KAMAZ, uhlelo ukupholisa: idivayisi iphinde ukulungisa

Uhlelo ukupholisa isakhiwo imoto kubalulekile ukugcina umthamo injini yokusebenza. izimoto Eduze Kama imoto isitshalo kokupholisayo luyehluka in the ububanzi 80-120 ⁰ C. Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinga lokushisa injini ifinyelela 220 ⁰ C, kuba ngisho kucace kakhudlwana ukubaluleka ekhethekile ohlelweni injini indlu.

Izici futhi izakhi ezibalulekile

KAMAZ, ohlelweni ukupholisa okuyinto cishe liyefana yini ezincwadini zasendulo ngokufanele. Endabeni ngeziphambeko imoto injini nokusongela enkingeni enkulu. Uhlelo izakhi eziyisisekelo cishe iyafana izimoto nezimoto:

• Ukuphola kurediyetha;
• futha amanzi;
• amapayipi;
• amath-;
• Ukuphola fan.

Omunye umehluko kusuka ohlelweni ukupholisa akuyona ngokushesha kubonakala Umbuso izimoto - khona 2 amath-. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko isici isakhiwo injini. V emise eziyisishiyagalombili ikhanda ezimbili isilinda ngokufanele ngesikhathi esingaphansi 90 (kungakho igama layo liyi) engela ^0. Izici ezilandelayo - amakhethini phezu heatsink. Ngo kubanda, basuke isikhundla avaliwe futhi uvumele injini esheshayo gaphambi.

Isibandisi (KAMAZ 740) sakhiwa wokubacindezela fan bamba. idrayivu elawulwa ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ijubane fan, kanjalo ngamandla ukupholisa injini.

Isifunda kohlelo ukupholisa

Isibandisi (KAMAZ 740) has a wesifunda ejwayelekile ngalo okulula ukusiqonda umsebenzi avelele. Lesi sibalo sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi uhlelo wemoto ukupholisa kuyinto avaliwe ophoqelelwe kwegazi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni. Ijubane lokuya nje isuke ibangelwa futha amanzi (30). I kokupholisayo agelezela umgodi wokuqala kwesokunxele isilinda ebhange bese ngokusebenzisa ngeshubhu ngalo ingaphakathi kwelungelo isilinda ebhange.

Ngemva ketshezi siyodlula izinhloko isilinda, kuyoba ngokwemvelo heats. I-elementi elandelayo ndlela thermostat (17). Lapha, kuye ngezinga of Ukushisa uketshezi noma buyela emuva futha (indilinga encane) noma kurediyetha ukupholisa (10). Sesipholisanjini (ngokuvamile 3-noma 4-irowu) ngenkuthalo epholisa le emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni uqeda isiyingi esikhulu, eqondisa kokupholisayo ukuba futha.

Isifunda kohlelo Ukupholisa (KAMAZ) kuboniswe Fig. Kukhona i tank ukunwetshwa (21) ngesivalo (22) kanye crane ukuqapha ezingeni okusamanzi (20). Fan umhlangano bamba (9) elawula ijubane nesiqondiso kokupholisayo ukugeleza. It kucushiwe ezingeni lokushisa 85 ⁰ C. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni lapho injini kufanele kugcinwe ku uhla 85-90 ⁰ C. Ukuze uthuthukise komoya ngokusebenzisa fan inikezwa diffuser. Uma kwenzeka uketshezi ngokweqile lokushisa Ukupholisa uhlelo (98 ⁰ C) on the ithuluzi panel inkomba isibani ikhanyisa.

Ubuthakathaka kohlelo ukupholisa

Ukuze uqale, bheka, ngalokho okungase kwenzeke ngisho ne ohlelweni ukupholisa ka zesitimela. Izinkinga empeleni okungaka:

• ukugeleza;
• okweqile we emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni;
• hypothermia;
• Cooling uketshezi ngokufaka uhlelo uwoyela.

