Iqhaza kanye nokusetshenziswa carbohydrate. Ukusetshenziswa carbohydrate imithi

Ama-carbohydrate ayiyingxenye ebalulekile yamangqamuzana nama-tishu kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluphilayo, kungaba yisitshalo, isilwane noma umuntu. Yakha inqwaba yezindaba eziphilayo zomhlaba wonke. Ama-carbohydrate ayiklasi elikhulu kakhulu lamakhemikhali. Phakathi kwabo ungathola izinto ezinempahla ehlukile. Ngenxa yalesi sici, imisebenzi ye-carbohydrate inkulu kakhulu. Namuhla sizohlaziya izindawo eziyinhloko, indima yemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokudla (hhayi nje kuphela) imboni.

Imithombo ye-carbohydrate

Imithombo esemqoka ye-carbohydrate yikhiqiza yemvelo yemvelaphi. Okufanayo: isinkwa, okusanhlamvu, imifino, izithelo, amajikijolo. Mayelana nemikhiqizo yemvelaphi yezilwane, ezinye zazo nazo zicebile ama-carbohydrate. Lokhu, okokuqala, ubisi, equkethe okuthiwa ushukela ubisi.

Imikhiqizo yokudla ingaqukatha ama-carbohydrate ahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka, ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate nemisebenzi yabo kuningi kakhulu. Ezitshalweni namazambane kukhona isitashi - i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi engenawo emanzini, ahlukaniswe amashukela alula ngesenzo samanzi okugaya. Ezitsheni, imifino kanye namajikijolo lezi zinto zenziwa ngesimo soshukela elula: izithelo, i-beetroot, umhlanga, amagilebhisi nokunye. Zichitha emanzini futhi zithandwa ngumzimba. Ama-sugar Sugar, aqoqiwe emanzini, asheshe afakwe egazini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate

Kukholelwa ukuthi iningi lama-carbohydrate kufanele lisetshenziswe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuphela 20-25% kuphela elula. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni kancane kancane ukudla okuyishukela emathisini. Uma umuntu ethola ama-carbohydrate ananele ngokudla, afakwe esibindi nasezintanjeni ngendlela "yesitashi sezilwane" se-glycogen. Ngokuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate, indawo yokugcina i-glycogen ihlukaniswe ibe i-glucose futhi isetshenziselwa izidingo zomzimba (ukudla okunomsoco wamangqamuzana kanye nezicubu). Uma umzimba uthola ngokweqile, baba fat. Ngendlela, ama-carbohydrate afaka phakathi i-fibre, okudingekayo ekugayeni kahle.

Ama-carbohydrate yizingxenye ezibalulekile zokudla, ngakho-ke azigcini nje ngokunquma i-homeostat yamandla kagesi, kodwa futhi ahlanganyele ku-biosynthesis yamaphoyintimenti amaningi ane-carbon. Ngesikhathi sokuphila, umuntu usebenzisa isilinganiso samathani angu-14 alawa mahlanganisi. Kulezi, cishe ama-2.5 amathani asezingeni elilula. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate kanye nezidakamizwa zabo ekudleni akuhanjiswa ngendlela efanayo. Ama-carbohydrate yingxenye enkulu yokudla kwethu. Zidla izikhathi ezine ngaphezu kwamaprotheni noma amafutha. Ngokudla okulula, okuxubene, cishe ngamaphesenti angama-60 wamandla umuntu athola kusuka kuma-carbohydrate. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko emzimbeni ukunikeza amandla. Ukusebenza ngokwengeziwe emzimbeni womuntu, uma edinga kakhulu ama-carbohydrates. Ngendlela yokuphila yokuhlala, isidingo salezi zinto sinciphisa. Kulabo abangabasebenzi emsebenzini, imfuneko yansuku zonke ye-carbohydrate ingaba amagremu angu-400.

Cishe ama-50-65% we-carbohydrates angena emzimbeni wethu ngemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu. 15-25% - noshukela kanye nemikhiqizo equkethe ushukela. Cishe ngo-10% - enezimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Futhi cishe ngo-5-7% - ngezithelo nemifino.

