Valdai Hills: impumuzo, emifuleni kanye sezulu. Valdai Hills kumephu

Esinye sezici olunothile kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele ubuhle bayo, isimo sezulu kanye yemvelo yezindawo isiRashiya Valdai Hills. Enhliziyweni sisekuciniseni edolobheni Valdai, omlando wakhe uhlehlela emuva ngeminyaka engu cishe anamakhulu mahlanu. Lapha ngokuzithandela uye ku izivakashi eziningi. Esinye sezizathu ukuthandwa yalo mzila abahambi - ukusondela emadolobheni amakhulu ezifana eMoscow, Novgorod, eSt Petersburg. Valdai Hills ihlanganisa amagquma amaningana emikhulu, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo - Valdai, Vyshevolotskaya, Ostashkovskaya. Lapha zivela eMfuleni iVolga, Western Dvina, Dnieper, kukhona imithombo yamanzi amtoti eziningi, okhiye iziphethu.

Indawo Map

Valdai Hills kumephu itholakala Novgorod, Smolensk futhi Tver izifunda, ngokwengxenye le Pskov naseLeningrad enyakatho-ntshonalanga Russian Federation. Ubude sentaba - mayelana 600 km engamamitha amabanga kusuka km 150 kuya ku-250. Iphuzu esiphezulu - 346, 9 km.

Ukukhululeka Valdai Hills

Ngenxa yalesi endaweni libhekene alternation emikhulu, agcwalise futhi ayimigodi. Kukhona namathafa amancane. Ukuphakama isilinganiso amagquma - 20-50 m, degree of emthambekeni - 15-20 nangaphezulu. Basin nge ayimigodi elitholakala phakathi kwamagquma, kuvame ukugcwala futhi yakha emachibini amancane. Esikhathini Valdai Hills ihlanganisa emithathu izinhlobo zosizo: outwash, Kamov futhi moraine esigungwini. Ukubukeka kwendawo kwamiswa ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi glacial. Okunye impumuzo kumiswa izici abangelutho.

sezulu Valdai

On ensimini ubuswa enomhwamuko. Dlala ehlobo epholile futhi eside ekwindla afudumele - sezulu okunjalo kuyahluka Valdai Hills. Isimo sezulu esipholile Continental, okufana kakhulu ulwandle. Valdai ebusika kuqhathaniswa efudumele futhi entwasahlobo - eside futhi abandayo. Izimo zezulu akhiwa nokusakazwa emoyeni uquqaba. Isimo sezwe aqoqana emoyeni zasezindaweni ezibandayo emoyeni ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele. emoyeni Continental ka ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele unikeza ukushisa ehlobo futhi abandayo ebusika, nokuthi izinto zazinjani ngesikhathi ulwandle ehlobo nemvula nge snowfalls iqhwa elisenyameni kule sizini abandayo. Ngokuvamile, izulu engazinzile at Valdai, kungaba ngendlela ephawulekayo ukushintsha.

Ngokwesilinganiso, emoyeni lifudumeza kuze kufinyelele 3.2 ⁰ C ebusika, izinga lokushisa sehliselwe 10 -9 ..- ⁰ C, ehlobo lokushisa 16 ⁰ C. linqoba imimoya - entshonalanga, eningizimu futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Isilinganiso kwezulu yonyaka kancane engaphezu kwengu-800 mm imvula, iqhwa ukujula ifinyelela 50 cm.

Hydrology

Kulona kanye igquma kuyinto eyayiwuphawu we Baltic Sea, eVolga futhi Dnieper. Nazi umsuka imifula emikhulu njenge MSTA, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sjas, uPawulu, igiya nabanye. kukhona River Valdai Hills ngaphakathi okusheshayo, Rapids, nezigodi ezijulile. Nutrition abazitholayo ngenxa iqhwa elicibilikile amanzi emvula kanye komhlaba. River embozwe iqhwa cishe 4-5 izinyanga ngonyaka. Misa-up kwenzeka ngo-December, futhi kuphulwa up iqhwa - ngo-Ephreli, ne kwentwasahlobo - ngoMashi noma Februwari.

Umfula bethola inqwaba zinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi: perch, Pike, minnow, burbot, Pike, ongenathemba, bream, chub, bream, ide, roach nabanye.

