Ulwelwesi ezingaba

Ukuphumula ulwelwesi engaba kuyinto ezingaba kagesi (stock), obakhiwa ebusweni elingaphandle ulwelwesi cell futhi ohlangothini kwangaphakathi okuyinto we ulwelwesi plasma. Uhlangothi engaphakathi isihlobo ulwelwesi ukuze ebusweni elingaphandle njalo has a icala ezimbi. Ukuze uhlobo cell ezingaba uhlezi ngamunye kakhulu ezidlula njalo. Ngakho, ngo-ezinegazi elifudumele e lwamathambo imisipha Imicu yotshani kuba 90 mV, amaseli esivimba amanzi - 80, njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e - 60-70. Neqiniso ulwelwesi kuyisici esihlupha bonke izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana aphilayo.

Ngokuhambisana theory kubhekwe ukunikezela yesimanje kagesi Kumiswa ngenxa ukunyakaza yekwentiwa ion.

ezinyakazayo Passive kwenzeka eduze umyela lokuhlushwa ayidingi amandla okokufaka kuso. Cell ulwelwesi endaweni yokuphumula has a permeability enkulu ukuba potassium ion. Esikhathini cytoplasm Izinzwa kanye muscle amaseli bona (potassium ion) ekhona izikhathi amathathu mahlanu kunelawo uketshezi intercellular. Athomu cytoplasm asesimweni mahhala futhi udlulele ngokuvumelana a umyela okuhlushwa, ku uketshezi extracellular yonkana ulwelwesi. I-interstitial uketshezi anions intracellular agcinwayo ku ebusweni elingaphandle ulwelwesi.

Esikhaleni intracellular iqukethe ikakhulukazi anions pyruvic, acetic, aspartic acid nezinye acid organic. I wezinto acid kuqukethwe lemali elincane. Anions igcwale ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi bengayi. Zihlala e yezinyoni. Anions ahlelwe ohlangothini engaphakathi ulwelwesi.

Ngenxa yokuthi icala elibi anions futhi cations esuka - omuhle, ebusweni elingaphandle ulwelwesi has a icala omuhle, futhi yangaphakathi - ezingezinhle.

Esikhathini extracellular uketshezi sodium ion ezikhathini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi ezingaphezu kuka yezinyoni. permeability yabo siphansi. Nokho, ngenxa Ukungena sodium ion ngezinga elithile encishisiwe ulwelwesi ezingaba khona. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ukwanda okusheshayo chlorine ion esitokisini. Okuqukethwe la ma-athomu e izikhathi nanhlanu amathathu kunaleyo uketshezi extracellular. ulwelwesi inyuka ezingaba kancane ngenxa Ukungena yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ulwelwesi kanye indlela yamangqamuzana ekhethekile. Linikeza ukukhuthazwa asebenzayo-potassium ne-sodium ion bebheke lokuhlushwa anda. Ngakho-ke asekelwe asymmetry ionic.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela asebenzayo ion kuwumphumela ukusebenza kwe-sodium potassium "futha" (futha). ukufuduka Active sodium ion, ngenxa Ukungena amaseli esitokisini a ion potassium. Esikhathini ezimbili Vector futha amaloli kwenziwe ngalo, esikhundleni salokho, eyalo ukubola amandla umzimba ATP. Ngokusebenzisa amandla i-molecule ATP hydrolysis 2 potassium ion ukuhlaba zingene ngaphakathi sezitokisi, bese 3 sodium ion kuthiwa zithutha phandle.

Lapho esephumule, le micu kwemisipha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ion amaphampu ichithwa baze babe amaphesenti angu amabili yeselula amandla.

Ngaphansi kwethonya ATPase enzyme uhlaba ATP. Ubuthi yezinzwa cyanide monoyodatsetatom, dinitrophenol, kanye nezinye izinto, kuhlanganise eyeka izinqubo glycolysis futhi ATP zamagama, ke kuphakamisa (ATP) ukuncipha cytoplasm futhi ukusebenza ukuqedwa, "futha".

Ulwelwesi futhi kuyinto permeable ukuba chloride ion (ikakhulukazi imisipha Imicu yotshani). Ngo amaseli nge permeability okusezingeni eliphezulu, i-potassium ion kanye chlorine ngokulinganayo akha ulwelwesi uphumule. Ngakho kwezinye umnikelo yeseli zokugcina enqubeni wathi azinakwa.