Ama-carbohydrate avuselela kakhulu amandla okuvikela kwangaphandle ama-pancreas kanye ne-stimulator esebenzayo kakhulu ye-insulin synthesis, edlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism nokugcina i-homeostasis enhle ye-glucose. Ukugcwala ngokweqile nge-carbohydrate elula eminyakeni edlule kuholela ku-hyperplasia ye-β-cell, khona - ekutheni amandla e-insulin abe buthakathaka nokudala izinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni isifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-carbohydrate

Kuye ngesakhiwo, ikhono lokuqothula kanye nesilinganiso sokufana, ama-carbohydrate aqukethe imikhiqizo yokudla ihlukaniswe ibe elula futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze kube lula ukuphatha i-monosaccharides (i-fructose, i-glucose, i-galactose) kanye ne-disaccharides (i-sucrose, i-lactose). Kuyinkimbinkimbi - i-polysaccharides (i-fiber, isitashi, i-glycogen). Ngaphezu kwama-carbohydrate anikezwe isibonelo, ekilasini ngalinye kukhona ezinye izinto ezingaziwa kakhulu.

I-carbohydrate elula

I-Mono- kanye ne-disaccharides iyancibilika kahle emanzini futhi iyashesha ngokushesha umzimba. Zine ukunambitheka okumnandi, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuthiwa ushukela ushukela nje. I-monosaccharide evamile kakhulu i-glucose, equkethe izithelo ezihlukahlukene kanye namajikijolo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa ngokucaciswa kwe-di-polysaccharides. I-glucose, lapho isingenwe, isheshe ithole ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Yakha i-glycogen, inondla izicubu zobuchopho kanye nemisipha (kuhlanganise nenhliziyo), futhi ilawula izinga leshukela egazini. Ngomsebenzi womzimba, i-glucose ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile njengomthombo wamandla.

I-Fructose inezakhiwo ezifanayo. Kungabhekwa njenge-carbohydrate ewusizo, elula kalula. Kodwa, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-glucose, i-fructose isathathwa kancane kancane emathunjini, futhi, ngokushaya igazi, ishiya ngokushesha igazi. Kufika ku-80% we-fructose igcinwa esibindi, ukuvimbela ushukela wegazi ngokweqile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esibindi se-fructose kulula ukwenza isakhi se-glycogen kune-glucose. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sucrose, i-fructose ingcono kakhulu futhi inobumnandi obukhulu. Ngenxa yendawo yokugcina yezinga elidingekayo lobumnandi bomkhiqizo, i-fructose encane ingasetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukusetshenziswa kokushukela. Lokhu kwenzeka ekwakhiweni kokudla kokuqukethwe kwekhalori elinganiselwe. Uma sicabanga ngokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate empilweni, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekudleni kokudla. I-Fructose ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-sweetener ekhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Ngokudlulela ngokweqile kwe-sucrose, i-fat metabolism iphukile futhi ukwakhiwa kwamafutha kuyanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekuyisikhathi eside kufakazelwe ukuthi ngokunyuka kwesamba ushukela ongena emzimbeni, ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha avela ku-carbohydrate okuyinkimbinkimbi, amafutha aphezulu kanye namaprotheni, kuthuthukiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, inani leshukela elidliwa ngumuntu lingakwazi ukulawula kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwe-fatabetism.

Ngokusetshenziswa okuningi kweshukela, i-cholesterol metabolism iqala ukwanda futhi okuqukethwe kwayo egazini kuyanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela owedlulele unomthelela omubi emsebenzini we-microflora wamathumbu - ukwanda kwamagciwane ezincane ezifakwe emgodini, izinqubo zokugqoka ziyashesha, futhi i-meteorism iqala. Okuncane kakhulu kula miphumela emibi kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwe-fructose. Umthombo omkhulu wale carbohydrate yizithelo namajikijolo. Iningi le-fructose ne-glucose itholakala kuju: 37.1% no 36.2%, ngokulandelana. Wonke ushukela osesithempelini yi-fructose, lapha cishe ngo-8%.

I-monosaccharide elandelayo i-galactose. Akukwenzeka ekudleni ngesimo samahhala. I-Galactose iwumkhiqizo wokuhlukaniswa kwe-lactose, i-carbohydrate esemqoka yobisi.

Ngokuqondene nama-disaccharides, okuyinhloko ekudleni kwethu i-sucrose. Ngesikhathi i-hydrolysis, ihlukaniswa ibe i-fructose ne-glucose. Imithombo esemqoka ye-sucrose yi-beet kanye noshukela lomhlanga. Esihlabathini soshukela, okuqukethwe kwaleli carbohydrate kufinyelela ku-99.75%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sucrose itholakala ezitshalweni, imifino kanye namakhabe.

