Uyini nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni?

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi emfuleni emhlabeni omude kunayo yonke - iNayile. Nokho, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe nososayensi eziningi ucwaningo ngafunda ukuthi akunjalo. Ukusebenzisa idatha etholwe kusukela iziphuphutheki, bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ummeleli kwelivekati le-Afrika akukona, kodwa namanje wawungaphansi Ubude Amazon. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi kwaba kusimo yesibili emhlabeni (by prodolzhitlnosti). Ubufakazi ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni, ngakho-ke, ithi: 'Kuyini nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, manje ungakwazi ukusho i-Amazon, ephinde iyona acebile kakhulu ngokuphepha.

ucwaningo wamavukelambuso

Ubude ubuqhawe phezu umfula oyinhloko abameleli South America iplanethi waphelela "wezwe National Center for Space" eBrazil. Sekuyisikhathi eside Babetadisha ke ngosizo idatha satellite ngesisekelo izibalo bomkhankaso yososayensi-Peruvian kanye Brazilian. Iqiniso lokuthi e-befeza umthombo yalo entsha yokubambisana Amazon uyaziwa engasekelwa etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho Peru, njengoba kwakucatshangwa, nasezintabeni eningizimu isimo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi kuyinto zonke nomfula omude kunayo emhlabeni, ososayensi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ubude abameleli eNingizimu neMelika kwaba mayelana 6.800 amakhilomitha, kuyilapho ukuthi saseNayile - mayelana 6695 amakhilomitha. Ukuze uthole ngokuthe ngqo ubude besikhathi kuyinkinga, ngoba incike ngokunemba umthombo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubhekwe ukuba i-Amazon, namanje kuyoba isikhathi eside.

indawo

Nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni zivela e-Andes, ePeru, ezingeni ukuphakama okuyinto 5000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi iphela Atlantic Ocean. Mfula kugeleza insimu lamazwe ezifana Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia ne-Brazil. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi pool salo kwesigamu amabili wemifula emikhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Ngempela ezithakazelisayo iyona iqiniso lokuthi eziningi zalezi Amazon itholakala endaweni Brazilian, ogama labantu okhuluma isi-Portuguese.

incazelo jikelele

Enkabeni yalo kuba nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni uhlelo ehlanganisa ihlathi angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini nemifula ezincane. Ubude ingqikithi zonke nemifula yakhona ingaphezu 25 ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha, kuyilapho pool endaweni - abayizigidi ezingu 7.2 amakhilomitha square. Ndawonye naye Atlantic Ocean agelezela oda nanhlanu zonke izinqolobane angenasawoti planethi. Ivolumu ukumnika omkhulu kangaka, ukuthi ukwakheka, umbala kanye usawoti lamanzi olwandle kuyahlukahluka amabanga phezu amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-300 ukusuka ogwini. Amazon okuzelwe ngokusebenzisa ekubumbaneni Maranyon futhi Ucayali. Endaweni delta zayo zangaphakathi - ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane amakhilomitha square.

Indawo ne-Amazon, okuyinto 135 amamitha ukujula enkulu, iseduze port Obitus. Lokhu value ingafaniswa a kusho of the aseBaltic Sea inkomba efanayo. Isizini owomile nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni nge amanzi awo lwalumboze indawo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 110 amakhilomitha square. Lokhu kulinganisela ukhula ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngezinkathi zemvula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma esimweni sokuqala ububanzi emfuleni isesikhathini amakhilomitha 11, ngesikhathi yesibili kungashiwo okunikezwayo amakhilomitha 40. Ngezinye izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ubude ingqikithi lo mfula kuyinto imikhumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ungaya ngisho ulwandle imikhumbi bakhuphuke emlonyeni emzini Manaus, elise amakhilomitha 1690 kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele yokuthi emfuleni isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, eyaziwa ngokuthi Marajó, ingabe ku-Amazon.

Umsuka kwegama

Ekhuluma igama nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ingasaphathwa umsuka wegama elithi. Mlando Iningi futhi abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isuke yanikezwa conquistadors Spanish. Futhi iqiniso, lapho laba bahlaseli European lawela phezu izwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, kuye kwadingeka bavumelane empini nezakhamuzi ngokuvamile. Phakathi kwabantu bendawo, kuhlanganise amadoda nabesifazane balwa ngesibindi. ngokufutheka nesibindi sakhe owesifazane oyiNdiya wakhumbuza legend Spanish we Amazons kusukela endulo. Umcabango conquistadors bahlabeka umxhwele kangangokuthi kahle ukuthi babiza mfula wendawo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi empeleni alwa kuphela amadoda, ngubani, ngenxa ezinde wayethunjiwe kwabesifazane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, igama nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni yasungulwa abaseSpain ngesikhathi.

Biota

flora Local Yisimanga umcabango womuntu ngoba ukwehlukana kwayo. Namhlanje, ososayensi bakwazi peruse lwesithathu okungenani eyodwa yezingxenye zayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi cishe u-25% wabo bonke elisetshenziswa imithi ezweni okwelapha izithako herbal kuthiwa ekhishwe ngokunembile emahlathini zendawo. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ahlukahlukene kuyinto nezilwane. In the Amazon kuhlale cishe ngo-1500 ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphezu. Omunye zilwane engavamile kakhulu - kungcono inhlanzi-inkunzi, ukufinyelela amakhilogremu amakhulu amahlanu isisindo namamitha amane ubude. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lapha (kuhlanganise amabhange) kukhona abangaba ngu-250 zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo 1,800 zezinyoni. Omunye abameleli ovelele nezilwane zendawo waqala pink angenasawoti amahlengethwa, bakwazi yokuzingela ngisho ehlathini enezikhukhula. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele inombolo enkulu Piranha - izinhlanzi okuzingela abaye baba owumthombo horror ngoba ebhayisikobho.

izihlahla Amanzi

Omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka, okuyinto idume nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni - idume izihlahla giant obujwayelekile amanzi, okuyizinto umlomo wawo, eduze kwedolobha elincane laseBelene. Befinyelela-imitha ezinhlanu uphawu ngesikhathi ibambene umqulu kanye komfula. Le nqubo kwenzeka ngesikhathi wasolwandle amagagasi, futhi kuhambisana ukubhonga eqinile. Imiphini ninamandla ngakho, ukuthi okungase kuthintwe ngisho at ibanga 1400 amakhilomitha emlonyeni Amazon.

ukuvakasha

Amazinga air ku usebe lwawo unyaka wonke ku ekupha 26 kuya 28 degrees Celsius. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi esingcono ka ngonyaka ukuvakashela Amazon kubhekwa ukuna. Ngokuphathelene kwesikhathi okungekuhle, kubhekwa kuzoba intwasahlobo, olungena ngezinkathi zemvula. Ngu mayelana Septhemba amanzi zivame ukufiphala kanye bares amahlathi endawo kanye nasezindaweni zokubhukuda.

okutholakele

Kufinyeta, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izingxabano phakathi ochwepheshe njengoba okuyinto nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, sekuqaliwe manje. Kule ndaba, akukho kungabaza ukuthi izinsolo kanye nobufakazi ososayensi Brazilian inselelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, futhi ubude Nile eminyakeni yamuva ishintshile. Nokho, ngokungafani Amazon, umfula oyinhloko we-African kancane sehle. It mfushane kanye nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwalesi Aswan edamini kwesigubhu Nasser, okwaqala ngo-1960.