I-Kyshtym plant electrolyte plant: ulwazi nemikhiqizo

Isitshalo se-Kyshtym se-electrolyte yenye yezinkampani eziyishumi ezingamanje ezingezona ezensimbi ze-metallurgy emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sitshalo yinkampani eyenza idolobha, lapho iningi labantu baseKyshtym lisebenza khona.

Kusukela eMbusweni weDemidov

Isitshalo se-Kyshtym sethusi electrolyte, njengezikhungo eziningi zezimboni e-Urals, yasungulwa ngo-1757 nguNicita Demidov. Lebhizinisi lalibandakanya ukufaka insimbi ngaphansi kwephawu lokuhweba elidumile elithi "Sable Old", imikhiqizo yayo yaziwa eYurophu futhi yaziswa kakhulu. I-Kyshtym factory yayiyingxenye yamabhizinisi amabhizinisi angamashumi ayisihlanu emndenini waseDemidov, owavela ema-Urals ngawo wonke ububanzi nokuqonda iphayona laseRussia.

ENgilandi, insimbi yamafektri aseDemidov yahlanganisa uphahla, futhi eRussia phansi kweTrinth Catralral yaseKiev-Pechersk Lavra kwafakwa ngamacwecwe ensimbi. Insimbi yayinekhwalithi ephezulu kangangokuthi yathengwa eNgilandi naseSweden, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kwakuziqhenya khona.

Ibhizinisi lokuthunga eKyshtym lahlala iminyaka engu-150. Ngo-1873 lesi sitshalo sabelwa ezakhiweni ezinhle kakhulu eRussia nase-Urals, ukuqashelwa kwempumelelo kwenzeka eMbukisweni Wezwe eVienna.

I-Edgar Hoover Yokunyathelisa

Ngo-1809, lesi sitshalo sathengwa ngumvukuzi wegolide u-Lev Rastorguev, emva kokufa kwakhe, wathathwa njengefa. Ngokwesivumelwano, ngo-1907, i-factory-making factory yaba yinkampani yaseNgisi i-Urquhart. Endabeni yokuthenga amasheya esitshalo, umongameli wesikhathi esizayo we-United States, u-Edgar Hoover, owasebenza isikhashana esitshaleni njengenjiniyela, naye wabeka isandla sakhe.

I-Hoover yakha inkampani ehlanganisiwe yesitokisi sezitshalo zezimayini zaseKyshtymsky, ezathenga amasheya ezizindlalifa zaseRastorguev. Emnyuziyamu we-KMEZ ungabona ukungena okuphawulekayo ebhokisini le-akhawunti endala mayelana nokuthi mangaki amasheya esitshalo se-Ural ayengamaHoover.

Ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho, ibhizinisi lokugaya izinsimbi ngo-1908 laphinde lavuselela ibhizinisi elinenzuzo futhi elidingekile - ukucwenga ithusi. Ukuzikhethela kwakungeyona yengozi, isikhathi segesi sifikile futhi isidingo semikhiqizo esethusi sanda.

Ngemuva kokuguquka

Ngemuva kuka-1917, zonke izinkampani zangasese zazizwe. Ukukhiqizwa komnotho kazwelonke Kyshtym isitshalo se-copper-electrolytic saqala ukukhiqiza kusukela ngo-1920. Esikhathini bahamba izingotsheni ezisele ezisezikhathini zama-tsarist, lapho baqala khona ukwenza ucingo lwethusi oluboshwe.

Ukwandiswa kokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe kwenziwa ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-20-30. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni waseRussia, ngo-1928, lesi sitshalo sathola selenium ngezinhloso zezimboni futhi sakha ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Ukuqala kwe-thirties kubhalwe ngokusungula indlela yokuthola i-tellurium nokufakwa kobuchwepheshe ebhizinisini. Lapho ingilazi yenzelwa izinkanyezi ze-ruby zeMoscow Kremlin, i-selenium evela esitshalweni saseKyshtymsky yayisetshenziswa ku-alloy.

Ngo-1937, leli bhizinisi lakha ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-sulfate yethusi. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, umkhiqizo wawuhlose izidingo zangaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwempi emva kokulwa, isitshalo sasinwetshiwe kakhulu, okwakwazi ukwenza kahle ukukhiqizwa kwesithombe se-copper nge-electrolytic indlela ngo-1961, okwakwenziwa futhi okokuqala e-USSR.

