Uyini iconsi voltage

Ukuze umuntu owazi izinto zikagesi neze kuleveli yomsebenzisi elula (uyazi kanjani futhi kuphi ukuze uvule / ukuvala), eziningi Electricians Emagama lasetjentisiwe Ubonakala uhlobo oluthile umbhedo. Ngokwesibonelo, okuyinto kuphela "voltage iconsi" noma "inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-wesifunda." Ngabe waya kuphi futhi uwela? Owenza isikimu ku imininingwane? Empeleni, incazelo ezingokomzimba izinqubo, kufihlwe ngemuva iningi la mazwi, kulula kakhulu ukuba baqonde, ngisho ngolwazi esikoleni physics.

Ukuze achaze ukuthi iyona iconsi voltage, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke voltages ku circuit (ie ngezigaba global). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela. Okokuqala - zinamandla ukuthengisela, okuyinto ixhunywe wesifunda kubhekwe. Ingase futhi ukubizwa osetshenziswayo ukuze lonke uchungechunge. Futhi uhlobo lwesibili - lena iconsi voltage. Kungaba kubhekwe kokubili maqondana nentaba futhi yimuphi isici esisodwa.

Ngo umkhuba kubukeka kanje. Isibonelo, uma uthatha abavamile esikhipha isibani, ukuyihlanganisa phakathi umnikazi, kanti izintambo kuwo ukuxhuma eziko ekhaya odongeni, zizosetshenziswa circuit (ugesi - Guides - umthwalo) voltage kuyinto 220 volts. Kodwa uma sisebenzisa voltmeter ukukala ukubaluleka isibani, njengoba kuyoba sobala ukuthi waba ngaphansana kunabanjengonkulunkulu 220. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba kwehla voltage ku ukumelana kagesi, okuyinto has a isibani.

Mhlawumbe akukho umuntu ongakaze ezwe umthetho Ohm sika. Ngokuvamile, amazwi kubukeka sengathi lokhu:

I = U / R,

lapho R - Ukumelana wesifunda esebenzayo noma ingxenye, ulinganiswa ohms; U - voltage, e volts; futhi ekugcineni, mina - samanje amperes. Njengoba singabona, wonke amanani amathathu axhunyaniswa ngqo. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi iyiphi ezimbili zingaba nkulu ngempela elula ukubala lwesithathu. Yiqiniso, esimweni ngasinye, kuyodingeka ukuba acabangele uhlobo wamanje (AC noma i-DC) kanye nezinye izici ezimbalwa abafanelekile, kodwa ngesisekelo - ifomula ngenhla.

I energy kagesi - is, eqinisweni, ukuhamba umbhidisi omubi icala izinhlayiya (electron). Kulesi sibonelo, isibani Kuvunguza has a ukumelana, isb kancane ezihambayo electron. Lokhu kukhipha emisebeni ebonakalayo, kodwa amandla ingqikithi yokucucuza kuyizinhlayiyana kuyehla. Njengoba ungase ubone ifomula, ke kunciphisa nge nokuncipha zamanje kanye voltage. Yingakho imiphumela izilinganiso kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba futhi isibani kuhluke. Lokhu Umehluko yokwehla kwamandla. Lokhu value njalo kucatshangelwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunciphisa ngokweqile izakhi ekupheleni circuit.

I iconsi voltage yonkana Resistor kuxhomeke yayo ukumelana kwangaphakathi namandla zamanje egeleza phakathi kwalo. Futhi engaqondile nethonya lokushisa kanye izici zamanje. Uma wesifunda olucutshungulwayo ufaka ammeter, yokwehla kungenziwa kunqunywa siphindaphindeka ukubaluleka lwamanje ukumelana kwesibani.

Kodwa Ngeke uhlale njalo enjalo nje ngokusebenzisa ifomula elula, futhi idivayisi yokulinganisa ukwenza ukubala yokwehla kwamandla. Endabeni ka resistors parallel exhunyiwe ukuthola amanani inkimbinkimbi. Ngo kushintshana zamanje kudingekile ukuba acabangele ingxenye eyengeziwe esisheshayo.

Cabanga ngesibonelo sika-resistors ezimbili okuhambisana axhunywe R1-R2. R3 eyaziwa ukumelana wire, futhi ugesi R0. Futhi, unikezwa inani le EMF - E.

Nasi legatsha parallel inombolo eyodwa. Ngenxa yalesi simo, ifomula isetshenziswa:

R = (ngo-R1 *-R2) / (ngo-R1 + u-R2)

Sinquma ukungawi lonke wesifunda isamba esingu-R4 = R + u-R3.

Silindele wamanje:

I = E / (R4 + r)

It uhlala ukwazi ukubaluleka voltage iconsi ku element ekhethiwe:

U = mina *-R5

Lapha, "u-R5" kungenzeka iyiphi R isici - kusuka 1 kuya ku 4, kuncike ekutheni kubalulekile ukubala isici wesifunda.