Impahla Allotropic: yedayimane graphite. Ifomula graphite futhi idayimane.

Wonke umuntu ejwayelene izinto ezifana graphite futhi idayimane. Graphite itholakala kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenziwa izintonga ngoba ipensela elula. Graphite - ketshezi impela ezingabizi futhi ezishibhile. Kodwa into enjalo, like a diamond, lihlukile graphite. Diamond - itshe eqolo, ezingavamile kakhulu futhi esobala, ngokungafani kuya Graphite. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa-graphite chemical ifomula kuvumelana idayimane izimangalo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngamathonya indlela esingakwenza ngayo lokhu.

Graphite: umlando nezakhiwo amaminerali

Umlando graphite ihlehlela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, ngakho unyaka esiqondile ekuqaleni isicelo yayo isethi kunzima kakhulu. Graphite lidume ngokuba umqhubi ezinhle ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu yezimbiwa ulula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa izintonga for amapensela.

I izakhiwo amakhemikhali amaminerali ungakwazi zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa ukufakwa compounds nge izinto eziningi ezifana nosawoti kanye izinsimbi alikhali. Mineral akusho chaza acid.

Formula graphite - C, isb ke ingenye ukulungiswa allotropic eseduze isici wesithupha ishadi lesikhathi - carbon.

Diamond: umlando nezakhiwo amaminerali

History of the idayimane kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi diamond lokuqala watholakala e-India. Ngaleso sikhathi, isintu uhlulekile ukuqonda amandla leli tshe. Izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba kwase kuphela eyaziwa ukuthi leli tshe kunzima kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-15 leminyaka, amadayimane Zazibiza kancane kakhulu kunalokho emeralds futhi ibe ngeyamarubi. Bese i ngamagugu ezingaziwa uma usebenza ngetshe wawunika sici esihle, eyaziwa kamuva ngokuthi idayimane. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho itshe futhi wabonisa ngokwaso yonke inkazimulo yayo.

Ikakhulu amadayimane elisetshenziswa umkhakha. Lokhu amaminerali linamandla emhlabeni wonke, yingakho senziwa Abrasives, bezihlahla for machining metal okuqinile nokuningi.

Njengoba vele sesiyazi, le-graphite ku-formula chemical - C, indlela efanayo has a diamond.

Umahluko phakathi yedayimane graphite

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaminerali ube amafomula chemical efanayo, sihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye njengoba ukubukeka, futhi kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali umbono.

Okokuqala, idayimane kanye graphite olusungulwe ezahlukene ngokuphelele nomunye. Ngenxa graphite sakhiwa igridi esingusithiphanhlangothi, kuyilapho idayimane has a cubic crystal nesakhiwo. I fragility we-graphite kubangelwa yokuthi kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi Icwele lula kakhulu nokwephula, ama-athomu alo abahlukene kalula kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, graphite kulula adonse ukukhanya, yena emnyama kakhulu, ngokungafani idayimane.

isakhiwo idayimane ungachazwa ukuthi athomu eyodwa ye-carbon lizungezwe amanye ama-athomu amane e iphiramidi tetrahedral noma unxantathu. Kuyiatom itholakala at elifanayo ukusuka komunye. Ukuxhumana kusuka athomu unamandla kakhulu, yingakho idayimane kunzima kangaka futhi iqine. Enye impahla idayimane - ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukuzikhuthaza ukukhanya, ngokungafani graphite.

Strange ukuthi ifomula kuyafana graphite idayimane ifomula, kodwa namaminerali bahluke ngokuphelele? Cha! Ngenxa idayimane adalwe imvelo nge ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu, bese lwaluyophola ngokushesha kakhulu, kuyilapho graphite kwenzeka ngomfutho ongaphakeme, kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu.

Kuyini nemiyo allotropic?

impahla Allotropic - lena umqondo obaluleke kakhulu kwamakhemikhali. Lona legumbi evumela ukuhlukanisa leso sidakamizwa nomunye.

Lesi sikole izinto allotropic wafunda esibonelweni graphite kanye idayimane, kanye ukungezwani kwawo. Ngakho, ngemva watadisha ukwahluka yedayimane-graphite, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi allotropy - iyona khona ngokwemvelo izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, lapho kuhluke isakhiwo zabo nezindawo, kodwa abe efanayo amakhemikhali ifomula noma basonta yona leyo nto zamakhemikhali.

Ukuthola graphite Idayimane

Graphite ifomula - C - ososayensi bavunyelwe ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo, okuholela graphite allotropic izinto ezitholakele.

Othisha bathi kanye nezingane zesikole nabafundi ngendlela ososayensi baye bazama ukudala amadayimane kusuka graphite. Le ndaba ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi okuthakazelisayo, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukukhumbula khona izidakamizwa allotropic njengoba graphite kanye idayimane, futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye kwabo.

Esikhathini esithile esidlule, ososayensi baye bazama ukudala amadayimane kusuka graphite. Babekholelwa ukuthi uma ifomula the diamond kanye graphite kuyafana, bazokwazi ukwakha idayimane, ngoba itshe eqolo futhi ezingavamile. Manje siyazi ukuthi diamond amaminerali livela imvelo ngomfutho ophakeme kanye nokupholisa ngokuphazima kweso. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi wanquma nishaye ѓrafit, ngaleyo ndlela izimo ezidingekile idayimane kumiswa. Futhi eqinisweni, kwenzeka isimangaliso, ekuqhumeni ku-graphite akha zinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu idayimane.

Ukusetshenziswa graphite futhi idayimane

Kuze kube manje, futhi graphite futhi idayimane ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa kule mboni. Kodwa mayelana 10% of the ukukhiqizwa idayimane Imininingwane uya nebhizinisi ubucwebe. Iningi ngokuvamile eyenziwe amapensela-graphite, njengoba ulula kakhulu khona futhi aphuke kalula, kanti amacembe izibazi.