Dancer futhi Umhleli womdanso Marta Grem: A Biography. School ne Marty Grem umdanso amasu

Kunoma encyclopedia yesimanje ballet dancer igama Marty Grem ngeke nime endaweni ehloniphekile. It kungenziwa ngokuthi izinguquko futhi waba umbhubhisi izisekelo. Graham Dance School yokuhlabelela yakhe yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo zanamuhla futhi nobuciko bokusina yathonya ukuthuthukiswa ballet emhlabeni.

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Meyi 11, 1894 edolobheni elincane American wazalwa Marta Grem. Ngiphakathi imvelo noma umndeni, noma sikhathi-ke kwabonakala, akazange lokubikezela ikusasa lokhu intombazane enhle, kodwa isiphetho decreed ngenye indlela. umndeni Graham sika enzalweni abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo e-America ababevela Scotland. umdansi esizayo uyise wayengumGreki kwengqondo, abazali ababethi Presbyterianism futhi agcinwe ukubukwa olandelanayo kakhulu ngokuphila. Umndeni ocebile ngempela, uMarta kancane esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngophethe Catholic nezinceku endlini ukusebenza Chinese-Japanese. Ngakho, intombazane kusukela ebuntwaneni ungase bajwayelane abanamasiko ahlukahlukene.

Kodwa dancing in umndeni zazibhekwa njengochwepheshe bengafaneleki futhi sinesono. Ngakho-ke uMarta kulo kuqala enenkolelo yokuthi ubuciko nobuciko bokusina iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20. Wakwazi uvakashele inkulumo edumile kuRuthe St Denis, ezashintsha ezweni abesifazane. Kuthatha isinqumo esichazayo ukungena inkulumo eSikoleni, futhi kamuva nezifundo zakhe e esikoleni esidumile Denishoun olawula uqobo e Saint-Denis, kanye Umhleli womdanso oluvelele Ted UShawn. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa ingene inkampani "Denishoun" futhi ngeke DEBUT e ukusebenza yakhe esiteji enkulu.

Dance kwenkathi uVictoria

Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka kwakukhona engaguquki umbono womphakathi umqondo wokuthi umdanso - akuyona umsebenzi sina. Wayengumuntu ingxenye imibukiso ukuzijabulisa: vaudeville, cabaret. E-US, i-ballet classical ngesikhathi anamukelanga ukusabalala abalulekile, elakhiwa lapho isikole kazwelonke. Kwakubuye kube yisibonakaliso eziningi eyeqisayo mayelana umdanso. Abesilisa bayalwa okunengqondo, kuqondile gijima ukunyakaza, abesifazane nabo kwadingeka Ihlanganisa imigqa bushelelezi. Ukulinganiselwa enwetshiwe ukudansa izigcawu, ayethanda kukhona classical, izifundo antic. Yena waphoqeleka ukuba lelisu izindima lyric nge elithambile plastic design.

kuvisisa ngamathemba

Marta Grem nobuciko bokusina wangena ngasekupheleni, ngisho ngezindinganiso isikhathi - eminyakeni 20, ngakho umdanso classical yena waba sebunzimeni, kodwa akwenza, futhi akabanga nasithakazelo. Ngo inkampani "Denishoun" dinga of lyricism wakhe, okuyinto kwaba into evamile wakhe. Ted Shawn - neyaziwayo bambheka njengomsunguli umdanso wase-America - wabona Graham amandla akhethekile ikhono, engasenathonya sakhe futhi uhlamvu abanothando akazange Xochitl ukuzenza ngenxa yakhe. Kungaba sibonakalise ukuba silandele isitayela esithile kukaMarta "wawuhlukunyezwe panther black" futhi ubuhle balo. Yena inkanuko walithanda Art Nouveau, elalisendlini tune ngeminyaka hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi imibono yayo kanye nemvelo. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, Mashi yeswa kayise agumenti ukuthi traffic luyakwazi yangaphakathi isimo esingokomzwelo,. Lo mbono kwaholela ekusungulweni ubuchwepheshe lalo.

