Ezimakethe zomhlaba zezimali: izici eziyinhloko

I global ezimakethe zezimali zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu zithenga yokuboleka le mali dolobha ka kuzakhamizi zamazwe ehlukene. Waqala ukuthatha ukuma ngawo-60, lapho beqala ngenkuthalo ungene ukuthengiselana ikakhulukazi phakathi abamele emazweni ahlukahlukene, ukuthi, sekube ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi ngamazwe.

Ngo inqubo ukuhlanganisa izinkampani eziningi ezivela emazweni ehlukene waqala ukwakha izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, izinkampani okuyizinto khulula ukuze bafeze imisebenzi yabo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele. Lokhu, nomthelela tekuhlangana nezimakethe zangaphakathi kwezwe, futhi kamuva kwakhiwa ezweni zithenga zezimali. Lokhu kwenzeke sibonga zomthetho izimali zikahulumeni nokunciphisa imingcele yayo. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane kwezomnotho phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili kwenziwe emakethe, ngenxa ngcono njalo computer ukuthuthukiswa izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana.

I global ezimakethe zezimali kanye oyiyo.

Uma sicabangela inkulumo ethi "ezimakethe zomhlaba zezimali" njengoba ekwelapheni imali ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele, ke kunemibandela ihlukaniswe zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. izimakethe zezimali Domestic zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: imisebenzi emakethe e izimali zakwamanye amazwe kanye kazwelonke. Lesi sakamuva, yebo, ithatha ingxenye enkulu imisebenzi wezwe okuqhubekayo, ukuthi, umsebenzi ka-ukudayiswa kanye ukuthengwa yimuphi izibambiso noma ezinye izimpahla zenziwa kuphela lwemali yezwe. Imakethe lapho ukuthengiselana ukuvikeleka izimali zakwamanye amazwe, akuyona enkulu ngokwanele e isikali zemisebenzi, njengalena langaphambilini, futhi kuncike control esiqinile nguhulumende.

I global ezimakethe zezimali futhi kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezifana ezimakethe zangaphandle. Kwangaphandle ukuze izwe ubhekwa emakethe yamanye amazwe lapho ukunyakaza imali e lwemali ukuthi State. It is evamile ihlukaniswe angaphandle ngamazwe futhi Euromarket. Ngo ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele kukhona ukuthengiselana lwemali ingeyona ezweni umkhiphi izibambiso. Nokho, asikho isidingo ukudweba igama parallel "Euromarket" nge indawo yayo ngokwebalazwe, noma tie it ukuba uhlobo olulodwa lwemali, okuyinto kubhekwa ngamazwe e-Europe.

Global izimakethe zezimali ngezinye izikhathi kubukwe ngokuya ukuzungeza elithi imali. Ngokusho lokhu ngezigaba kungaba ahlukanisa labo amathuluzi imali emakethe avuthiwe esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka. Futhi ama-asethi ngawo ukuba afeze imisebenzi ethile ngaphezu konyaka owodwa, njengoba umthetho, adayiswa emakethe dolobha. Market yesikhathi esifushane amathuluzi yemali ivumela izinkampani ezahlukene kanye namafemu ukulondoloza solvency zabo siqu futhi zezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukwandisa inhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe, ibhodi yebhange enquma ukwandisa isibalo nokwabelana. Ngakho, ibhalansi ezimisiwe izimali siqu futhi kungadingeki ukuba iphendukele zokweboleka ezivela kwamanye amabhange amakhulu noma izinhlangano.

Ngokwe-isici ekushayweni emhlabeni kwezimakethe sehlukaniswe zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Ngaphansi eyinhloko kusho emakethe lapho izimpahla adayiswa ngqo esikhishwe wezitifiketi. Emakethe yesibili izibambiso ithengwa nezinye izinhlangano kwezomnotho asebethole uthenge ngaphambilini issuers yabo.

Isakhiwo eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke kuncike kakhulu imfanelo yenhlangano, owawuthi it is ihlukaniswe yaba isitokwe futhi angahlelekile. On the lolungakahleleki emakethe ukuthengiselana kungaba kwenziwe ngomkhulumeli noma ngokuqondile phakathi kwezinhlangano, ngaphandle kokudabula i isheke ezengeziwe. Izinzuzo ku ukuthengiselana okunjalo avame ukuba ephakeme kunaleyo kuyoba ezimakethe zamasheya, njengoba kukhona ingozi kahle eliphezulu kwezimali okuzenzakalelayo. Ezimakethe zezimali ehlelekile, ngamunye ukuphepha is licwebile, ngokuthi hlu. Yingakho abanikazi amafa ungaqiniseka ukwethembeka, futhi ingozi ukuthengiselana okunjalo kukhona ephansi kakhulu, echaza imali ephansi.