I-carbohydrate enzima

I-polysaccharides ihlukaniswa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu se-molecule kanye nokuziphendulela ngokweqile kwamanzi. Leli klasi lihlanganisa: isitashi, i-fibre, i-glycogen ne- pectin. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbohydrate yalesi sifundo kuyasakazwa emazingeni ahlukene. Ukudla okuyinhloko kuyisitashi. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kokusanhlamvu kuyisici esiyinhloko esinquma inani labo lokudla okunomsoco. Ekudleni komuntu okuvamile, isitashi sithatha cishe amaphesenti angama-80 we-carbohydrate esetshenzisiwe. Ngesinye isikhathi emzimbeni, iphenduka ama-carbohydrate elula futhi yenza imisebenzi yawo.

Ngokuqondene ne-glycogen, emzimbeni wethu idlala indima yezinto ezibonakalayo zamandla, ezondla imisipha yokusebenza kanye nezitho zangaphakathi. I-Glycogen itholakele nge-rheosynthesis ngenxa ye-glucose.

I-Pectin iyisisulu esincibilikayo esitholwe kahle emzimbeni. Njengoba ucwaningo lwesimanje emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokudla okunomsoco, i-pectin ingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa ezifweni zesigcawu somzimba.

I-fibre ifana kakhulu nesakhiwo se-polysaccharides. Okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kudumile ngemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwezinga le-fibre emkhiqizo, ukubaluleka okukhulu yikhwalithi yayo. Uma ubumnene kakhulu lawa-carbohydrate, kungcono uhlukaniswe emathunjini, futhi umuntu owusizo kakhulu uletha. Lezi zakhiwo zinefibre yemifino namazambane. Isici esibalulekile sale polysaccharide yikhono lokususa i-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu. Manje sizocabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbohydrate.

Ukudla kokubeletha

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrates emithi namuhla kukhula ngokushesha. Ukudla kokubeletha - ukujova okufakwe emanzini emzimbeni. Isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho isiguli esingenalo ithuba lokudla ngokuzimela. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni kokubeletha kuvamile kakhulu. Zisetshenziswa ngesizathu esilula ukuthi zingumthombo onamandla kakhulu wemandla emzimbeni womuntu. Inani lamandla ama-carbohydrate ayi-4 kcal / g. Isidingo somuntu nsuku zonke samandla asuka kuma-1.5 kuya ku-2,000 kilocalories. Ngakho-ke inkinga yokusetshenziswa okungekho emakhemikhali ukuze kutholakale lesi sidingo. Ngokusho kwesisombululo se-isotonic glucose, ukumboza ngokugcwele isidingo somuntu sekhalori, uthele kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-10 amalitha esisombululo. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hyperhydration, i-edema ye-pulmona kanye nezifo zenhliziyo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezingaphezulu kweglucose kubhekene neminye imiphumela engathandeki - ukuvela kwe-hyperosmolarity ye-plasma nokucasula kwe-heart of the veins (ukuthuthukiswa kwe-phlebitis ne-thrombophlebitis). Futhi ukuze kungabikho ingozi ye-osmotic diuresis, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokumnika i-glucose ebangeni kusukela ku-0.4 kuya ku-0.5 g / kg / h. Uma uguqula lesi sinkomba kwisisombululo se-isotonic glucose, uzothola okungaphezu kuka-500 mm ngehora ngesiguli esinesisindo esingama-70 kg. Ukuvimbela ukuphulwa kokubekezelelana kwama-carbohydrate kanye nezinkinga ezilandelayo, i-insulini yengezwe kwisisombululo se-glucose. Ukubala kusekelwe kwifomula: 1 ED ye-3-4 amagremu we-glucose owomile. I-insulini ayithinti nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose, kodwa iphinde ikhuthaze ukuvunywa okujwayelekile kweziamino acid.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate emithi kuncike kohlobo lwabo. Ukudla kokubeletha kusetshenziswa kakhulu: i-fructose, i-glucose, i- sorbitol, i-dextran, i-glycerol ne-ethyl alcohol.

Ukudla kokudla

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokudla ezisekelwe ekugqaseni okuphelele noma okuncane kokudla kwamakhemikhali kusukela ekudleni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni amaningi namafutha. UMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States wenza ucwaningo ngokusho ukuthi bathola ukuthi abantu abadla ukudla okunomsobo-carbohydrate ngokuvamile banesisindo esivamile. Ukudla, okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate amaningi, kunomsoco kakhulu, kepha kune-caloric encane.