Isibandisi Ukuvuza ngokuyinhloko kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amapayipi kwakwakhe, futhi ijika lokugcina ukwa (ngokuhlaziya) injoloba hose. Ngakho-ke, omunye ubuthakathaka ohlelweni - amapayipi. KAMAZ, ohlelweni ukupholisa onikeza ukwehluleka, iqala ukuba 'sihlupheke "futhi overheat. Ngempela, uma Isibandisi level lehla, Ukushisa jikelele kohlelo kwandisa. Sekuvele kukhona eduze okweqile. Ukuqeda ukuvuza kubalulekile qinisa zonke ngokucophelela futhi pressurize ohlelweni lonke.

Iphuzu lesibili ababuthakathaka kungaba azimisele amath-. Esimweni ukwehluleka kwalesi sakhi njengoba okweqile kungenzeka futhi injini supercooled. It kuncike isikhundla lapho valve lajwayeleka. Uma thermostat ivuliwe, uketshezi "sihambahamba" eduze oyibanga ngokusebenzisa kurediyetha. Endabeni evuthayo-up injini lowo onganikeli injini ukuxoxa. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo okwengeziwe wavula amakhethini, motor kungenziwa supercooled.

Uma thermostat ivaliwe, akukho emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ingena kurediyetha futhi ngokushesha ukufuthelana ngu injini esishisayo. Okwesikhathi esithile, isimo silondoloza fan (Kamaz). Uhlelo ukupholisa iyeke ukuphatha kanye esishisa bhé emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni kuqala, bese injini.

Ingxenye yesithathu umugqa ubuthakathaka kuyoba ukupholisa fan bamba. Uma engakwenzi, le yokwenziwa Ukupholisa uhlelo ngokusebenzisa kurediyetha ngeke ukudonsa. Uma ukubukeka imoto kanye nesikhathi ukwenza izivivinyo zokuvimbela ngocingo ezindaweni "ezisolisayo", azikho izinkinga ohlelweni ukupholisa akuyona kukufanelekele ukulinda.

Ukuphola kurediyetha (KAMAZ)

Cabanga zonke izingxenye ezinkulu kohlelo Ukupholisa ngokwehlukile. Futhi uqale neqiniso lokuthi ngowokuqala Ubamba iso - kurediyetha.

Cooling uhlelo (KAMAZ 5320) has e oyiyo 3-noma 4-irowu ukupholisa kurediyetha. Wenziwe uhlobo classical futhi imele:

• kwesigubhu engezansi, okuyinto efanelekayo esidayisa ipayipi;
• uhlelo ephakathi ye amashubhu ahlelwe imigqa eziningana;
• ethangini eliphezulu supply ipayipi.

Sesipholisanjini Ukukhweza enamaphuzu amathathu. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ubakaki is abethela, nakho ngokusebenzisa izakhi Damping anamekwe amalungu Uhlaka ohlangothini. I yasibamba ngaphansi kurediyetha ixhunywe cross-bar Uhlaka №1.

Isici esikhethekile isakhiwo kurediyetha (Kamaz) kuba phambi amafasitela. Lolu hlelo mechanical izingcwecwe zensimbi ezilula, okuyinto emabhuloki ukufinyelela ku ukugeleza komoya ngokusebenzisa kurediyetha. Blinds kulawulwa elula ikhebula ukukhululwa ngokuqondile abanikeze asebenza nabo. Uma isibambo is zisishulwe, kusho ukuthi amakhethini zivaliwe, futhi uma kungenjalo - zivuliwe. Unalokhu kubanda injini lifudumeza up ngokushesha.

fan

KAMAZ Ukupholisa fan ogibele shaft kanye elihlangana uketshezi ngaphandle emelelwa iyizingxenye ezinhlanu. Kuye izinga lokushisa kwe-bamba injini ngokuzenzakalela akhanyiswe futhi off. Fan ngokuvumelana nalezi inclusions noma njengoba usebenza noma ayisebenzi uma elihlangana uketshezi zibukele uzungeza nokusondelana komoya.

