Incazelo amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kanye nosayizi Jupiter uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaplanethi

Jupiter iyona iplanethi yesihlanu eLangeni, kwekulu zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Stripes futhi curls ezindaweni zayo kuyabanda umoya ifu overclocked ehlanganisa ammonia namanzi. Isibhakabhaka ugxile hydrogen ne-helium, kanye owaziwa Omkhulu Red Spot - isiphepho giant lokhulu kunomhlaba, baqhubeka amakhulu eminyaka. Jupiter lizungezwe 53 izinyanga kuqinisekisiwe, kanye izikhathi 14, for ingqikithi 67. Ososayensi unesithakazelo kakhulu izinto ezine ngobukhulu zatholakala e 1610 by uGalileo: I-Europe, Callisto, Ganymede futhi Io. Jupiter Ubuye izindandatho ezintathu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukubona, they are cha njengoba nenhle nesika- Saturn. Iplanethi yaqanjwa ophakeme unkulunkulu wamaRoma.

osayizi ngokuqhathanisa we Sun, Jupiter ne-Earth

Kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga iplanethi Ususe isilinganiso kwezigidi ezingu-778 amakhilomitha, okuyinto 5.2 amayunithi yezinkanyezi. Ngalesi ibanga, ukukhanya kudingeka imizuzu 43 ukuya giant igesi. Jupiter sika sayizi weLanga iyamangalisa ukuze barycenter labo ngaphesheya ukukhanya kobuso ku 0.068 of engaba yayo. Iplanethi EwuMhlaba olukhudlwana futhi obukhulu kakhulu. ivolumu yabo isilinganiso 1: 1321 nesisindo - njengoba 1: 318. Kusukela maphakathi ebusweni usayizi kaJupiter e km 69911. Lokhu izikhathi 11 ebanzi kuka iplanethi yethu. usayizi uJupiter eMhlabeni ingafaniswa kanje. Uma iplanethi yethu kwaba penny, lowo mdondoshiya igesi kungaba nge basketball. Usayizi ilanga futhi Jupiter ububanzi isilinganiso 10: 1, futhi ungqimba planethi 0,001 inkanyiso mass.

Orbit futhi ukujikeleza

Ngesikhathi giant igesi usuku emfushane zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Naphezu usayizi Jupiter, ngosuku emhlabeni sithatha amahora angu-10. Isikhathi esingaba mnyaka revolution uzungeza ilanga kuthatha cishe 12 Umhlaba iminyaka. Yenkabazwe esitshekile isihlobo kundlela yayo esemkhathini nje 3 degrees. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Jupiter uzungeza cishe esimweni mpo futhi akanayo ushintsho olunjalo evelele kwezinkathi zonyaka ezenzeka kwamanye amaplanethi yethu futhi.

kumiswa

Planet kwakhiwa kanye naso sonke isimiso sonozungezilanga iminyaka 4.5 billion edlule, lapho amandla adonsela phansi kwaholela lasungulwa ngothuli rotary kanye negesi. Ubukhulu of Jupiter zibangelwa yokuthi wathatha ingxenye enkulu yesisindo ezisele ngemuva kumiswa izinkanyezi. umthamo wayo kuyizikhathi ezimbili ephakeme kunaleyo lonke ndaba nezinye izinto zesimiso sonozungezilanga. It siqukethe le izinto esifana inkanyezi, kodwa ubukhulu iplanethi i-Jupiter ayizange yona ikhule ngokwanele ukuqala Fusion ukusabela. edlule yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine abaphathwa iminyaka, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi umdondoshiya igesi yaso ekhona yangaphandle zesimiso sonozungezilanga.

isakhiwo

Ukwakheka Jupiter lifana libalele - ikakhulukazi-helium ne-hydrogen. Deep umfutho womoya kanye lokushisa kuyanda, ukugxisha igesi i-hydrogen ku ketshezi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ocean Jupiter ngobukhulu esimisweni sonozungezilanga, ehlanganisa i-hydrogen esikhundleni amanzi. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi at a mhlawumbe kulo muzi omaphakathi ukuze maphakathi iplanethi ukujula, ingcindezi iba ezinkulu ukuze electron zama-athomu ye-hydrogen kuthiwa sicindezelwe, ukuyivala ibe metal ketshezi kagesi conductive. Ukujikeleza okusheshayo giant igesi okukulo imisinga kagesi ukukhiqiza namandla amakhulu kazibuthe. Kuyinto ayikaziwa ukuthi kukhona iplanethi core ephakathi ye impahla okuqinile, noma-ke awugqinsi isobho esishisa bhé yensimbi namaminerali silicate (asebenza ngebhethri enjalo) ne lokushisa kufika ku-50 000 ° C.

ebusweni

Ngenxa giant igesi, i-Jupiter akanayo indawo kweqiniso. Planet siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo ka ukujikeleza amagesi futhi uketshezi. Kusukela mkhathi ngeke ufike Jupiter, ngeke bakwazi ukundiza bese bengenamiyocu kulesi sigameko. nezingcindezi ezedlulele okushisa ekujuleni wayichoboza iplanethi, ancibilike futhi vaporize umkhumbi ukuthi azozama kuwo.

