Isiteshi segesi esilula

Noma yimuphi umuntu, uma eqinisile, engashiyanga izinzuzo zempucuko, uhambele amadivaysi amaningi kagesi. Ngaphandle kwezibonelo ongadingi ukuzohamba: I-TV, ucingo, isibani esivamile kunazo zonke, isib. Isisekelo sawo wonke amadivaysi yisisombane kagesi. Imithombo eminingi yombhalo inikeza izincazelo ezifanayo, noma kunjalo, ngokubhekisela ezihlukahlukene ezilula. Kungani kunjalo, ngoba amadivaysi kagesi anamuhla anzima kangangokuthi athembele ohlelweni lwekhompyutha ukuzowasebenzisa? Ngempela, okungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma sikhumbula abacubungula bamakhompiyutha abo kanye nezigidi zabo ze-transistors - banesifundazwe se- DC. Isizathu sokwehliswa ngenhla kwencazelo ukuthi noma yikuphi, ngisho nesehlakalo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isifunda kagesi singamelwa ngesimo senombolo enkulu yezingxenye ezilula. Ngendlela, yingakho kuba lula ukwenza izibalo ezidingekayo usebenzisa amafomu awaziwayo.

Ngakho, ngokulula futhi kunzima ukunquma. Manje ake sichaze ukuthi isifunda sogesi siyini. Ukuze sikwazi ukucaca, ake sicabangele isibonelo esilula - i-flashlight kagesi. Futhi akuyona leyo esetshenziselwa ukulawula i-microcircuit (ukushintsha ama-modes, ukukhanyisa, njll), futhi okuvamile - ngebhethri, isibani sokukhanya nokushintsha kwamandla. Iqukethe izindlu lapho umthombo wokukhanya ngokwawo , inkinobho, igumbi lebhethri kanye noxhumana nabo ababili. Ukufaka ibhethri esimweni bese uchofoza inkinobho, ungafinyelela ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwesibani. Uma senze lezi zenzo, senze lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isifunda kagesi (ku-slang ochwepheshe - sihlangene nesifunda). Umthombo wamandla kagesi wamanje (amabhethri) wagijimela endleleni: othintana nesigxobo esihle - umqhubi, i-tumbler - isibani - isibonda esingalungile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-circuit elula kagesi". Esikhathini nge-flashlight, kunezici ezintathu: umthombo we-EMF, inkinobho yokuguqulela nesibani. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukuhamba kwama-electron (okwamanje) kunokwenzeka kuphela ku-loop evaliwe, ngakho-ke uma umshini wokuguqula unqanyuliwe futhi isifunda siphukile, sizophela, nakuba umthamo wamandla uhlala. Ngendlela, zonke izinqubo zingachazwa futhi zibalwe hhayi nje kuphela okwamanje, kodwa futhi ngezingcingo, amandla, i-EMF.

Ithuluzi lokubala jikelele jikelele ngumthetho ka-Ohm. Kulesi simo kubonakala sengathi:

I = E / (R + r),

Lapho ngimanje, Ampere; E-EMF, i-Volts; Ukumelana nezibani R, Ohm; R ukuphikiswa komthombo we-EMF, i-Ohm. Esikhathini esisetshenzisiwe, umphumela wokumelana komqhubi kanye nokushintshwa komshini awukwenziwe, ngoba awunaki.

Ngakho-ke, isifunda kagesi kanye nezakhi zalo zingabandakanya umthombo wamandla, izimpikiswano, ama-capacitors, ama-inductors, izingxenye ze-semiconductor, njll. Futhi konke lokhu kufanele kuxhunywe ndawonye ngabaqhubi abakha indlela eqhubekayo yokuhamba kwamanje.

Izinketho ezilula zihlukaniswe zingabanjwanga futhi zihlanganisiwe. Esikhathini sokuqala, zonke izakhi ezithintekayo zidlulisa okwamanje (umthetho wokuxhumeka okuyingqayizivele kwabathengi). Esikhathini sesibili, ngaphezu kwalokho, elinye lamagatsha amaningana axhumene ne-contour elula okucatshangelwayo ngezingqinamba zengeziwe. Kulesi simo, kuhlanganiswa ukuhlanganiswa okuxubile kwezakhi, ngakho-ke inani lamanje eligeleza egatsheni ngalinye lihlukile. Lapha igatsha liyingxenye yesifunda kagesi, kuzo zonke izici zazo ezigeleza njengamanje, nezinhlangothi eziphambene nazo ezixhunywe kumacu amabili. Ngakho-ke, i-node iyinhloko yesifunda kagesi lapho amagatsha amathathu noma ngaphezulu eguquka khona. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-nodes ngokuvamile amaphoyinti ambalwa, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda (ukufunda).