I-Zinc ne-zinc hydroxide: izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa kanye nendima emvelweni

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi i-zinc ne-zinc hydroxide isetshenziswa kakhulu ososayensi banamuhla. Futhi umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwawo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekuphatheni okungokwenyama namakhemikhali.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-alloy ye-zinc ngethusi yayisetshenziswa abaseGibhithe lasendulo, futhi kamuva eMbusweni wamaRoma. Kodwa lapha i-zinc ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile ayikwazanga ukuhlukaniswa iminyaka eminingi. Ngo-1746 kuphela u-A. Marggraf wathola le nsimbi ngendlela ehlanzekile. Ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, i-zinc smelting yayisivele isenziwa esikoleni.

I-Zinc: Izakhiwo ze-Chemical kanye nencazelo emfushane

I-Zinc iyinsimbi yobunzima obuphakathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kunesibindi. Kodwa ekushiseni kuka-100 ukuya kwangu-150 degrees Celsius insimbi iba ipulasitiki - ithiqiza amashidi noma ifinyelela nge-thickness of less than a millimeter.

Kusuka endaweni yokubuka amakhemikhali, i-zinc i-athomu enesimo se-oxidation se- +2. Lena yensimbi esebenzayo, ebamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni njengesikhungo sokunciphisa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, emoyeni, lapho izinga lokushisa lifika kuma-degree angama-100, i-zinc iyancipha ngokushesha, ubuso bayo buhlanganiswa nefilimu encane ye-carbonates. Uma umoya unomanzi futhi uqukethe isamba esikhulu se- carbon dioxide, insimbi ishaya ngokushesha.

I-Zinc iyashisa nge-flame eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phambi kwe-oksijeni noma ngesikhathi sokushisa - ezimweni ezinjalo, inqubo yomswakama ihambisana nokubunjwa kwentuthu emhlophe (lena yensimbi yensimbi).

I-Zinc iphendula nazo zombili izakhi ezilula nama-acids nezinye izisekelo, ukwakha usawoti kanye ne-zinc hydroxide, ngokulandelana.

Kuze kube manje, siyazi ngamaminerali angama-66 aqukethe i-zinc - yizona eziwumthombo oyinhloko wokukhiqizwa kwensimbi yezimboni . Isibonelo, umuntu angasho ama-calamites, i-zincites, i-willemite, i-frank-lynith ne-smithsonite.

I-Zinc hydroside: izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali

I-Zinc (II) i-hydroxide nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba isetshenziselwa amagatsha ahlukene embonini yamakhemikhali. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lesi sici i-crystal encane engenambala, engacubunguli kahle emanzini. I-formula ye-hydroxide kanje:

I-Zn (OH) 2

Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi le nsimbi inezinto ezinamandla kakhulu zamamphoteric. I-Zinc hydroxide iphendula ngokujulile nge-acids, ingene ukuphendula kwe-neutralization kanye nokwenza usawoti namanzi. Isibonelo:

I-Zn (OH) 2 + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + 2H2O

Noma kunjalo, i-zinc hydroxide iphendula ngama-alkali, ekwakheni usawoti obunzima namanzi. Isibonelo:

Zn (OH) 2 + 2 NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi uma ushuthukile, lo mzimba ubola ukudala i-oxide namanzi:

Zn (OH) 2 = ZnO + H2O

Ngokuqondene nensimu yesicelo, i-hydroxide isetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ze-zinc, ikakhulukazi usawoti wayo.

I-Zinc nesicelo sayo

Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi i-zinc isetshenziswe kabanzi njengemithi ephikisayo ehlanganiswe nensimbi nensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isamba esikhulu sensimbi esetshenziswa ngamaminerali esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwebhesi neyethusi.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, kumabhethri omile, i-zinc isetshenziswa njenge-anode, futhi isebenza njengesitsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nsimbi isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu (isibonelo, igolide) kusuka ekuholeni. Ezinye izinhlanganisela ze-zinc zibhekwa njengezinto ezivamile ze-semiconductor.

I-Zinc emzimbeni ophilayo

Eqinisweni, kunzima ukugcizelela indima ye-zinc emisebenzini ebalulekile yimuphi umuntu ophilayo, kuhlanganise nomuntu. Naphezu kokuqukethwe okuncane kakhulu, yingxenye ye-enzymes ebalulekile, iqhaza kwinqubo yeprotheyini, ukuphefumula kwamaselula, njll. I-Zinc nayo ibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwama-skeleton we-fetus. Kubonakala ukuthi uma kunesilinganiso esanele samaminerali, ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni ngokocansi nokubonakala komzimba kungenzeka.