Lake of the gama elifanayo - Valdai - enhle, ehlanzekile. By endleleni, "Valda" kusho "ukuhlanzeka", "ukukhanya". Libhekisela ezikhumbuzo zemvelo. Leli chibi isendaweni indawo mayelana ezimbili amahektha, ukujula kwesilinganiso sayo - 15 metres, kodwa kwezinye izindawo kuze kube ngamamitha angu-50 iziqhingi ezimbalwa zitholakala phezu ichibi .. Birch futhi Ash - okungenye yezinkundla ezinkulu kunazo, behlukanisa echibini ku ezimbili Reach - Valdai futhi Dolgoborodsky. Iyanezela ubuhle kule ndawo kokuba lweLake Iver Monastery kanye Museum insimbi. Ngemva ekuqaleni ubeke Valdai izinsimbi bekulokhu ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko.

Lakeland ngokuthi Valdai Hills kufanele kumephu okuyinto angaphezu kweshumi nambili amachibi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Seliger, Vella, Dinner, Borovno, Ilmen. On echibini eyakhelwe eziningi ukuzilibazisa izikhungo ezahlukene, lapho abahambi enikeziwe iholide ngokuvamile Russian - kokugeza okugeza, izoso, ukudoba.

zokulondolozwa

Valdai Hills - endaweni ekhangayo indawo lapha ka zokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Valdai National Park yadalwa 1990 nge injongo yokuzilibazisa kanye nokulondolozwa izimo zemvelo kwendawo. Le yunithi zemvelo ithatha ngaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu amahektha. Ngo kwepaki kukhona amahlathi, amachibi, imifula, uhlalwe abameleli ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba isilwane. izinhlobo eziningi zezimila, ahlelwe njengoba ezisengozini Ulapha. It polushnik bristly, slipper ntokazi, Orchis militaris, paltsekornik aseBaltic kanye nabanye abaningi. Ngaphansi kwesivikelo state engaphezu kwekhulu kwezinhlobo ezahlukene wona.

Nakhu isidleke ezingaphezu kuka-150 zezinyoni. Lezi zilwane ezingavamile abebegqoke: nonogolantethe omnyama, peregrine uheshe, i-golden eagle futhi nengqungqulu. Kanye le Indwandwe empunga, ivuba, abamnyama lesiqophamithi, Iziqophamithi, ezinye izinhlobo, bittern. Fauna imelelwa zinhlobo mass: squirrel, impungushe, Ibhere elinsundu, raccoon inja, a lynx, igundane.

Valdai National Park ophethe umsebenzi omkhulu yesayensi, yezindawo okuyinto umsebenzi zemfundo kwezingane. Lesi siqiwu iyingxenye umfelandawonye ka zokulondolozwa eYurophu.

endaweni yokuzilibazisa enhle iyona Valdai Hills, lapho kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi yokuzilibazisa. On the amabhange emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi kwakhiwa amakamu, ukuzilibazisa izikhungo. Athuthukisiwe izintaba, i-kayaking, Ukushushuluza kanye nehhashi ogibele.

Amadamu Sebezh National Park iyikhaya phezu 20 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi: tench, umbokwane, ide, Pike, ezingavamile - peled, trout, carp esiliva. Ngo kwepaki kukhona amachibi amaningi nemifula oxhumene ohlelweni olulodwa amanzi. I amachibi ngobukhulu lapha - Sebezh futhi Necheritsa.

izinqolobane

Valdaiskaya amagquma sihlanganisa indawo evikelwe. It Polistovsky futhi Rdeysky izinqolobane. Lapha, kanye zokulondolozwa, olwenziwa imisebenzi yesayensi. Ngenxa khona reserves eRussia ukuhlakulela indawo yokuzilibazisa njengoba eco-tourism. Uhlela izinkambo lonke uhambo nge ukulala ematendeni, ukupheka phezu komlilo. abasebenzi Reserve izingane wenze futhi ufake izimpawu ulwazi ezindabeni zemvelo.

izimila

Ngaphansi kwethonya sezulu umswakama ngokweqile ensimini ka Valdai kwakhiwa nenhlabathi wapheka-podzolic. Zizathu mpilo ingxenye humus ongaphakeme khula shanguzo ngokuyinhloko coniferous - uphayini sonwele. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingavamile kweMvelo kanye predominance izimila enyakatho, okungukuthi i-oak enyakatho ne umlotha, hazel. Kunezinto eziningi kwamaxhaphozi.