Eqele ngalé kwemingcele kungenzeka

Ukucinga plastic amathuba bekulokhu ukuthambekela isikhathi, iyathinteka ngale ndlela futhi uMarta Graham inqubo lapho kuye kwasusa umgoqo zanamuhla umdanso. It ufuna ukuqeda ukungalingani ngokobulili emdansweni, ukunikeza abesifazane ilungelo ukuveza imizwa enamandla ngosizo abukhali, ukunyakaza jagged. Graham wayefuna ukudala amasu azosiza abadansi ukuba babe athi esisemthethweni, kulethe imizwelo kanye umqondo. Yena waphoqelela ngekubayala nangekubacondzisa emakamu eliphezulu abadansi, kuyilapho ukwazi lula classical isiko amapulasitiki ngokuqondisisa kulula umqondo ngetetsamelilwati abadansi wamnika amathuba ngaphezulu yokuveza imizwelo. Ukucabanga nabaziphishekelayo zokudala Graham sisizwa ukuba siqonde ukuthi umdanso kusekelwe izizathu ezintathu: Isikhathi, amandla kanye isikhala. Amandla elihlobene ne imizwa ezibangela ukunyakaza, kwaba isikhundla sokuqala ubuchwepheshe yayo. Izifundo ekilasini uMarta uqalise nge uchungechunge ukunyakaza elula ukuthi okwakuthandelene izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isisetshenziswa lusekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili: kontrakshn (kokucindezelwa) nokukhululwa (isandiso). Wenza umdansi ukuba bagxile inhliziyo futhi bayayilalela imithetho plasticity yokwakheka. Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa yokuzibeka dance avunyelwe Graham ukwakha amasu eyingqayizivele lapho indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu zokuphefumula nokugxilisa ingqondo. Wakwazi qonda nokusebenzisa ngoba amathuba yobuhle zomzimba womuntu. amasu lwakhe namanje base dance yesimanje futhi likhona zonke nokuqeqeshwa abadansi okhokhelwayo.

Mashi wayazi ukuthi umuntu ubona umhlaba besebenzisa izithombe, izinganekwane, archetypes, futhi awusebenzisa imikhiqizo yabo. Marta Grem ezihlongozwayo ukubeka phezu non-classical umdanso izigcawu. Wazama ukunikeza abadansi inkululeko enkudlwana ngomqondo le nkulumo.

Marty Grem qembu

Ngo-1926, uMarta eshiya ka "Denishoun" qembu, eyayithi akuzange kubonakale uyakwazi bona imibono yabo. Phela, qembu waba indlovukazi - Saint-Denis, futhi izindawo Graham kukhona nje akukho ukukhetha. Yena iqoqa inkampani yakhe ngo-1927, okuyinto wayedabuka isifazane, ifake umfundi abazinikele kakhulu. Mashi wawusondelene ezilwela ukubukwa, kuba eziningi ecabanga indima abesifazane emphakathini futhi wazama lona amalungelo kanye nematfuba. Useke enikelwe kuze kube indaba ephathwayo imikhiqizo eziningana: ". Ukukhala" "I Wayeyisihlubuki", "Border" futhi edumile Kulezi imikhiqizo Graham emelela imibono wakhe kanye okutholakele, bewitching izilaleli plastic entsha.

Ngo-1938, qembu livela umuntu wokuqala - Erik Houkins, okunguYe ofundisa kuhambisane nesimanje uMarta umdanso su, it is ahlanganiswe izakhi classical. Ngemva kwesikhashana, qembu iza Merce Cunningham, eyaduma njengoba waba umbhubhisi dance yendabuko canons.

qembu elidume umhlaba wonke kaMarta wathola ngemva uhambo eYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Umhleli womdanso kudala kwesinye isikole, lelo, kanye inkampani uthola indawo esimisiwe kwasendaweni e-New York. Leli qembu ukhona namuhla. Futhi kungabi njengoba isikhumbuzo kuya Graham omkhulu, kodwa njengoba ephilayo, ithimba lokudala. I repertoire we qembu uye walondoloza eziningi ezenziwe uMarta, lokwentiwako akhe akweyoku ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.