Ukuze kuphumelele kangcono umoya ukukhipha kohlelo injini Ukupholisa (KAMAZ) ine phezu bezinhlamvu fan. Wenziwe izingcwecwe zensimbi ishidi nge isibhakela. Siyabonga kuye, emoyeni ageleza kahle kuphela kurediyetha ngohlangothi binda.

Cooling elihlangana uketshezi

Ukuphola kudivayisi (KAMAZ) has ukubunjwa salo enjalo esibalulekile njengoba elihlangana uketshezi. Injongo eyinhloko yale divayisi - the torsion ngobulili kusukela crankshaft ukuba injini imoto Ukupholisa fan. Endabeni kushintsha torque uketshezi elihlangana aluyidambisi nokudludliza, futhi fan njalo egijima kahle, ngaphandle jerks.

Ikhipha coupling uketshezi yakhiwa namasondo amabili ukuphotha ku shaft, ngokusebenzisa amabombo e zezindlu. inombolo ehlukile izindwani: 33 kuya phambili kubo, futhi eliqhutshwa - izindwani 32. Phakathi coupling uketshezi ine umgodi yangaphakathi okuyinto isebenza. Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa ingaphakathi ukusebenza kwenzeka torque engu yokudlulisela lapho ligcwele uwoyela.

elihlangana Fluid ohlelweni ukupholisa ukusebenza, kubalulekile ukuthi amafutha engine kulo wathola. Lokhu kungenxa switch, okuyinto has izikhundla ezintathu. 3 sihambisana ezintathu uvala inkinobho izindlela wokusebenza fan:

• othomathikhi;
• ukusebenza okuqhubekayo fan;
• Fan off ngokuphelele, bamba ayihambisi torque kusukela crankshaft.

Kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo Ukupholisa (KAMAZ Euro 2) usebenza ngokuvumelana isikimu akhiwa abaklami. Okungukuthi, kuze kube kokupholisayo lokushisa 86 ⁰ uwoyela C akusho iyangena ingaphakathi ukusebenza futhi wokubacindezela fan bamba off. Futhi ngokwandisa inkinobho lokushisa kuvula namafutha agelezela elihlangana uketshezi, kanjalo ukuvula fan.

Uma inkinobho bamba unephutha (injini overheats), kunconywa ukuyifaka endaweni ne ukutholakala njalo we elihlangana uketshezi. Futhi emva iphutha ubuyele esimweni okuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze ezimweni lapho imoto kuyalinqoba amazibuko ezijulile, isimo inkinobho Kunconywa ukubeka esimweni avaliwe bamba.

futha amanzi

Cooling System (Kamaz) kungenye esibalulekile - futha amanzi. umsebenzi Its main - nokusakazwa kokupholisayo kulo lonke uhlelo injini indlu. Ngaphandle-ke awukwazi ukwakha ukugeleza omuhle endleleni efanele. Futhi endabeni ukwehluleka umsebenzi injini kuyoba ngaphansi mbuzo.

ingaphakathi langaphakathi ukusebenza kwe-futha avikelekile lwezimpawu. Ngokuba nokuvimbela eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa e futha has a lubricator, lapho kuyinto elula ukudonsa amafutha. Isiphathi sibonakaliso ngokugcwalisa ukuvulwa okuyothi ngokweqile igrisi okubuyela emuva. evamile "Litol" lisetshenziswa uwoyela. Ukuze ufunde mayelana yobunzima we bezinhlamvu futha, kukhona amanzi imbobo ekhethekile. Uma ugobhozela ke lwezimpawu ungazindeli, futhi kumelwe ithathelwe.

Izilawuli kanye nokuxhumana

Cooling amashubhu (KAMAZ) kuzakuba kuhle ngaphansi kweso. Endabeni uxhumano eyayivuza kungenzeka ulahlekelwe semali kokupholisayo futhi overheat motor. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe emalungeni amapayipi kusukela kurediyetha, futha amanzi thermostat.