Isibhakabhaka

Jupiter libukeka zakhe isithombe esinemibala bands ifu futhi izindawo. Negesi iplanethi cishe has ezintathu ezihlukene ifu ungqimba e "esibhakabhakeni" salo, esiwulwazi ndawonye ukumboza mayelana 71 km. Phezulu siqukethe ammonia ice. Isendlalelo phakathi kungenzeka ukwakha zinhlayiya of ammonium hydrosulfide, futhi yangaphakathi - ice namanzi umusi. Imibala egqamile bands obukhulu ku-Jupiter kungase kwekhabhoni isibabule amagesi phosphorus-equkethe ukhuphuka uvela kugcwele. Ukujikeleza okusheshayo iplanethi kudala vortex notshwala obunamandla, ukwabelana efwini amabhande eside ebumnyameni futhi esishintshashintshayo elikhanyayo.

Ukungabi khona eqinile uyakwazi kancane, i-Jupiter ivumela amabala iqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Planet ihlanganisa angaphezu kweshumi nambili ka waleso, abanye ukufinyelela ijubane 539 km / h enkabazwe. Ubukhulu iRed Spot ku-Jupiter kabili njengoba ububanzi njengoba Earth. Ezemfundo ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa okusaqanda kubonakala emhlabeni giant iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300. Muva nje, ezintathu okusaqanda elincane elamiswa endaweni encane ebomvu, okucishe kube isigamu Usayizi umzala emikhulu. Ososayensi okwamanje ukuthi laba ovals nemidwa ozungeza engajulile iplanethi noma asabalala abe kude ekujuleni.

Okungabangela ukuphila

Wayekanye imvelo Jupiter sika cishe ungakuvumeli ukuba impilo njengoba sazi. Izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye izinto lwaleli iplanethi kungenzeka eyeqisayo futhi sibulala eziphilayo. Nakuba i-Jupiter kuyinto endaweni engalindelekile ngoba izidalwa eziphilayo, okufanayo ayikwazi wathi ngezinye izinyanga zayo eziningi. Europe - yezindawo okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba ufune ukuphila esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga. Kukhona kuwubufakazi bokuba khona ngaphansi kuqweqwe obandayo olwandle olukhulukazi lapho ukuphila zingakwazi ukondleka.

iziphuphutheki

amancane amane amakhulu amaningi iziphuphutheki of Jupiter akha wesimiso sikanozungezilanga in yesikhumbuzo. Kumasathalayithi iplanethi 53 kuqinisekisiwe, kanye 14 yesikhashana, okunikeza ingqikithi 67. Kulaba iziphuphutheki elisanda kutholakala, izazi zezinkanyezi libike futhi International Astronomical Union wabanika ukuqokwa yesikhashana. Njengoba nje omise zabo kuqinisekisiwe, bayoba zifakwe inani unomphela.

Izinyanga ezine ngobukhulu - Europa, Io, Callisto futhi Ganymede - abangu eyaqala ukutholwa ngawo 1610 by sezinkanyezi uGalileo Usebenzisa inguqulo ekuseni kwesibonakude. Lezi izinyanga ezine manje yezindawo ejabulisa kakhulu ucwaningo. Io umzimba kakhulu volcanically asebenzayo zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ganymede - kwekulu wabo (sikhulu ngisho nangaphezu iplanethi Mercury). I-satellite ngobukhulu Jupiter - Callisto - has asemigodini encane kancane esibonisa ukuthi ngezinga lamanje eliphansi umsebenzi ngaphezulu. An olwandle of namanzi izithako ukuphila kungaba zilala kuqweqwe obandayo yeYurophu, okwenza kube ilitshe ulingeke cwaningo.

izindandatho

Kutholakele ku 1979 nge NASA "Voyager 1" amasongo Jupiter yayiyiminyaka ukumangala, kusukela awabhalwanga izinhlayiya amnyama yobukhulu ezincane, okuyinto ingabonakala kuphela ngokumelene ilanga. Idatha esuka mkhathi "uGalileo" bathi kungenzeka uhlelo indandatho ezakhiwe uthuli zamatshe interplanetary iphahlazeka kwezinyanga encane kwangaphakathi.

