Izimoto, Amaloli
I-DAF XF 95: Uhlolojikelele lwama-tractor units (izici, izibuyekezo)
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yaseDutch emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemishini engxenyeni yaseRussia, kanye namanye amazwe asezindaweni eziseSoviet-post ayitholanga ukuthandwa nokusabalalisa kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwezikhungo ezincane zokuthengisa kanye nezinsizakalo, kunalokho, kunesidingo kunokuhlala njalo. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imishini ye-DAF izwa kabanzi. Zivame ukukhulunywa ngabashayeli bamaloli, futhi izimoto ngokwazo zisebenza ngempumelelo emabhizinisini asekhaya.
Okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okuvame kakhulu yi-model DAF XF 95. Imoto enenombolo yesibonelo enjalo iye yakhiqizwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Inombolo enkulu yezizukulwane ezihlukahlukene zenziwe, zivumelaniswe nezimo zanamuhla. Umshini wokuqala we- DAF onenombolo engu-95 uvele emuva ngo-1987.
Umlando wendalo
I-tractor yokuqala ene-model model 95 ephuma emhlanganweni ibuyele emuva ngonyaka we-87 wekhulu lokugcina. Kwakuyinto elula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imoto enokwethenjelwa. I trekta DAF XF 95 yayimiswe njengemoto eyenzelwe ukuhamba isikhathi eside futhi njalo. Ibanga eliphelele elihlanganiswe ngonyaka laliphakeme kakhulu kunamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150.
Ekugcineni kwaba yimoto enesidingo esiqinile emakethe yemishini enjalo. Inkampani uDAF, ngenxa yamamodeli angama-95 no-85, yakwazi ukuzihlanganisa emakethe yemoto yaseYurophu. Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe ayimi endaweni eyodwa, futhi isinqumo sokuthuthukisa imodeli engu-95 yabonakala emva kweminyaka eyishumi yomsebenzi othembekile. Sekuvele ngo-1997, kwafakwa inguqulo entsha, ebaluleke kakhulu.
Imoto ethuthukisiwe ngegama elibuyekeziwe
Ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga zokumaka, igama le-model libizwa ngokuthi i-alphabetic. I-DAF XF 95 - lo mbhalo wawusemzimbeni wetrakta. Izinhlamvu ze-XF ekuhunyushweni kwangempela kusho "ukuzwakala okukhulu". Lesi yisitatimende ngabanjiniyela benkampani ukuthi badale inqubo engasebenza ngokusheshisa ngokugcwele. Lawa kwakungewona amazwi angenalutho noma ukunyakaza kokumaketha: ngaphansi kwe-brand XF kufihla ukukhuthazela kanye nobunikazi obukhethekile bemoto.
Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nokukhishwa kwe-version entsha ye trekta ye-DAF XF ibonakala endaweni yaseRussia. Izinketho zokuqala (kubalulekile ukuphawula, hhayi ezishibhile kakhulu) akuzange kudumise abathengi. Ngenxa yalokho, umshini ukhokhe ngokuphelele. I-DAF XF 95 emakethe yesibili yayingabizi kakhulu kunezakhamuzi zayo, kodwa ayizange ithinte ukuthandwa kwabo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Babethanda ugandaganda ngokusebenza kahle nangokuthembeka.
I-Cabin
Abathuthukisi bacabangela zonke izimvo futhi badala ikhamera entsha, lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhula okugcwele futhi uhambe kahle - akukho okuvimbekile. Ngaphakathi kwakukhona izindawo ezimbili, ezilungiselelwe ukulala. Izikhwama zokulala zazixhunywe ngezinga le-ergonomic. Abanjiniyela baboleka lobu buchwepheshe kusukela ochwepheshe bembonini yokwakha imoto. Ishalofu elingenhla lalilinganayo.
Umhlobiso wekhwalithi yangaphakathi nekhwalithi kanye ne-ergonomics emihle kakhulu yathonya ukuthandwa kwe-DAF XF 95. Ingaphakathi ayikho ubuhle, kodwa konke kuhlanganiswe ngokwanele ukuze kusetshenziswe kalula amadivaysi. Nsuku zonke emigwaqweni yomphakathi yalabo tractor bayanda.
Ingxenye yamandla
Ekuqaleni, i-XF yayinezinjini ezingu-12.7-litre. Ama-diesel ama-diesel ahluke komunye nomunye ngamandla amakhulu, aphakathi kwamabutho angu-380 kuze kube ngu-483. DAF 95 XF 430, izici ezihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, zazithandwa kakhulu kumakhasimende. Le moto iyinhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yamandla nomnotho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amayunithi ayenamandla kakhulu.
I-injini entsha yaziqhayisa ngamanzi angu-14, ngenkathi iqala amabutho angu-530, ahambisana namanani ase-EURO-2 asemukelwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuba ugandaganda u-DAF XF 95 avele emakethe yaseRussia nasemigwaqeni yamazwe e-CIS, kwakudingeka ukuhlanza kakhulu injini. Okokuqala, abaklami bafaka esikhundleni se-electronics, njengoba sakhiwe ngokusekelwe ekubalweni okwenziwe ngokwendlela yokulinganisa yaseMelika. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-electronic adluliselwa ohlelweni lwe-metric. Ngisombulula zonke izinkinga nge-block block-decoder eyengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ushintshe amavolumu kwinethiwekhi kusuka ku-12 V, eyamukelwa e-United States, ku-24 V, evamile emakethe yaseRussia.
