Yini eyenza ingilazi?

Glass - i mshini lasendulo atholakele futhi esetshenziswa indoda. Kwatholakala njengoba hhayi umuntu weza futhi wenza ingilazi kuqala. Cishe, Yavela-ke eyokuqala kusuka lava wentaba-mlilo zisekhona izigidi eziningi edlule. Le into manje obizwa ngokuthi u obsidian.

Abantu kancane kancane bafundze ngemvelo, siqhaphele ukuthi uma uhlanganise baking soda isihlabathi yemvelo futhi ukushisa, ketshezi crystalline livela. Ngakho ukuthi bayakwazi okukulungele engilazini. Okungenani, yilokho lokhu okwenzeka ngayo ichazwe uPliny wesichazamazwi ngesiGreki. Futhi waqala indaba ukusetshenziswa womuntu kwalo mkhiqizo, egcwele ngempela esisemqoka emphilweni isintu namuhla.

Kodwa kukhona omunye umbono ochaza, kulokho kwenza ingilazi. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi into lwengilazi uvele njengoba eceleni ngesikhathi kokudubula zobumba noma ithusi yokuncibilikisa ithusi.

Lo mkhiqizo emangalisayo kuye kwafeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwesintu. Overestimate ukubaluleka kwalo akunakwenzeka. Ukulungiselela ngengilazi ongaqhathaniswa ezifana okutholakele umuntu njengoba ukuziqambela isondo futhi kukhiqizwe umlilo. Ngisho eGibhithe efana lasendulo ekhiqizwa ezihlukahlukene ubucwebe, nokucwebezela okuzothile kubo, khona-ke bafunda ukwenza iziqukathi ukugcina uketshezi ezahlukene.

Kusukela ukukhiqizwa ingilazi the XIII ekhulwini liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Maphakathi ukukhiqizwa zayo zaba Venice. Ochwepheshe kulo muzi wakwazi ukufunda izimfihlo ukukhiqizwa Eastern ingilazi, futhi baye asethuthukile nethuthukisiwe ubuchwepheshe of indalo yayo. Glassmakers bakwazi ukufeza obala ngengilazi, ngenxa ukwengeza ezihlukahlukene ezingcolisa, baye bafunda ukwazisa ukukwenza kusukela ezihlukahlukene izitsha, nenhle ngokungaphezu kokuvamile futhi ezicashile. Kubita imali eningi. Ngokuvamile, uma umkhiqizo aphume ke abesetshenziswa efana ubucwebe kanye okunethezeka izimpahla, usebenza yobuciko. Phakathi nale misebenzi master glassblowers YaseVenice wakhokhelwa inkululeko yakhe, iziboshwa esiqhingini Murano, bafunda indlela yokwenza imikhiqizo enjalo, inkazimulo Murano ingilazi uye chithi saka emhlabeni wonke.

Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, abantu bathole lo mkhiqizo isicelo sobungani. ingilazi yokukhiqiza zobuchwepheshe. Ukumboza uhlangothi imikhiqizo ungqimba lembhali, ziyinhlanganisela, benyuka esibukweni. Glass iye yasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi ukusungulwa nokuhlobisa amathempeli nezigodlo. Fundani ukwenza umbala ingilazi, inkosi waqala ukwenza ubuhle ngokuphawulekayo ingilazi ibala namawindi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingilazi lalisetshenziswa isayensi. Abantu baye bafunda ukuthi kungaba ukudamba futhi ugxile ukukhanya - yasungulwa khulu, okwenza microscope futhi isibonakude. Lezi ezisunguliwe wenze isinyathelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ngesayensi yemvelo - biology, isayensi yezinkanyezi, i-physics, futhi imithi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, mkhiqizo umsebenzi ngokuphelele kungenzeki yesayensi cishe kunoma yimuphi umkhakha ngokwesayensi.

Kuyini ingilazi? Njengoba ezikhathini zangaphambili, esenziwe isihlabathi. Iqiniso ukuthi isihlabathi siqukethe iningi Silica ekhona kuyo asebenza ngebhethri zinhlayiya. Kuyinto evuthayo futhi ngakhala. Uma ngokushesha selehlile, amaminerali awunaso isikhathi ukwakha zinhlayiya, okubenza babe okusobala. Uma ufuna umkhiqizo has a umbala, liyanezela ezihlukahlukene metal oxides. Yini eyenza ingilazi kangangokuthi kwakusengathi sicaca? Ukuze wenze lokhu, isihlabathi ahlanzekile kangangokuthi wayengasaboni Cishe usuphelelwe asebenza ngebhethri.

Namuhla ziningi izindlela processing, kukhona ngemva kwalokho umkhiqizo etholakalayo ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukene kusukela kwagcizelela futhi armored omnene ngaphambili esibukweni. Okwenza ingilazi namuhla? Ngesisekelo kuyafana - esihlabathini elula. Futhi kuyakhuthaza ukuthi iqiniso yini eyenza ingilazi ku iplanethi enguMhlaba - lenqwaba, futhi asibona engozini yokuqothulwa lokhu loyimvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.