Njengoba kuyaziwa, eMelika abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu banenkinga yokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Futhi inani labantu abanjalo likhula njalo. Ucwaningo oluthile lwesibalo sokudla oludliwe lubonise ukuthi abantu abanokudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi bakuthola amakholori ambalwa kunokuthanda amaprotheni namafutha, ngokudla okulinganayo okudliwe. Leli qembu labantu abavela kubo bonke abaphenduliwe, futhi kwakukhona abantu abangaphezu kuka-10 000, isisindo somzimba esiphansi kakhulu. Isizathu sukuthi ngama-calories angu-1000 okudla okune-carbohydrate, unezintambo eziningi namanzi. Leli qembu labantu litholwe ngokudla okunomsoco, okungukuthi: amavithamini A no-C, i-carotene, i-calcium, i-iron ne-magnesium. Amafutha, i-cholesterol, i-zinc, i-sodium ne-vithamini B12, ekudleni kwawo kwakunezinga elingadingekile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate namafutha ekudleni kuhlobene eduze. Nokho, njengokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate nama-protein. Ukusebenza kahle kwama-carbohydrate njengemithombo yamandla kusemandleni abo okusindisa amaprotheni. Uma inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate liswa, umzimba usebenzisa ama-amino acids amancane njengamandla ayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinto azizona izingxenye ezibalulekile zokudla, ngoba zingenziwa zokwenziwa ngamamino acids kanye ne-glycerin, noma kunjalo, indima yabo ayikwazi ukunqunywa. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni kufanele okungenani kube ngu-50 amagremu ngosuku. Uma kungenjalo, kungase kube khona ukuphazanyiswa kwezinqubo zemithi.

Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate kuholela ekwakheni amafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba. Lapho ukwakha ukudla, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukwanelisa isidingo somuntu salezi zinto, kodwa futhi ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zabo ezihlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukulandelela isilinganiso se-carbohydrate elula futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho umzimba uthola ushukela amaningi, awukwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngokugcwele kwi-glycogen futhi ube yi-triglycerides, ekhuthaza ukwakheka kwamathambo amafutha. Lapho okuqukethwe kwegazi kwe-insulin kwanda, le nqubo ishesha.

Ama-carbohydrate anzima, ngokungafani nolula, ahlukanise kancane, ngakho okuqukethwe kwabo egazini kukhula kancane kancane. Kule ndaba, kunconywa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu ye-carbohydrate engxenyeni yokudla yizinto ezidliwayo. Isabelo sabo kufanele sibe ngamaphesenti angu-80 kuya kwangu-90. Ukuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate eziyinkimbinkimbi kubonakala ikakhulu kulabo abaphethwe yisifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, ukuqina kwesifo somzimba kanye nezifo zesimiso senhliziyo.

Njengoba usuvele uqonda, iningi lama-carbohydrate lisetshenziselwa ukudla okunomsoco kanye nemithi. Kodwa insimu yokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate ayipheli lapho. Kukuphi okunye okusetshenziselwa khona?

I-glucose

Le-carbohydrate inamathele umzimba futhi ingasetshenziswa ekwakheni imithi ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glucose isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-confectionery. Ngesizo salo senza i-marmalade, i-caramel, i-gingerbread neminye imikhiqizo. Embonini yezindwangu, idlala indima ye-agent yokuncipha. Futhi ekwakhiweni kwe-glycine ne-ascorbic acid, i-glucose iyisiqalo sokuqala. Ngesizo salo, baphinde bakhiqize ezinye ushukela ezimbonini.

Ukuvutshelwa kwama- glacial kubaluleke kakhulu . Kuyenzeka lapho iklabishi, ikhukhamba, ubisi neminye imikhiqizo inomuncu, kanye nalapho i-solageing forages. Ekukhiqizeni ubhiya, ukuvuthwa kotshwala kwe- glucose kusetshenziswa.

Isitashi

Isitashi isisindo esibalulekile. Ukwenza kube lula ukugaya umzimba, imikhiqizo ingaphansi kokwelashwa okushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu zokushisa, i- hydrolysis encane ye-starch iyabonakala , kanye nokubunjwa kwe-dextrins engenawo amanzi. I-Dextrins, lapho ingena emgodleni wokugaya, i-hydrolyzed kuya i-glucose, ehlushwa kahle umzimba. Uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate embonini, asikwazi ukungazinaki isitashi. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko etholakala kuyo i-glucose nama-molasses. Lokhu kuqhubeka kwandisa indawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-carbohydrates. Chaza kafushane ukuthi inqubo yokuthola i-glucose nama-milasses kusuka kumatashi ingaba kanje.