Esikhathini seminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintsha ngokuvuselelwa
Ngo-2000, i-DAF XF 95 ishintshe ukubonakala kwayo, ezinye izinguquko zobuchwepheshe zenziwa. Ukumaka kwe-XF kushintshe indawo yayo emzimbeni, kwasala ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Manje isibonakaliso esiziqhenyayo sasihlobisa uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwe-bonnet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathuthukisi bakhetha ukufaka esikhundleni sezinjini zaseMelika. Kwakukhona izizathu eziningi zalokhu, okwenze kube nzima ukusebenza izimoto eYurophu naseCIS.
Ukuhlukumeza okuyinhloko kwezitshalo zamandla aseMelika kungukuphefumula kokubonakalayo okungcolile. Iziteshi zegesi eziningi zaseYurophu naseRussia ezimweni eziningi azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli uzoba ngekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphazamiseka ezenzekayo, ezihambisana nokusebenza okungazinzile kwe-motor kanye nesistimu ephethe ukuphindwa kwamagesi okukhipha.
Inkinga yesibili ebaluleke kunazo zonke izingxenye zokungcebeleka zangempela. Uma izingxenye zangasese zaseDutch eziqala zithola kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-America iyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yamandla yomshini yayingaphansi kwesikhashana futhi esikhundleni senjini.
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe
Esikhathini seminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintsha uDAF XF 95 weza ngesithuthuthu esisha, okwaba yindawo engcono kakhulu esikhundleni sama-American analogues. Njengeyunithi yamandla i-injini ebeka uphawu lwe-XE390C ngevolumu lama-12 amalitha isetshenzisiwe. Kuyinto encane kakhulu futhi ilula, kodwa noma kunjalo ayizange imvimbele ekuthuthukiseni amandla angama-530 amalitha. Nge. Le nguqulo entsha isivele ihambisane nemigomo ye-EURO-3.
Ukudluliselwa akuzange kushintshe kuphela. Kuzo zonke i-XF 95 kwakukhona iphuzu lokuhlola kusuka ku-ZF yenkampani. Lokhu kuyithunyelwa kwebhukwana le-16 ngesivinini nge-separator eyengeziwe. Lolu hlobo lokwakhiwa luyathandwa phakathi kwamatrakta alaleli klasi, ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukusebenza, kanye nokuhlala kwayo. Isikhathi esinconyelwe sokufaka esikhundleni sokugcoba eMKPP singama-90,000 km.
Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zokudluliselwa okuzenzekelayo, ngezimoto ezingu-12 no-16-speed, kodwa zikhiqizwa kuphela ngokulandelana kwangaphambili.
Imishini yokushayela
Ngaphambi kokumiswa okwesikhashana kwekilasi elinikeziwe lemishini. Emuva - i-pneumatic, ihlanganiswe nesistimu yokulawula eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Emakethe yesibili, ungathola i-DAF 95 XF, isici sayo esizohlukahluka kakhulu kulabo abathandwayo. Isibonelo sinesibhuloho esengeziwe sokuphakamisa, ezikhathini eziningi kungokwakhiwa kwe-chassis ka-6 kuya ku-2.
Kule nguqulo ebuyekeziwe, amabhisikidi amadala amadala ashintshwe yizinsuku zanamuhla - ama disk. Lolu shintsho olungabalulekanga luye lwathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezokuphepha kwemoto.
Ukunakekela Ekuphumuleni
Ukukhishwa kwemoto nge-DAF XF 95 ukumaka kwaqhubeka kuze kube ngo-2007. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-DAF yaqala umugqa omusha we-tractor obizwa nge-XF 85 no-CF 95. Lezi zibonelo ezimbili zaba abawamukeli be-XF eyingqayizivele 95. Baqhubeka benqoba imigwaqo kanye ne-autobahns, kodwa nge gear yokugijima yesimanje. Kwakukhona ama-extrack absorckzed absorck kanye nekhabini elisha. Isizukulwane esisha sikhanyisa kakhulu futhi sihlala isikhathi eside.
Ukubuyekeza
Iningi labanikazi likhuluma ngeDAF XF 95, izici zobuchwepheshe ezikwazi ukucisha idatha kwanoma yimuphi umncintiswano, njengenye yamatrekta angcono kakhulu ekilasini. Kodwa akuyona into enhle njengoba ibonakala ekuqaleni.
Abanye abashayeli bathi uma beqhuba imoto ezindaweni ezihlukumezekile zaseRussia, ilahlekelwe kakhulu yizimbangi zayo. Indawo kuphela "egulayo" yeloli yindawo yokuhlola. Abaningi bakhononda mayelana ne-shaft yesibili ephethe, kanye namagesi we-gear demultiplier gear. Into esabekayo kakhulu ukuthi akunakwenzeka njalo ukukhomba iphutha kusengaphambili. Inkinga ivela esikhathini esingenakusihlwa kakhulu, nakuba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto igibela ingenalutho emgwaqweni omkhulu futhi ngesivinini esiphezulu noma elula ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Uma kunezinkinga zokuthwala, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuvala igeyimu. Uma ukuthunyelwa kuqhubeka, futhi inkinobho ye-demultiplexer ayisebenzi njalo ngesikhathi - lokhu kuyisignali yokuqala ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuya enkonzweni ukulungisa ukuhanjiswa. Siyajabula ngokuthi izingxenye ezithengiwe zingabizi kakhulu kunomncintiswano oseduze we-IVECO.
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