magnetosphere

Negesi Magnetosphere giant - isifunda isikhala ngaphansi kwethonya namandla amakhulu kazibuthe planethi. Lolo hide luqala ngo kuya ibanga km 3.1 million Sun ukuthi izikhathi 7-21 amasayizi uJupiter tapers ngesimo umsila ngunoshobishobi at amakhilomitha 1 bhiliyoni, ukufinyelela i-Saturn-orbit. A elikhulu kazibuthe ezikhathini 16-54 onamandla ngaphezu komhlaba. It uzungeza ne iplanethi futhi ithumba izinhlayiya nge kagesi. Eduze Jupiter abambe umtshitshi izinhlayiya icala futhi ukusheshisa ukuba amandla eliphezulu kakhulu, ukudala emisebeni okukhulu ukuthi bombards kumasathalayithi eliseduze futhi ulahlekelwe mkhathi. Amandla kazibuthe abangela umuntu umxhwele kakhulu auroral esimisweni sonozungezilanga-pole planethi.

cwaningo

Nakuba i-Jupiter yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukufundwa kokuma lokuqala enemininingwane le mbulunga zenziwa uGalileo e 1610 usebenzisa isibonakude lasekuqaleni. Kungekudala wahambela mkhathi, iziphuphutheki kanye iphenya. 10 th-11 th "Amaphayona", the 1 no 2 "Voyager" ukuze Jupiter lokuqala landizela ngo-1970, futhi ke "uGalileo" wathunyelwa ku-orbit giant igesi, kanye emkhathini yehliselwa uphenyo. "Cassini" wenza izithombe eningiliziwe iplanethi endleleni eya a Saturn eseduze. Mission Okulandelayo "Juno" bafike endaweni Jupiter ngoJulayi 2016

tentakalo

• 1610: uGalileo Galilei wenza kokuma lokuqala enemininingwane planethi.
• 1973: lokuqala mkhathi "Pioneer 10" ewela ibhande elisemkhathini futhi uya igesi giant.
• 1979: I "Voyager" lokuqala nelesibili wathola entsha izinyanga, izindandatho mlilo ku Io.
• 1992: 8 Februwari landizela esidlule Jupiter "nangokuthi u-Ulysses." Gravity ishintshile trajectory mkhathi kude indiza ye Ecliptic, ezihambayo probe uzungeza emzileni yokugcina eningizimu nezingongolo enyakatho ilanga.
• 1994: esifundeni Nenkabazwe oseningizimu Jupiter ishayisane izingcezwana enomsila we Shoemaker-Levy.
• 1995-2003: mkhathi "uGalileo" kwehla uphenyo emkhathini we-giant igesi futhi agcinwe eside kokuma le planethi, izindandatho yayo kanye iziphuphutheki.
• 2000: "Cassini" wenza indlela yayo esiseduzane Jupiter at ibanga eyizigidi eziyi-10 amakhilomitha square, kokwenza enemininingwane kakhulu umbala KaMose isithombe giant igesi.
• 2007: I izithombe ezithathwe mkhathi NASA okusha Horizons endleleni eya Pluto, yabonisa nombono omusha iziphepho asemkhathini, amasongo, Io wentaba-mlilo nokubalela ezineqhwa Europe.
• 2009: I-izazi zezinkanyezi yabukela enomsila noma elisemkhathini ku Nenkabazwe eningizimu kule planethi.
• 2016: umkhankaso ngo-2011, "Juno" weza Jupiter futhi waqala e-ukujula izifundo wesibhakabhaka kule planethi, oyiyo ezijulile magnetosphere futhi injongo zokuthambekela umsuka waso nokwanda kwemvelo.

Pop Culture

Usayizi omkhulu Jupiter akuzona yalutho futhi khona layo okuphawulekayo ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso, kuhlanganise uhlelo lwe-TV, imidlalo yamavidiyo, emakhomikhi. I-giant igesi isibe iphuzu elibalulekile ku-sci-fi nodade movie Wachowski "Jupiter Ukwenyuka", iziphuphutheki ezahlukene iplanethi babé abode "Cloud Atlas," "Futurama", "Halo" nezinye amabhayisikobho amaningi. In the movie "Men in Black", lapho Agent J (Will Smith) wathi omunye wothisha bakhe okwabonakala kuye kusukela Venus, Kay ejenti (Tommi Li Dzhons) wathi ukuthi empeleni ezisuka kwenye izinyanga Jupiter.