Eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi: izitshalo nezilwane

Naphezu ukuhlukahluka owumphumela, eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingcono kakhulu ezaziwayo. Zimelela iqembu elikhulu, okubandakanya ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi zilwane. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi anezici ezithile esifana, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, cabangela izindleko imibuso ehlukene, futhi esimweni izilwane - futhi amakilasi.

izakhiwo ezivamile

Isici esiyinhloko uhlukanisa eziphilayo unicellular futhi amaningi, kunomahluko sokusebenza. Yasungulwa ngokuhamba kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho sehlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi, amangqamuzana aqala ukuzihlukanisa ngokukhethekile ngokuhlanganisa izindwangu. Ukusetshenziswa elula ingenye zonke nemisebenzi kudingekile kuphela. Kulesi izitshalo zendabuko kanye isikhunta zaba eceleni njengoba izilwane nezitshalo amaseli futhi babe umehluko omkhulu. Kodwa, futhi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ekuhloleni isihloko. Ngokungafani elula, babehlale aqukethe amaseli amaningi kakhulu, eziningi zazo zinemisebenzi yabo.

ezincelisayo ekilasini

Yiqiniso, iningi owaziwa eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi - izilwane. Kulawa, esikhundleni salokho, waqokomisa ezincelisayo. Lesi sigaba ehleliwe kakhulu ka chordates, okubandakanya ezine kanye zinhlobo ayizinkulungwane nengxenye. abameleli balo wahlangana kunoma iyiphi indawo - emhlabathini, enhlabathini, emanzini ahlanzekile kanye nosawoti, emoyeni. Izinzuzo eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi alolu hlobo phezu nomunye kungaphefumuli umzimba kuyinkimbinkimbi. It ihlukaniswe yaba ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane esifubeni, yebhangqa phambi nemilenze yangemuva futhi umsila. Ngenxa kwelungiselelo elikhethekile imilenze umzimba nezishiwo ngenhla phansi, okuvumela ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya. Bonke bangabangasokile isikhumba okunengqondo obukhulu futhi nokunwebeka ihlanganise umdlavuza umjuluko, okunamafutha, odorous wamabele. Izilwane Yekhanda esikhulu kakhulu ezicutshini eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kube phrenic ukwahlukanisa ekhethekile okuthiwa diaphragm. Peculiar isilwane zezokuthutha zihlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukene - ekuhambeni ukuze ekhuphuka. Inhliziyo has emakamelweni ezine futhi usinika igazi lwemithambo kuzo zonke kwezitho nezicubu. Isetshenziselwa emaphashini ukuphefumula, ukugqamisa - izinso. Ubuchopho siqukethe Mnyango ungeminye yeminyango emihlanu ne ama- cerebral amaningi kanye cerebellum.

izinyoni ekilasini

Ukuphendula lapho izinto eziphilayo - ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa izinyoni. Lokhu ehleleke kakhulu izidalwa ezinegazi elifudumele esekwazi ukundiza. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-anesithoba amawaka zezinto eziphilayo yesimanje. Inani a ezinamangqamuzana amaningi umzimba bafundzi beliklasi lefana Liyindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba zinjalo ezivamile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bahlanganyele emisebenzini sabantu somnotho futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Kwezinye izidalwa izinyoni ihlukanisa izakhiwo eziningana eziyisisekelo. Baye kulayini esifubeni nge forelegs, isimo in amaphiko nomsila, ezisetshenziswa njengendlela ukwesekwa. Izinyoni ihlukanisa isikhumba esomile ngaphandle nezindlala nge zokwakheka Horny eyaziwa ngokuthi izimpaphe. Skeleton mncane futhi iqine, nge izimbotshana emoyeni, ukuhlinzeka ngisahlose yayo. Uhlelo kwemisipha inikeza ikhono ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukweqa, ukubhukuda, ukugibela kanye izinhlobo ezimbili indiza - lama futhi ukubhakuzisa. Izinhlobo eziningi bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Izinyoni abanalo amazinyo futhi khona goiter, futhi umnyango imisipha, ugaye ukudla. Isakhiwo ulimi futhi Uqhwaku incike ukudla lunye.

ezihuquzelayo ekilasini

Kuhle kokusho, futhi lolu hlobo izidalwa, emelela eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Izilwane alesi sigaba kwakungamadodana ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo lokuqala eliwumhlaba. Okwamanje, kukhona angaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha zilwane. Sezilwane ezihuquzelayo isikhumba esomile futhi entula nezindlala, basibekele ungqimba Horny elehla ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi moulting. Luhlala Isikhathi Eside skeleton ossified kuyahluka ehlombe kwagcizelela kanye nebhande okhalo, kanye izimbambo athuthukile nasesifubeni. Ipheshana yesisu lide ngokwanele futhi ngokucacile umahluko, ukudla udliwa usebenzisa emihlathini ngamazinyo abukhali. ukukhanya zokuphefumula betfulelwa enkulu ebusweni, kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi. Inhliziyo uhlukaniswe emakamelweni ezintathu. lokushisa umzimba kunqunywa ndawo. Iziphathimandla ukwaba nezinso esinyeni. kokukhulelwa langaphakathi, amaqanda abekwa emhlabathini ivikelwe obunesikhumba noma igobolondo-igobolondo.

