Yini i-geography yamazwekazi kanye nolwandle olutadisha? Izwe nezwe - kuyini?

Kungenzeka ukubhala izinto ezindala zemvelo eziye zaba izifundo zezifundo ezifana nesayensi yezwe: amazwekazi, olwandle, abantu kanye namazwe, izintaba, amathafa, olwandle nokunye okuningi. Esihlokweni esifanayo, sizobhekana kuphela namazwekazi kanye nolwandle.

Yini i-geography yamazwekazi kanye nolwandle olutadisha?

Lelifundo likhona ngempela ezindaweni zamakunivesithi ezindala nezifundisayo. Njengomthetho, ngokusemthethweni kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezinengqondo:

1. I-Geography yamazwekazi asenyakatho.
2. I-Geography yamazwekazi aseNingizimu.
3. I-Geography ye-World Ocean.

Lelifundo libuye lisetshenziswe esikoleni esiphakeme (ebangeni lesi-7).

Yini i-geography yamazwekazi kanye nolwandle olutadisha? Isayensi ibeka umsebenzi wokuhlola izici zesifunda semvelo yeplanethi yethu. Kuqondene nezinkampani ezinkulu zemvelo zomhlaba - amazwekazi kanye nolwandle. Phakathi kwemingcele yabo, izazi-geographer zizama ukuthola amaphethini ahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi ziqhathanisa izingxenye zomhlaba.

I-geography yamazwekazi kanye nolwandle kuyisiyalo esiqakathekile kakhulu ekukhulisweni kwesizukulwane esincane. Phela, ngaphandle kokuqwashiswa ngabafundi ngezizathu zokuhlukahluka koMhlaba, imfundo yezemvelo ayinakwenzeka , okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso semfundo yesikole.

Amazwekazi nezilwandle yizona zinkimbinkimbi ezinkulu zemvelo zomhlaba

Amazwekazi yilokho i-geography yamazwekazi kanye nolwandle olutadisha kuzo zonke imininingwane nemininingwane. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi ezinkulu zemvelo zomhlaba, eziyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokutadisha noma yimaphi imithetho yemvelo nezinqubo ezenzeka emvilophini yendawo.

Iyini izwe lasekhaya? Lesi yisisindo esikhulu somhlaba, sizungezwe nxazonke ngamanzi e-World Ocean. Kukhona amazwekazi ayisithupha emhlabeni (kwezinye izifunda - 5 noma 7). Ekulu kunazo zonke i-Eurasia, futhi encane kunazo zonke i-Australia.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umhlaba kanye nolwandle ziyasakazwa phezu komhlaba emhlabeni jikelele ngokungalingani (cishe 30% kuya ku 70%). ENyakatho Yenkabazwe, iphesenti lomhlaba liphakeme kakhulu, kodwa eNingizimu - eningizimu yezingu-50 ayikho enye (ngaphandle kweziqhingi ezincane nezinqolobane zezilwane).

Zonke amazwekazi ahlukaniswa izixuku eziningi zamachibi. Kunezinhlanu zazo emhlabeni (abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ezine kuphela): Ukuthula (okukhulu kunawo wonke futhi okujulile kuwo wonke ama-olwandle), i-Atlantic (eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu), i-Indian (efudumele kakhulu nangokasawoti), i-Arctic neSouth. Ukuba khona kolwandle lokugcina yilokho okubangela ukuphikisana okuningi phakathi kososayensi.

I-algorithms yokufunda amazwekazi nolwandle

Amazwekazi kanye nolwandle, uhlobo lwabo, bafundiswa yizifundazwe zesifunda ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezicacile. Ngakho, isifundo nencazelo yezwekazi kuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:

• Indawo yendawo yezwekazi;
• Ubunjani bomfula, kufaka phakathi amaphuzu aphansi komhlaba;
• Isakhiwo sezwe kanye nesakhiwo;
• Imithombo yamaminerali ezwekazi;
• Izimo zomoya;
• Amanzi angaphezulu (imifula, amachibi, ama-glaciers, njll);
• Ukuklanywa kwemvelo kwensimu.

Kanti, olwandle luhlolisiswa ngokusho komunye uhlelo, olufaka izinto ezinjalo:

• Isikhundla sezindawo;
• Ukusiza ngezansi kanye nemithombo yamaminerali;
• Isimo sezulu phezu kolwandle;
• Uhlelo lwama-currents olwandle;
• Umhlaba ophilayo olwandle;
• Izici zokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho ezindaweni zamanzi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Manje uyazi ukuthi i-geography yamazwekazi nezilwandle ziyayifundza. Lesi esinye sezifundo eziyinhloko, ezifundiswa emayunivesithi, ukuqeqesha abagijimi bamazwe kanye nabafundisi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi siyalo ukucabangela izici ezibalulekile kanye nezikhathi ezijwayelekile zendalo yazo zonke amazwekazi nolwandle eplanethi yethu.