Ukuphakama zaseHimalaya. ZaseHimalaya - kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke

ZaseHimalaya - kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ogama lakhe ngesi-Sanskrit ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "indawo lapho iqhwa izimpilo." Akhiwe eNingizimu Asia, lezi zintaba ehlukanisa Indo-Gangetic plain kanye Tibetan ithafa. Nangu abaseduze kakhulu amaphuzu esibhakabhakeni eMhlabeni iplanethi, okuhlanganisa i-Mount Everest, indawo ephakeme (zaseHimalaya evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ophahleni emhlabeni"). Waziwa nangokuthi ngelinye igama - Mount Everest.

entabeni ngemvelo

ezintabeni zaseHimalaya kuyinto ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo landscape. ZaseHimalaya amanga ensimini ka wonke emazweni amahlanu: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China nePakistan. Ezintabeni zivela imifula emithathu ngobukhulu futhi enamandla kunazo - Indus, iGanges ne-Brahmaputra. Izimila nezilwane zaseHimalaya kuyinto encike ngqo kwi sezulu, imvula, engamamitha ezintabeni nemibandela umhlabathi.

Ukuze unyawo ezintabeni ezizungezile endaweni has a sezulu elishisayo, kuyilapho ice esiphakade neqhwa amanga yeziqongo. kwezulu Lonyaka ukwenyuka isiqondiso esivela West eMpumalanga. eliyingqayizivele amagugu zemvelo futhi ukuphakama zaseHimalaya angaphansi ukushintshwa ngenxa sezulu izinqubo ezihlukahlukene.

izici geological

ZaseHimalaya - Mountains eNingizimu Asia, ehlanganisa ngokuyinhloko yamadwala sedimentary futhi edidayo. Isici esiphawulekayo emaceleni ale ntaba kukhona transconductance yabo neziqongo ezembethe njengomuntu isiqongo noma yokhalo embozwe iqhwa angunaphakade iqhwa bangazihluphi indawo engaba yizigidi 33 amakhilomitha square. ZaseHimalaya, okuphakama kwawo ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela cishe ayisishiyagalolunye amakhilomitha kukhona ngokulinganiswa ayemncane kuqhathaniswa nezinye, ngaphezulu lasendulo entabeni izinhlelo Zomhlaba.

Kanye eminyakeni million 70 edlule, plate Indian namanje uqhubekela bese ihamba ibanga 67 amamilimitha angu ngonyaka, futhi phezu olandelayo iminyaka engu-10 million, ke izoya 1.5 km ohlangothini Asian. Active kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa phezulu komhlaba kwenza futhi ukuthi ukuphakama zaseHimalaya liyakhula kancane kancane ekuphumeni mayelana 5 amamilimitha angu ngonyaka. ezincane ezinjalo Uma unganakile, ngesikhathi izinqubo abe vlyanie ezinamandla ngokuya Geological, ngaphezu, endaweni ingahlalisekanga iphuzu zokuzamazama komhlaba umbono, ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela ukuzamazama komhlaba.

ZaseHimalaya uhlelo emfuleni

ZaseHimalaya kukhona imali lesithathu ngobukhulu ice neqhwa emhlabeni ngemva Antarctica-Arctic. Le ntaba imayelana 15,000 izinguzunga zeqhwa, aqukethe angaba yizinkulungwane 12 cubic amakhilomitha nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. Izindawo eliphakeme embozwe yiqhwa unyaka wonke. Ukuthatha kwaqala Tibet Indus kuyinto emfuleni kunawo futhi iningi ogeleza egcwele, okuyinto agelezela abathandekayo neziningi ezincane. Ngulona logeleta ohlangothini southwesterly lonke elaseNdiya, Pakistan kanye uyothela oLwandle Arabian.

ZaseHimalaya, obude engxenyeni yalo eliphakeme ifinyelela cishe 9 km, elinesimo ezihlukahlukene enkulu emfuleni. Imithombo yamanzi eyinhloko iGanges-Brahmaputra umcengezi kukhona iGanges, le Brahmaputra kanye Yamuna. Brahmaputra ixhunywe iGanges Bangladesh, futhi ndawonye baqhubeka iyangena eBay of Bengal.

entabeni Lake

The esiphezulu zaseHimalaya echibini Gurudongmar Lake Sikkim (India), itholakala endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-5 amakhilomitha. Eduze zaseHimalaya kukhona inqwaba amachibi olunothile, eziningi zazo zitholakala ezingeni ukuphakama esingaphansi 5 amakhilomitha ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amanye amachibi ezibhekwa engcwele eNdiya. Nepal Tilicho echibini entabeni namathafa emhlabeni Annapurna ingenye kakhulu emhlabeni.

Omkhulu zaseHimalaya izintaba aqukethe amakhulu namachibi amahle eNdiya angomakhelwane Nepal naseTibet. amachibi zaseHimalaya ukunikeza Luhambo ekhethekile ezinhle namathafa entabeni, iningi lawo embozwe ezinganekwaneni zasendulo kanye izindaba ezithakazelisayo.

Umthelela sezulu

ZaseHimalaya abe nethonya elikhulu kumiswa sezulu. Kuphazamisa ukugeleza emimoyeni ebandayo owomileyo ube yiziphethu ohlangothini eningizimu, okuvumela ukuba yinkosi eNingizimu Asia isimo sezulu esifudumele. Owenza esasiyisivikelo esingokwemvelo yezimvula (okubangela iziphepho ezinzima), ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwabo ngasenyakatho. I Sierra kudlala indima ethile kwetinhlavu ezingwadule Taklamakan futhi Gobi.

