Izinhlobo ezinkulu izilwane. izinhlobo Animal: ngezigaba

Ngokwe-mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, bonke hlobo of dalwa emhlabeni ophilayo kancane kancane, izigidi zeminyaka, savela okhokho babo unicellular. eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kungenzeka baye lasuka amakoloni elula. It kungenziwa zilandelwa uma ngaphezulu ukuhlola izinhlobo ezinkulu izilwane. Ukwahlukaniswa uhlukanisa zonke izidalwa ku zinhlobo, imindeni, ama-oda, amakilasi ngokuvumelana isakhiwo sabo futhi izimpawu kwangaphandle, okuyinto lalifundwa ngesikhathi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ukuze wakhe owakho izinhlobo ezintsha kwezicubu isilwane, kwakukhona nemizimba zazingekho okhokho lasendulo. Esigabeni sokuqala kwale ntuthuko kungabonakala nasemkhakheni neziponji. Ngo coelenterates isivele ngokuphelele uzwakalise endoderm futhi yi-ectoderm, kanye iziqalo kwemisipha. Imihlobo ephakeme kwezilwane zinezikhathi isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi isimiso sezinzwa futhi olunye uhlaka izinhlelo. Ukuze uqonde ukuvela kudingeka bacabangele imininingwane izici ezibaluleke kakhulu.

aphansi

Lokhu izidalwa ezincane kokuba olulodwa iseli isakhiwo. Ososayensi wazi mayelana 15,000 zezintaka lenyama. komzimba abo ehlukile, kusukela ekhazimulayo-up osabalalayo quin. Ngokuvamile beyokwakha amakoloni eziyinkimbinkimbi evumela ngezazi zesayensi ukuba zibikezele kanjani izinhlobo zezilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Ingabe yizigaba, kuye ngokuthi izindlela ukunyakaza futhi ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba.

izipanji

I bakudala kakhulu eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Bahlala ikakhulukazi olwandle. Basuke yizigaba ezintathu, kuye ngokuthi isakhiwo lwamathambo. Indlela Yokuphila sinamathele. Ezinye izinhlobo kwezilwane zingabantu abaphikisayo, ngoba izipanji Awekho izitho ezithile nezicubu. Kukhona yangaphandle, ukuvikela umzimba ebusweni, futhi isendlalelo kwangaphakathi akhiwa amangqamuzana esikhethekile collar flagellated. Phakathi kwabo kuyinto mesoglea - ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela omkhulu cell group, ingxenye esiyingxenye lwamathambo.

coelenterates

Izidumbu zalezi izilwane aqukethe ezimbili kuphela izingqimba amaseli azungeze ingaphakathi emzimbeni, ebizwa ngokuthi emathunjini, omunye umlomo. Ifa iziqalo izicubu sezinzwa futhi kwemisipha. Kwegazi futhi uhlelo excretory akuyona. Indlela Yokuphila coelenterates abawuvivinyi umzimba noma svobodnopodvizhnym. Phila, ngaphandle kwabambalwa, ku emanzini asolwandle, beyokwakha amakoloni enkulu. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa jellyfish, amakhorali, hydroids nolwandle anemones.

flatworms

Ploskotelye okukuyo ekuqaleni kohlelo excretory nobuchopho. I ingquza is abakatholakali. Abamele lolu hlobo - hermaphrodites. limenitis futhi flukes - Ukuze lolu hlobo worm ciliated noma turbellarians, kanye ezinye izinhlobo ziphila ngezinto esimila eyakhe.

roundworms

Have ukuvuleka bomlomo nobendunu amathumbu axhunyiwe. Main iqembu - nematodes, kuhlanganise izinambuzane eziningi, kodwa kukhona khulula-eziphilayo. Lokhu legatsha oyimpumputhe ukuvela nomthelela eminye on ukuthuthukisa eziphilayo, leli qembu ayinazo. Lolu hlobo kuhlanganisa izinwele-worm ngaphezulu, rotifers kanye nezinambuzane, avame aphathwe njengodoti ngamaqembu ahlukene.

annelids

Izidumbu yezilwane ezisebenzayo njengalezi yakhiwa izingxenye ngabanye. Ifa isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, umthamo ephezulu ukuvuselelwa esitho iziqalo zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo yesibili umzimba ingaphakathi. Enye, izinhlobo athuthukiswe kakhulu izilwane aye amiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lezi zinguquko. Kusukela zasolwandle annelid izimpethu kwakukhona abameleli amaningana iqembu eyisinambuzane.

clams

Izilwane, okuyinto ngokuvamile echibini umzimba esithambile evikelwe. Ifa sezinzwa kakhulu uhlelo yesibili umzimba ingaphakathi. Kwakukhona ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese inhliziyo - imisipha ukuthi iphampa igazi. Ngo bivalves esingakwazi ukwehlukanisa phakathi umzimba kanye umlenze gastropod - ikhanda. Zihlala kolwandle namanzi okuphuza, futhi liqhube imisebenzi yezolimo.

echinoderms

Izakhamuzi ekujuleni kolwandle. Ubukhulu abamele ngobukhulu musa idlule 50 cm. Uhlobo amakilasi kuhlanganisa sea urchin zidla, izinkanyezi, rose, iminduze nabanye. Indlela Yokuphila benzelwe, kanjalo wazakhela ahlukile echinoderms ezinhlanu-indlela wesimethri. Abameleli uhlobo has a isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, mezodermichesky skeleton yangaphakathi.