Isitshalo se-Kyshtym se-electrolyte sasinda ekuzalweni kwesibili eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, lapho konke ukukhiqizwa kanye nemali eyisizayo kwakhiwa kabusha. Inqubo yaqedwa ngesikhathi se-perestroika, ngo-1995. Ngaphezu kokuguqulwa emkhakheni wezimboni, isitshalo sakwazi ukwakha izindlu zabasebenzi, ukwandisa abasebenzi.

Ngezinga lemishini esetshenziswayo kanye nezinqubo zezobuchwepheshe, le nkampani yaba enye yezinkampani ezihamba phambili eziyishumi, ezimakwe izitifiketi ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-ISO 9001: 2008. Le nkampani iyazimele ekwenzeni izinqumo ezindabeni eziningi, isitshalo se-Kyshtym se-electrolytic, INN 7413000630.

Isimanje

Ngo-2003, isitshalo sakwa-Kyshtym se-electrolyte satholwa yi-Russian Copper Company. Ngonyaka we-2005, kwakhiwa kabusha enye indawo emabhizinisini, inhloso yayo eyisithando somlilo we-anode, futhi isakhiwo se-eletrolysis sakhiwa futhi sakhiwa ngokusho komsebenzi we-Outotec yenkampani yaseFinland. Izinyathelo ezithathwe zenze ukwandiswa komkhiqizo wonyaka wezinhlamvu zethusi kuze kube ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-120 (ukuqala kwamandla amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80).

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva i-ZAO Kyshtym isitshalo se-electrolyte yethusi yakhula ukukhishwa kwenduku yentambo ngendlela yokuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yale njongo, imishini entsha yaseMelika SCR 2000 yafakwa. Lesi sinyathelo sikwazi ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efunwa emhlabeni nasemakethe yasekhaya kuze kube ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngonyaka, ukuqinisa isikhundla se-KMEZ. Namuhla cishe u-15% wenduku yonke yentambo eRussia ikhiqizwa yilo bhizinisi.

Ukwakhiwa kwebhizinisi

Isitshalo se-Kyshtym se-electrolyte sitholakala esifundeni saseChelyabinsk. Inani labasebenzi liyi-3,400. Isakhiwo sokukhiqizwa kwebhizinisi sihlanganisa:

• I-Copper smelting shop, eveza amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-112 zemikhiqizo ephelile ngonyaka (i-anode zethusi).
• Isitolo se-electrolysis esethusi, esakhiwa yiminyango emithathu - i-electrolysis yethusi (99.9% ukuhlanzeka), ukukhiqizwa kwe-copper sulfate, ukuhlanzwa (igolide, i-silver bullion, i-platinum ne-palladium nge-powder).
• Isitolo sensimbi yentambo yethusi (ububanzi buka 8 mm, amakilasi amathathu ekhwalithi - A, B, C).
• I-laboratory, efaka amahhovisi ayisikhombisa anemishini yanamuhla.
• Umkhakha wezenhlalakahle uqinisekisa umsebenzi ozinzile wezisebenzi zenkampani. Lesi sitshalo sinikeza ukwesekwa kumamyuziyamu kaKMEZ, uMkhandlu weVeterans, ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kubo bonke abasebenzi bebhizinisi, kunikeza ukufinyelela mahhala kwezemidlalo, kukhona ikamu labantwana labantwana, bonke abasebenzi bangasebenzisa amaholide abo ngesisekelo se "Travakul". Kubantwana kanye nabantu abadala, ukuzithokozisa kwamasiko, ukuthuthukiswa kokudala kuyatholakala kwi-factory ye-DK yamaMetallurgist, lapho ama-mugs, amaqembu amateur asebenza, njll. Izitshalo eziningi zakwa-Kyshtym zethusi ze-electrolyte zigubha imicimbi eminingi nemicimbi. Izithombe zembiko yomcimbi zihlotshiswe ngamaphephandaba wendawo.
• Ecology. Ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kunikezwa izinhlelo zokuzivikela zanamuhla - izihlungi, umjikelezo ovaliwe wokuhlinzeka ngamanzi okukhiqiza, uthuli kanye nezitshalo zokwelashwa kwegesi, njll. Zonke izinyathelo nemishini ihlolwe kabili ngonyaka. Kusukela ngo-2000 , isitshalo se-Kyshtym se-electrolytic sethule uhlelo lwe-ISO14000 lokuphathwa kwemvelo (isitifiketi samazwe ngamazwe).

