Indlela oLwandle Olumnyama: ewa emfuleni

Omunye akude kakhulu kusukela izilwandle izilwandle emhlabeni - oLwandle Olumnyama. Itholakala ku enkabeni yaleli zwekazi futhi ixhunywe Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa sisebunzimeni. Esemgwaqweni ngasogwini lwalo Ukraine, eRomania, eRussia, Bulgaria, Abkhazia, Turkey, Georgia. Ngo oLwandle Olumnyama okuyinto imifula? Yikuphi amazwe oLwandle Olumnyama? Lezi zinkinga zihlanganiswe isihloko.

Black Sea pool

Lokhu ulwandle, kanye yoLwandle iCaspian, uzungezwe nxazonke ezweni. Nokho, awukwazi bakubiza nkinga: emigwaqweni emincane Bosphorus elamukelayo amanzi zivela olwandle. River, okuyinto agelezela oLwandle Black, kugcwele amanzi ukuthi wenzani-ke ngoba a amamitha ambalwa phezulu zidlule Atlantic ezingeni, ngalo ixhunyiwe ngokusebenzisa sisebunzimeni. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi Bosphorus kuya oLwandle Marmara ushukumisela phezu kwenye - kungeyona. Cishe ikota yebahlali Europe, emngceleni amanzi imithambo ithela kulo oLwandle Olumnyama. Yini imifula kuwo? Olubanzi nabakhulu. Bona ukunweba ensimini, izikhathi eziyisihlanu endaweni kolwandle. angenasawoti imithambo enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu abe nomthelela omkhulu phezu yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene eduze komlomo. Amanzi, kabili fresh ezingaphezu kuka olwandle, ayivumeli izilwane eziningi zasolwandle abahlala oLwandle Olumnyama. Nokho, phytoplankton yakhe luningi yasakazwa kabanzi.

Umfula elikhulu umcengezi Black Sea

Yini imifula ku Sea? Kuyinto iDanube enamandla futhi esongelayo, Dnieper ezihlatshelelwa abantu, Dniester sinuous futhi umnene futhi Bug Southern unflappable, nezinye ukhombise impilo Rioni River. Engaba yikhulu angenasawoti imithambo, ezinkulu kanye nezincane, ukuletha amanzi abo Black Sea.

Umfula kakhulu esilazayo ngokugcwele iyona iDanube. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke e-EU - kuvela eJalimane futhi odabula amazwe uthi eziyishumi futhi ageleza emngceleni Romania nase-Ukraine e oLwandle Olumnyama. Yini imifula ku iDanube? elusa Small Alpine kanye Carpathians lokuqoqa amanzi kusukela European emaThafeni: Tees, Sawa, Prout iVáh nabanye. IDanube ugeza ogwini capitals amaningana aseYurophu, e Belgrade, Budapest, Vienna, Bratislava. IDanube abahlukile futhi ezithakazelisayo ukuthi ezinye ngulona logeleta ngaphansi komhlaba - kungcono amakhilomitha amathathu kweshumi emthonjeni. Lapha ishaya ukhiye enkulu - Aahsky ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana senzeka nabanye emfuleni eziyinhloko zaseYurophu - Rhine.

Dnieper futhi Dniester

Ngisho ezinye emifuleni emikhulu iyangena oLwandle Olumnyama? Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ngokubabazekayo Dnieper River, nakho ageleza kuwo. Lena emfuleni ngobukhulu oLwandle Olumnyama; ubude bayo ukusuka lwaluvelaphi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Valdai Hills emlonyeni - Dnieper esizalweni somfula - ezingaphezu kuka-2200 km. Dnieper kugeleza insimu lamazwe amathathu: Belarus, Russia nase-Ukraine. Istok itholakala e-Russia, e-Smolensk esifundeni, umlomo - e le Kherson esifundeni Ukraine. Ngo zemihla Slavic yigama ezivamile. On usebe lwawo kwakhiwa Rus. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke atholakala emithonjeni yamaGreki asendulo we 5th ekhulwini BC. e. Manje idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emfuleni - Kyïv. Dnepr nayo batheleka esezithuthukiswe ka Smolensk, Mogilev, Kremenchuk, Dnipropetrovsk futhi Kherson, okuyindawo eya oLwandle Olumnyama. Yikuphi agelezela River Dnieper? It has mayelana 25 nemingenela, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo - Desna, Berezina, Pripyat, Sozh.

Kuhle kokusho omunye emfuleni bethwele amanzi awo ukuze oLwandle Olumnyama. It Dniester. Wayelethwa owenza indlela yakhe esuka Eastern Carpathians kuya Dniester esizalweni somfula. Umfula unqamula ensimini ka ezimbili uthi - Ukraine futhi Moldova. Dniester delta ivikelwe Ramsar Convention. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi loMfula izitshalo zayo eziningi ezingavamile zikhule. amanzi Dniester ugeza insimu ka emadolobheni ezifana Tiraspol, Hotin, Soroca, kanye nabanye. owumthelela sakhe sokunene lomfula BIC, ogeleza udlule e- inhloko-dolobha Moldova - Chisinau.

Russian Black Sea River

On umbuzo yini Russia imifula ku woLwandle Olumnyama, impendulo nakanjani: yonke intaba, njengoba ogwini Black Sea yezwe ngokuyinhloko sezintaba. Amancane, akuvamile-100 km. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kulo bayizinkulungwane Mzimta, Matsesta, Ashe, Psou nabanye. Caucasus entabeni emifuleni abe imisinga okusheshayo nokubhovumula. Mzimta has ngokwezinga elikhulu:-ke kuvela okusezingeni eliphezulu eCaucasus Izintaba, aye eduze Adler e oLwandle Olumnyama. Yini imifula ku Sea ogwini eCrimea? Lokhu Umthambo, yiba umlingisi ehluke ngokuphelele. amadamu amaningi ngomisa Peninsula YaseCrimea ngesikhathi ehlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, Samarli futhi Tobe-Chokrak. Omunye kakhulu esigcwele esilazayo iyona emfuleni Belbek, okuyinto agelezela oLwandle Olumnyama amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka Sevastopol.