Ukuphola amath- banesibopho ekuphathweni emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni notshwala. Ngokwandisa lokushisa uketshezi 80 ⁰ C uqondiswe kurediyetha, isb kwegazi ngaleyo ndlela iqala ukulandela "oyibanga". Kule ngxenye ukugeleza iyachubeka ngokusebenzisa "indilinga lencane". Kuphela ezingeni lokushisa 93 ⁰ C. Valve "yamaphaphu" avaliwe ngokugcwele futhi zonke kokupholisayo kugeleza kurediyetha injini.

uhlelo Cooling

Cooling System (KAMAZ 740) akahlukile amamodeli odlule. Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-740-euro motor aduduze 0, Euro 2, Euro 3 kanye Euro 4 akazange wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni ukupholisa. Ngakho, yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze best sevisi yesistimu?

Isenzo sokuqala ngqa udinga ukwenza nsuku zonke, uma imoto eziqhutshwa, it is kuhlolelwe ukuvuza kulo lonke uhlelo (ulandele iminonjana avuzayo) bese egcwele emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ezingeni Kunconywa. kokupholisayo Sheer ehlobo kungenzeka amanzi avamile, futhi ebusika - the emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni qualitative noma emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni. Ukuze zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinzima lasenyakatho bangene ohlelweni ukupholisa efakwe bafudumale.

imisebenzi Okunye inkonzo, okuyinto uqhuba isimiso lifanele lifake hlangana:

• ngu ibhande ukungezwani;
• futha amanzi yesondlo (Lubrication amabombo plus ukuhlolwa nezimpawu esikhundleni);
• hlola tensioner drive ibhande;
• ingcindezi egcwele ukuhlola uhlelo ukupholisa;
• izinga ukulawula emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni futhi esikhundleni yayo kungenzeka;
• siwasebenzise uhlelo uma kwenzeka odla eqinile.

ingcindezi test

Isibandisi (KAMAZ 65115) Kufanele ube impermeability ephelele. Visual wokuhlola muhle, kodwa awukwazi ukukhombisa zindawo sesizoqala egeleza. Ukubona ubuthakathaka enjalo muhle ukusebenzisa gauge ingcindezi bese ekhiphela ukudala ingcindezi.

Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo ngokwanele ukuba crimp elingenhla kurediyetha itheku futha ingcindezi, ukuqala injini futhi ubukele manometer. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, futhi uhlelo ayinakho okususiwe, isandla sensimbi ngeke kushintshe isikhundla salo. Uma kungenjalo, uma inaliti iqala ukwehla, thina kuphela ukuthola indawo eziyinkinga.

Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla kokupholisayo

Lapho udinga esikhundleni ketshezi Ukupholisa uhlelo iyonke, akunjalo ezingavamile. Inketho elula - ubusika lamelana nabo, futhi uhlelo amanzi elula. Futhi, esikhundleni kungadingeka uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwa uketshezi Ukupholisa yayo izakhiwo noma ukungcoliswa ezinzima.

Likhono uhlelo Ukupholisa (KAMAZ) 25 amalitha. Kulawa, elithi a amanzi "ihembe"-18 amalitha. Ukuze bavale isikhala salo oketshezini umkhiqizo wokuqala abakhwabanisi ubudala. Ukuze lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvula aphansi kurediyetha valve cwenga umphini ku umzimba nokushisa futha ohlelweni Ukushisa, kanye amaphayiphi kokunikeza uketshezi ohlelweni cab bafudumale. Ungakhohlwa uyasikrufulula cap ukunwetshwa ethangini.

Uma uketshezi uhlangane ngokugcwele, bonke valve zivaliwe. A lonke ivolumu kohlelo Ukupholisa (KAMAZ) ligcwele ngokusebenzisa ithangi ukunwetshwa. emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni okusha kuyakhethwa kuye isikhathi sonyaka kanye nezimo imoto yokusebenza. Akufanele badukise thina kokukhethwa kukho e namakani enhle. coolants Domestic abe nesiqeshana ezifanayo kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo elihambisana ezindinganisweni izinga ngamazwe.