Ukukhiqizwa

Isitshalo seKyshtym ithusi-electrolyte (KMEZ) e-assortment eyisisekelo iveza:

• I-cathode ye-Copper yebanga le-M00k.
• Induku yensimbi yamakilasi amathathu.
• Igolide elenziwe kahle (ngemishayo).
• Isiliva esinezinhlanzi (ingots).
• Amaphesenti angu-999.9 wegolide (isisindo - 500 no-1000 amagremu).
• I-sulfate ye-Copper (I grade, ibanga A).
• I-selenium yobuchwepheshe.
• Ama-reagents "I-Copper" ne "Nickel".
• Iphoyisa le-Copper.
• Ithebula le-Radiator wethusi.
• Ukusika okwenziwe ngensimbi, insimbi egcotshwe.

Imikhiqizo yebhizinisi iyathengwa yizinkampani zaseRussia nezinkampani zangaphandle. Ukuze uthole izidingo zasemakhaya, kudinga amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu ethusi ngonyaka, iKMEZ ikhiqiza amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-900 zemikhiqizo yethusi ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene. Iningi liyathunyelwa eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwamanye amazwe ngendlela yokugxila, intambo yentambo, i-anodes. I-Dragmetals - igolide, isiliva ne-platinum eyenziwe yi-KMEZ inenani eliyigugu kakhulu ngama-jewelers emhlabeni jikelele ngekhwalithi yabo.

Abathengi bemikhiqizo namathenda

I-KMEZ ikhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlose umkhakha wokukhiqiza womnotho. Abathengi abakhulu yi-metallurgical, umshini-thuluzi, i-metalware nezinye izitshalo. Amakhasimende ahlala njalo emikhiqizo yayiyizinkampani ezinjengoKopeisk Mechanical Repair Plant, CJSC Karabashmed, LLC Introbusiness, njll.

Isitshalo se-Kyshtymsk isitshalo se-electrolytic sithatha amathenda ekuthengeni izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo ezitolo zayo. Umkhakha wesithakazelo uhlanganisa:

• Izinto zokwakha, iziqephu ngokuqukethwe kokuthutha.
• Gxilisa ithusi.
• Izibhamu zethusi, ithusi, ithusi, imikhiqizo yokudoba yokukhiqizwa kwekhebula nemikhiqizo, amabhomu kagesi, njll.
• I-dragragals ku-scrap.
• Amaminerali, izinto eziphambili nezesekondari.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathenda aphethwe ukuthenga imishini, ukugcinwa kwemishini njalo, ukuvimbela izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe, imigqa yokukhiqiza, njll.

Imisebenzi

Le nhlangano yenza imisebenzi engaba ngu-120, futhi isayithi ngayinye idinga abasebenzi abafanelekayo, okukhethwa ngokunamandla kwisitshalo se-Kyshtymsky se-electrolytic. Imisebenzi ivela njalo, njengoba abasebenzi basebenza ngokugcwele. Kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile umnyango wezisebenzi ukhipha izithuba ezivulekile.

Ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-2017, abasebenzi nabanjiniyela bamenywa esitshalweni. Ibhizinisi lidinga i-loaders (w / n kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10), abasebenzi be-engineering (w / o ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-27.), Abaphathi bamaphromoshini yomkhiqizo (w / n kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-40.), Imishini yokulungisa imishini ( S / p kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-15.), Umpheki (s / n kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-13.), Kanye nomchwepheshe obudlelwaneni bomphakathi (c / n ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo). Ifoni yomnyango wezisebenzi ze-KMEZ isendaweni esemthethweni.

Ikheli

Isitshalo seKyshtym Copper Electrolytic sitholakala emzini waseKyshtym, esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, e-Paris Commune Street, e-Building No. 2. Ihhovisi elimele eChelyabinsk - Entuziastov Street, Building 22-1.

Ungayithola kwiwebhusayithi ye-Kyshtym plant electrolytic plant kanye noxhumana nabo ehhovisi laseMoscow, elise: Goncharnaya street, 18 ekwakheni No. 2.