arthropoda

izinhlobo avumelekile sihlanganise indawo ebanzi kakhulu. Kuyinto baleli qembu yilabo eyisinambuzane. Lolu hlobo - the ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ecebile zilwane. Izici sici kukhona khona eziyinkimbinkimbi-uhlobo iyezwa a ezikhethiwe ezihlobene ngomlomo - izimpondo, ngokwahlukana okucacile umzimba izigaba, emikhawulweni, ehlanganisa izingxenye nokuhamba kahle. Development aphethwe eyisinambuzane trilobite yokuqothulwa namaqembu bakudala, okuyinto umzali kwezilwanyana ezinamagobolondo futhi arachnids, kuya izinambuzane eliphakeme flying. Millipedes abhekwa isixhumanisi zesikhashana kwemvelo yalolu hlobo.

kuzithinta

Uhlobo kuhlanganisa izinhlobo kanye amakilasi, ahlukahlukene ukubukeka kwabo, indlela yokuphila, imvelo. Izinhlobo ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa ezilwaneni munye kwakheka kwi amaphiko ingxenye tube umzimba, okuyinto maphakathi zonke eziyimpumelelo eziningi, esivikela notochord, uqwanga noma ithambo induku, ukwesekwa lwamathambo. Ukuthuthukiswa abamele amakilasi ezahlukene kungenziwa zalandelwa lichinkohordovyh futhi bescherepnyh (Amphioxus) ukuze kakhulu wezinkawu, zihlakaniphe.

inhlanzi

Kukhona cartilaginous, Lobe noma myasistolopastnye, ithambo. Abamele iqembu lokuqala abe isikhumba obukhulu placoid eziyizici izikali yabo. Roth itholakala ohlangothini engezansi yomzimba, akukho ukukhanya esinyeni bhukuda lwamathambo siqukethe uqwanga.

inhlanzi Lobe ihlukaniswe lungfish futhi Crossopterygii. Lesi sakamuva ivezwa namuhla by uhlobo lwe eyodwa kuphela, ahlala e-Indian Ocean. Bafana kakhulu okhokho eziphila emanzini nasezweni, futhi abe nesithakazelo esikhethekile kubacwaningi, abasekeli imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lungfish benomthwalo gills namaphaphu.

Bone - iyingxenye enkulu abameleli banamuhla ekilasini izinhlanzi. Yiba esinyeni bhukuda, amathambo okuqinile; Skin iningi embozwe izikali, kodwa zikhona ezehlukile eziningi.

amphibia

Njengomthetho, izibungu salezi zidalwa uphefumula gills futhi bahlala emanzini. Lowo muntu omdala ukukhanya, futhi uhlala ezweni. Skin moisturized futhi olungenayo izinwele noma izikali. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa amaxoxo, zintulo, Toads, salamanders.

ezinwabuzelayo

Umzimba embozwe izikali, futhi siphile ezweni emanzini. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi sigaba uye wabusa phakathi lonke inani, kodwa ngemva yindawo kwakuhlezi ezincelisayo. Sinenkosi ezihlukahlukene osayizi, komzimba, yokuphila. Izingwenya, izibankwa, izinyoka, izimfudu bavela ezihuquzelayo.

izinyoni

Anatomically efana ezihuquzelayo, kodwa babengenamduduzi ikhono ngokuzimela lokulondoloza ukushisa komzimba wabo kungakhathaliseki izimo zemvelo. Ngo izinyoni, kwakhiwa kahle engasindi, inhliziyo emine chambered namaphiko ezivumela iningi labo ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa emoyeni.

ezincelisayo

Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba khona nezindlala ekhethekile imfihlo okuyinto zidla amachwane azo. Umzimba ngokuvamile linoboya, zingabantu esinegazi elifudumele, nemilenze Akubuyisiwe ngaphansi umzimba futhi ukhiphe phambili. Ngo ezincelisayo ephakeme, wezinkawu, ukuthuthukisa intelligence efanelekayo kakhulu sokusinda.

Izinhlobo umsoco isilwane

Zonke izidalwa zihlukaniswe izigaba ezingu-3 ngokuvumelana inqubo ukudla:

• ezidla uhlaza. Yidla ukudla kuphela imifino - ulwelwe, utshani, amaqabunga, noma izithelo. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphiva, izinyamazane, unogwaja.

• Izilwane zasendle. Inyama ukudla izinambuzane noma ezinye izilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, frog, ihlosi, ama-lynx.

• omnivorous. Kuye izimo kuma, ungadla kokubili nezitshalo nezilwane ukudla. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhere, chickadee, izingulube zasendle.

ocean ukuphila

Okhokho balezi izidalwa lasendulo kancane kancane ephuma olwandle, okuyinto eyaba sombuso ukuphila Zomhlaba. Lokhu kumikiswa kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningana - ngokusebenzisa ugu ezweni, angenasawoti noma nasemihumeni ngomshoshaphansi. Ngenxa izinguquko ezinkulu kwendawo washintsha nezinhlobo ngcono isilwane nezicubu zazidingeka ukuze siphile. Amanye amaqembu - imikhomo, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni - wabuyela olwandle belandela indlela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo eside.

Manje nabamele iningi amakilasi atholakala ulwandle noma eduze naso. kwezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu izilwane, ikakhulukazi ezingenamgogodla zihlala zinjalo izigidi zeminyaka futhi unento ewusizo olukhulu ekufundeni. Ezinye izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezilwane abhekwa ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, kodwa ekutadisheni kwabo kwasiza zembula uxhumano zofuzo phakathi kwamaqembu ezibonakala ezahlukene. Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekutholakaleni ubunye indoda nemvelo futhi ukuqonda ukufana omkhulu izidalwa eziphilayo.