Kubaluleka Inorganic Chemistry. namachibi degree

Isimo namachibi - lokhu ekhondishina icala isici athomu e-molecule. Lo mqondo eliyisisekelo kwamakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili, okungenakho ukuqonda kwakhe akwenzeki ukucabanga inqubo ukusabela redox, izinhlobo izixhumanisi amangqamuzana, zamakhemikhali Izakhiwo izici. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini degree of namachibi okokuqala kudingeka siqonde ukuthi ziyini athomu ngokwayo futhi kanjani iziphatha kanjani uma uxhumana ontanga yabo.

Njengoba yaziwa, athomu siqukethe proton, neutron nama-electron. I-proton ne-electron, obizwa nangokuthi nucleons, ifomu kahle icala nucleus electron negative singaxoxi ke. Wayemsola zenuzi HIV ukulinganisela jikelele negative ophethe electron. Ngenxa yalokho, i-athomu hlangothi.

electron Inkonde ngayinye ifakwe umshini othile amandla ezingeni, ebheka ukusondela indawo yayo umnyombo: sisondelene umnyombo - amandla kancane. Basuke ahlelwe izingqimba. Amaelectrons elilodwa ungqimba babe kakhulu ifomu okufanayo ugesi namandla ezingeni noma ungqimba electronic. I electron yangaphandle amandla ezingeni akuyona kakhulu kakhulu nakanjani nucleus, ukuze bakwazi ukubamba iqhaza zamakhemikhali. Elements kokuba ngaphandle usuku olulodwa kuya electron zamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile banikele electron, futhi lezo electron eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa - thatha.

Kukhona futhi izakhi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi amagesi inert, lapho yangaphandle amandla ezingeni yakhiwa electron eziyisishiyagalombili - esiphezulu lemali kungenzeka. Bona cishe ningangeni zamakhemikhali. Ngakho, noma iyiphi athomu ihlose "engeza" yangaphandle electron ungqimba kwabo edingekayo electron eziyisishiyagalombili. Kuphi ukuthola elingekho? Ngamanye ama-athomu. Ngo inqubo chemical yokusabela isici nge electronegativity mkhulu "ucosha" electron isici nge electronegativity aphansi. Electronegativity isici chemical incike isibalo electron Valence ezingeni futhi lihlela amandla okudonsa kwabo nucleus. Into, sithathe ama-electron, icala negative jikelele siba sikhulu kunesijeziso icala omuhle nucleus kuyilapho banikele electron - okuphambene nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, e-elibona nxazonke sulphur oxide SO-mpilo kokuba electronegativity okusezingeni eliphezulu, nesibabule ithatha 2 electron futhi eqala icala negative, kuyilapho sulphur wasala engasenabo electron ezimbili ithola icala omuhle. Kulokhu, degree of namachibi umoya-mpilo ilingane degree sulphur namachibi, kuthathwe uphawu obuhlukile. Isimo namachibi kulotshiwe ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla isici zamakhemikhali. Kulesi sibonelo, njengoba kulandela: S ⁺² O ^-2.

Isibonelo ngenhla oluphakeme lolumalula. Empeleni, ama-electron, elingaphandle athomu eyodwa akakaze adluliselwe ngokuphelele ezinye, aba "evamile" Ngakho-ke, degree of namachibi izici uhlale ezincane kuno okhethwe izincwadi.

Kodwa ukwenza lula ukuqonda yezinqubo zamakhemikhali leli qiniso atinakwa.