izilwane zasemhlabeni ekilasini

Ebala imishikashika eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, kuwufanele kokusho, nezilwane eziphila ezweni. Leli qembu kwezilwane kwandile, ezivamile ikakhulukazi sezulu esifudumele futhi unomswakama. Baye kahle imvelo eliwumhlaba, kodwa yilowo nalowo abe nobuhlobo ngqo emanzini. izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni livela Crossopterygii. umzimba amphibian uhlukile ukuma flat nokuhlukaniswa ekhanda, esifubeni, futhi amabili namabhuzu nemilenze ngeminwe emihlanu. Abanye futhi anomsila. isikhumba Izacile is elinesimo sebuningini nezindlala lwamafinyila. Uhlaka lwamathambo yakhiwa sebuningini uqwanga. Imisipha ezikuvumela ukuba ukwenze ezihlukahlukene ukunyakaza. Amphibians kuthiwa ezizingelayo, ukudla kugaywe esiswini. izitho zokuphefumula kukhona esikhumbeni namaphaphu. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela kukhona zokuphefumula. Three-chambered inhliziyo amabili ukuzungeza - ngokuvamile isimiso esinjalo zihlukile eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Basuke esetshenziselwa nezinso. Fertilization zangaphandle, kwenzeka emanzini, ukuthuthukiswa senzeka nge baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele.

Ikilasi izinambuzane

eziphilayo Unicellular futhi amaningi, hhayi okungenani kwehluke ezihlukahlukene isimanga. Lolu hlobo kuhlanganisa nezinambuzane. Kuyinto isigaba eziningi kakhulu - sifaka abangaphezu kwesigidi zilwane. Insect izici ikhono fly futhi ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe ezicutshini imilenze jointed. Umzimba ihlanganisa cuticle chitinous, olwelwesini okuyindawo ehlanganisa okunamafutha izinto ukuvikela umzimba kusuka desiccation, UV ukukhanya umonakalo. mouthparts ezahlukene ukunciphisa mncintiswano izinhlobo elikuvumela ukuba ugcine inani eliphezulu ngabanye. Amasayizi ezincane inzuzo obengeziwe okusinda, kanye anhlobonhlobo izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha - parthenogenetic, ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane, elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Abanye futhi kuhluke polyembryony. Zokuphefumula ukunikeza negesi lokushintshisana ngomfutho, futhi isimiso sezinzwa onezinzwa ephelele kudala amafomu eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuziphatha ngenxa imizwelo engokwemvelo.

umbuso isitshalo

Yiqiniso, izilwane ezivame kakhulu. Kodwa kuwufanele kokusho, futhi nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi - izitshalo. Kwabo kukhona mayelana amathathu namashumi ayisihlanu nezinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo. Yehluka nezinye izinto eziphilayo yikhono afeze-photosynthesis. Izitshalo ngukudla nezinye izinto eziphilayo eziningi. amaseli wabo ube izindonga elukhuni le-cellulose, futhi aqukethwe ngaphakathi chlorophyll. Iningi abakwazi ukuzivocavoca ukunyakaza asebenzayo. izitshalo Lower ungenalo ukwehlukana amaqabunga, isiqu kanye impande. ulwelwe Green bahlala amanzi kungaba sihluke isakhiwo kanye zizalela izindlela. Brown kwenziwe nge-photosynthesis fucoxanthin. ulwelwe Red zitholakala ngisho 200 meters ukujula. Ulele - elandelayo Subkingdom. Ziyakwazi ebaluleke kakhulu enhlabathini ekwakhekeni, futhi kusetshenziswa imithi, izimonyo kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali. izitshalo Ephakeme zihlukaniswa khona amahlamvu, izimpande kanye neziqu. I bakudala kakhulu - wona. I amaningi asethuthukile - izihlahla kungaba izimbali, thini noma monocots futhi AmaConifers.

Umbuso isikhunta

Kuyadingeka ukuya uhlobo yokugcina, okungase kube eziphilayo multi-amaselula. Amakhowe sihlanganise izici kokubili ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zilwane. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi eziphilayo amaseli wabonakaliswa ngokucacile kakhulu amakhowe - bayakwazi nokuzala ngu ezinhlamvu, synthesize amavithamini kanye ngithule, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba izilwane ungadla heterotrophically ongalifezi photosynthesis futhi chitin, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ezitholakala eyisinambuzane.