Siwasebenzise ohlelweni ukupholisa

Thela ohlelweni ukupholisa kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Endabeni ukungcoliswa okuncane kungenziwa siyakazwe ngamanzi plain. Ngenxa yale njongo, Isibandisi ubudala amuncekela, kodwa kunalokho is wathela amanzi. Injini iqalisiwe futhi sekuqala ukufudumala at lutho. Ngemva kwalokho, amanzi kukhishelwa, futhi umjikelezo is liphindwe izikhathi eziningana kuze kube yilapho ahlanzekile.

Uma ukungcoliswa abalulekile kakade, kungcono ukusebenzisa egeza ekhethekile esiphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kunokwehluka okusheshayo lapho siwasebenzise omane ukungezwa ku emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ubudala bese zonke okuhlanganisiwe. Kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa isixazululo okugeza lapho kokupholisayo ubudala ibilokhu akhanywa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile "ihembe" injini yokuhlanza izixazululo iyokwehluka. Sesipholisanjini ukupholisa uhlelo kufanele ahlanze ngokuhlukile yokuhlanza iyashelela. Ukuze lokhu Sekutholakele 2.5% isixazululo hydrochloric acid.

Ukugeza izici okufanele uqaphele ukuthi isiqondiso ukugeleza ngesigezo kufanele kube okuphambene inkambo evamile ketshezi lwaluyophola. A isimiso esiphumelela kangcono ngeke siwasebenzise amanzi ukugeleza, noma ikhambi chemical ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Ukuxazulula

Isibandisi (KAMAZ 5320) kufanele isebenze ngaphandle ukuphambuka kusuka ukuhlolwa ukuhlolwa. Kodwa izimo zihlukile, futhi iphutha engase ivele kungalindelekile. Ulwazi ubuthakathaka ohlelweni lizosiza ukukhomba inkinga ngokushesha futhi siyixazulule kuyo leyo ndawo.

Ukuphulwa uhlelo yobunzima ibangelwa ekutholeni indawo ukuvuza futhi bawabulale yayo kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuhlolwa njalo ngokwanele ezibukwayo. Ungene wonke amaphoyinti uxhumano, futha amanzi, kurediyetha, bamba. Imibhobho esemzimbeni bakhathale ngesikhathi esifanayo kangcono nje esikhundleni. Irediyetha avuzayo luqedwe ngu nokunamathisela ngomthofu noma ukuthulisa amashubhu abavuzayo. Isinqumo esikhundleni kurediyetha esithathwayo ngamunye, ngoba ngempela maintainable wageza kahle uma isusiwe.

Gqoka noma ngokuhlukana we ukuthola drive ibhande kungcono ukuxazulula esikhundleni. Uma kukhona izinsolo eliphansi umsebenzi amath-, zingabantu elula ukuhlola Ukushisa ethangini engezansi kurediyetha. At lokushisa 85 ⁰ C, okungukuthi, lapho valve thermostat iqala ukuvula, ithangi kumelwe kulungele. Uma kungaqali ke, valve ayilungile futhi kufanele kufakwe thermostat.

Cooling System (Kamaz Euro 2) akahlukile yabo ngaphambili futhi kamuva kakhulu. Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ohlelweni Ukupholisa ayafana e izici zabo. Omunye iphutha elinjalo - eba kokupholisayo ohlelweni Lubrication. Kungaba ukubona ukwehla emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni wayengenawo namancane avuzayo. Isizathu kungenziwa igqoke gasket isilinda ikhanda, futhi kuqhume ngokusebenzisa uphawu iyunithi imikhono. Inkinga isixazululekile ngokufaka esikhundleni bakhathale injini gaskets.

isiphetho

Car Care kufanele kube njalo futhi olubanzi. Akekho izinhlelo zayo kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo amalungelo. Kulokhu, kahle kuya ulwazi ubuthakathaka imoto ethize. KAMAZ, ohlelweni ukupholisa okuyinto akanayo izinkinga, wena namanje kufanele kuhlolisiswe njalo futhi ube yesondlo egcwele.