Ikhaya isiteji

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe okudala Marta Grem sakhiwa 180 ukusebenza. ifa yakhe eshaya ukwehluka cefe, kunzima ukuhlukanisa into efana okufanayo-into. Kodwa ukusebenza ephawuleka kakhulu Graham "Ukubhala emhlabeni", "I emhumeni inhliziyo", "Clytemnestra," "Phaedra," "umcabango zinengqondo, ukozela," "Ingabe Yizenzo Khanyisa". ukusebenza wakhe efakiwe hhayi kuphela nobuciko bokusina omangalisayo, kodwa futhi ezicatshangwe nemininingwane emincane. Yakhetha zokulingisa, umculo, ukuthatha izixazululo kwendawo, nengxenye ekudalweni kwenkundla. ukusebenza kwakhe namuhla ithuluzi yakudala abadansi Abahleli bomdanso.

abalingani enkulu

Emlandweni ballet eziningi abantu ezivelele, kodwa ukuphila ngendlela umdanso - kancane. umdansi Omkhulu ekhulwini lama-20, kuletsa lonke ugqozi dance kanye nomlando wayo - kuyinto Marta Grem. Photo ballerina eshaya amandla ngekukhula, yena yacwila kufike emniningwaneni wokugcina esithombeni, ecabanga phezu nobuciko bokusina kanye izingubo. Futhi eziningi abayinakanga kukhethwa umdanso umlingani. Wasebenza nabantu ayephila eziningi ezinkulu (Nureyev, Pol Teylor, MERS Kanningem, uRobert Wilson). umugqa Special encwadini yomlando wakhe lihlotshaniswa ukudalwa umdanso yesimanje, futhi lapha Ngohlelo Jose Limon noMarta Grem sika akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhumbule. ezimbili Lezi Innovator, le wamavukelambuso enkulu, kwakheka lokho owuthanda izethameli kuze kube manje.

Umthelela on the ballet emhlabeni

Uma kukhona umuntu, kakhulu ukuthonywa isiko kwekhulu lama-20, lokhu Marta Grem. Ucaphuna izitatimende wakhe elichaza ngokucacile umdansi nesimo sakhe ukuphila kwakhe konke. Wathi: "Movement akalokothi aqambe amanga, umzimba ithumela lokushisa umphefumulo." Mashi wenza umqondo umcondvo lobalulekile umdanso, futhi kwaba sokunconywa wakhe oyinhloko. Wabuye wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ulimi ezibukwayo ukuveza imizwa, eyaba amasu eziyingqayizivele Marty Grem. Kuthathwa nguyise dance yesimanje eMelika, kanye nekubaluleka kwalo ukudalwa isikole choreographic kazwelonke ayikwazi overestimated.

It hhayi kuphela idale qembu esiyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi okufakwe ukusebenza ngoba amatiyetha abaningi, lapho izilaleli wakwazi ukubona abadansi ezinjalo ezinhle ezifana Rudolf Nureyev, Margot Fonteyn, amaMaya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Natalia Makarova.

ukuphila Siqu

Marta Grem, ogama biography ngokuphelele eyanikezwa ama-ballet, asikwazanga baqaphela ngokugcwele njengoba owesifazane. Umyeni wakhe wayengekho nguzakwethu ku umdanso, uyathandeka indoda - Erik Houkins. Babehlala ndawonye iminyaka 6, futhi lelo gebe kwaba ushaqekile kuMarta, kodwa wayekwazi ukwenza kwayo okuhlangenwe nakho ngokomzwelo, okuyinto iye yaba umthombo ugqozi dance. Washiya esiteji eminyakeni 76, useke wabhekana ngakho ecindezeleke kakhulu, kodwa wakwazi ukunqoba ukugula babuyele emsebenzini we Umhleli womdanso, ubhala omunye ballets 10. Washona ngo-Mashi zeminyaka 96.