Ingxenye esemqoka zaseHimalaya uwela ngaphansi izici ithonya subequatorial. Ehlobo kanye spring sizini ngempela ashisayo: nezinga lokushisa ifinyelela 35 ° C. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-eziphephweni zahlulelwa semali kwezulu kuyi-Indian Ocean, lapho ke ewela phezu nasemithambekeni eningizimu.

Abantu namasiko zaseHimalaya

Ngenxa izici zezulu zaseHimalaya (Izintaba e-Asia) ziziphilela ezigqagqene izifunda. Iningi labantu liphila ezindaweni ezisezansi. Ezinye zazo baziphilise yabo njengoba iziqondiso izivakashi futhi abahambisana abaqwali abeza anqobe ezinye iziqongo. Izintaba isithiyo ngokwemvelo izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka. Bayeka nokwenziwa labantu Chinese futhi izingxenye sangaphakathi Asia nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele.

Kwezinye izizwe zisekelwe kuyi-zaseHimalaya Ukhahlamba, okungukuthi ku North-Eastern India, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, izingxenye West Bengal nabanye. Kuphela Arunachal Pradesh siphile izizwe ezingaphezu kuka-80. ezintabeni zaseHimalaya - omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni nge inani elikhulu ezisengozini yokuqothulwa izilwane, ukuzingela kuyinto umsebenzi popular eduze zaseHimalaya. Izinkolo eziyinhloko ubuBuddha, Islam and Hinduism. Famous inganekwane zaseHimalaya indaba mayelana snowman ophila endaweni ethile ezintabeni.

Ukuphakama zaseHimalaya

ZaseHimalaya avuke cishe 9 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Bona ukunweba ibanga amakhilomitha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 2.4 kusuka Indus Valley entshonalanga kuya Brahmaputra Valley empumalanga. Ezinye amagquma njengengcwele phakathi bendawo, futhi amaBuddha amaningi futhi amaHindu bathatha uhambo kulezi zindawo.

Ukuphakama isilinganiso ngamamitha zaseHimalaya zigcwele izinguzunga zeqhwa ifinyelela izinkulungwane 3.2. Intaba ekhuphuka, eyathandwa ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, isibe umsebenzi oyinhloko izivakashi kakhulu. Ngo-1953, u-Edmund uHillary eNew Zealand kanye Sherpa Tenzing Norgay aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukugibela i-Mount Everest (iphuzu esiphezulu).

Everest: ukuphakama ezintabeni (zaseHimalaya)

Everest, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Mount Everest, kuyinto iphuzu esiphezulu kule planethi. Kuyini ukuphakama entabeni? ZaseHimalaya, eyaziwa kunzima ukufinyelela iziqongo, edonsa izinkulungwane zezivakashi, kodwa umgomo wabo oyinhloko - ukuphakama Mount Everest 8.848 amakhilomitha. Le ndawo - ipharadesi izivakashi abangakwazi ukucabanga ngokuphila kwami ngaphandle ingozi futhi kakhulu.

Ukuphakama zaseHimalaya edonsela inqwaba entabeni abaqwali okuvela emhlabeni wonke. Njengomthetho, abalulekile zobuchwepheshe nge bagibela imizila ethile awekho, kodwa Everest igcwele nezinye izingozi eziningi, ezifana ukwesaba izindawo eziphakeme, ushintsho ngokushesha izimo zezulu, yokushodelwa umoya futhi ipheshulwa enamandla kakhulu umoya.

Ososayensi baye ncamashi usethe ubude zonke zokhahlamba Emhlabeni. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha satellite NASA. Ukale budze entabeni ngamunye, waphetha ngokuthi 10 kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke 14 ezweni ezintabeni zaseHimalaya. Ngayinye yalezi zezintaba zingezakhe ohlwini olukhethekile "-thousanders eziyisishiyagalombili". Ukunqoba kuzo zonke lezi iphakama kubhekwa iqophelo ubuhle umgibeli.

izici zemvelo on emazingeni ehlukene zaseHimalaya

ZaseHimalaya jungle izimbuku, elise esinqeni ezintabeni ngokuthi "Terai" futhi 'zinezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kwezimila. Lapha ungathola imitha-5 emahlozini utshani, izihlahla zesundu ukhukhunathi, Izinhlobo, futhi bamboo zamahlathi. Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme amakhilomitha 400 metres 1.5 kuyinto strip kwamahlathi ezimanzi. Ngaphezu izinhlobo eziningi ezihlahla ekhula lapha magnolia, ezisawolintshi kanye camphor umfire.

Ezingeni eliphakeme (2.5 km) kwemayini isikhala egcwele siluhlaza emahlathini nakwezifudumele kanye lezihlahla, lapho kungabonwa mimosa, Maple, cherry, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela, oki, cherry zasendle, entabeni moss. amahlathi coniferous ukunweba phezulu endaweni engamamitha 4 km. Ngalesi kokuwa, izihlahla ziba ezincane, esikhundleni izimila ensimini ngesimo utshani nezihlahla.

Kusukela 4.5 km phezu kogu lolwandle kukhona zaseHimalaya zone ice okuphakade neqhwa. Izwe isilwane futhi ahlukahlukene. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ezizungeze sezintaba, ungase uhlangane amabhere, izindlovu, antelopes, obhejane, izinkawu, amahhashi zasendle, izimbuzi kanye nezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo. Lapha butholakala eziningi izinyoka izilwane ezihuquzelayo, okuyinto iyingozi kakhulu kubantu.

ZaseHimalaya - aphakeme Ukhahlamba Emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje phezulu Dzhomolungma (Everest) sesinqobe mayelana 1200 izikhathi. Kubandakanya at esiqongweni umuntu wakwazi ukuthola eminyakeni engu-60 futhi nantathu ingane, futhi ngo-1998 iwine phezulu lomuntu lokuthoma abanokukhubazeka.