Isitashi sishiswa ngongxube nge-dilutric acid. I-asidi engaphezulu iyanqandwa yi-choki. I-calcium sulphate, eyakhiwa ngesikhathi se-neutralization, ihlungiwe. Khona-ke isixazululo siphuphuma futhi i-glucose ihlukanisiwe nayo. Uma ungenayo inqubo ye-hydrolysis ekugcineni, uthola ingxube ye-glucose nge dextrins, ebizwa ngokuthi i-molasses. It isetshenziswa embonini confectionery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-dextrins atholakala ku-isitashi asetshenziselwa kakhulu njengamathelisi kanye ne-thickener yamapende. Isitashi sibonisa indlela okungafani ngayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbohydrates kungaba. I-Chemistry yezinqubo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, akuyona neze inkimbinkimbi.

esetshenziswa Ngaphambili nelineni starching, okuvumela indwangu yokuphefumula ukuphila yesibili futhi baphile isikhathi eside service yayo. imikhiqizo Starch etholwe therefrom ukuthola izicelo basembonini yendwangu, yezemithi Foundry.

cellulose

Ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo carbohydrate bekulokhu kungekho ayibalulekile kunalokho indima oyizalayo njalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate zingatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu yizenzo zabantu. I-cellulose (fiber) esetshenziswa indoda kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ekuqaleni, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa ukhuni uphethiloli nezinto zokwakha. Khona-ke, ukotini, yefilakisi nezinye izitshalo fibrous baye bafunda ukwenza intambo. Kamuva, ubuchwepheshe wabonakala, ingatholakala ngokhuni ephepheni. Paper, empeleni yayo, wembozwe ezondile cellulose endwangwini, iziphi agxishiwe ethe njo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka okuhlala, surface bushelelezi lapho uyinki is singazange sande.

Ekuqaleni, womshini iphepha usebenzisa zemifino kuphela impahla eluhlaza (ukotini nelayisi sifanamsindvo). Kule Imicu yotshani luyingxenye athutha likhishiwe. Kodwa njengoba ekukhuleni komphakathi, le mithombo kwaba awanele ukuhlawulela izono isidingo sephepha. Inani oyinhloko kuba indlela ozizwa ngayo. Njengoba sazi ukuthi ikhwalithi iphepha akuyona ezibucayi, yaqala ukungenza 50 amaphesenti phansi kwezinkuni. Ngemva kwalokho kukhona ubuchwepheshe ukuqeda enjalo ohambisana izinto ugodo njengoba inhlaka, lignin nabanye. Lokho wehlukile ngakho kungaba ngokoqobo carbohydrate.

Kuze kube manje, indlela evame kakhulu ukwehlukana cellulose sulphite. Isetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezahlukene, lapho kukhona ukusetshenziswa carbohydrate. inqubo yamakhemikhali ulula. Ngu le ndlela, ugodo ochotshoziwe futhi abilisiwe ingxube calcium hydrogen sulfate. Ingabe-ke akhululwa zonke izinhlobo ukungcola ahlukaniswe kuyi-cellulose izihlungi. Yotshwala okuholela yakhiwa monosaccharides, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa njengophawu impahla eluhlaza for zokukhiqiza utshwala. Futhi cellulose esetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni viscose, acetate futhi cuprammonium zesivikelo sesifuba.

Ngezinye izikhathi eyiphutha carbohydrate hydrocarbon. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zenzo ezimbili amakilasi izinto okukhulunywa ngazo tune, abanakho maqondana nomunye. Ukusetshenziswa hydrocarbon elihlale ekhaya nasemsebenzini - kungcono indaba ehluke ngokuphelele.

isiphetho

Namuhla wena ziye zajula nakakhulu ulwazi lwazo ngabalingiswa izinto ezifana carbohydrate. Izakhiwo kanye izicelo carbohydrate kanye nokusebenzisa kwabo abantu basikisela ukuthi lezi zinto yizici ezibalulekile begazi iplanethi yethu. Ziyakwazi ngokoqobo indawo nakuyo yonke into. Kodwa lokhu akulona ezibalulekile, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ezimpilweni zethu akuzona carbohydrate ngeke kwenzeke. ukusetshenziswa kakhulu olubanzi carbohydrate empilweni.