Okusho isimiso sezinzwa ingeyomzimba. Isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa

Kuzo zonke izinhlelo kwemizwa komzimba ke iyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokho kuxhomeke ke umsebenzi ehlelekile yazo zonke izitho nezinye, izicubu namaseli. Ukubaluleka main isimiso sezinzwa ingeyomzimba ukuthi ngezindleko zayo isebenta iyonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ilawula oxhumana somzimba nge imvelo bangaphandle.

Le ndoda, bangakunaki zalesi simiso ungacabanga, ahlaziye izenzakalo. I anencazelo ejulile isimiso sezinzwa emzimbeni ebaluleke kakhulu: ilawula konke, kuhlanganise izinqubo emishinini yokuphefumula, igazi, ekulambeni nasekomeni, kubuye kube obhekene yonke ingqondo yethu, kuhlanganise bakudala kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwayo ukuze umzimba wethu inawe, kufanele wazi (okungenani ezingeni eliyisisekelo) oyiyo.

Lokho kukhona ingxenye isimiso sezinzwa?

Lakhiwa izicubu sezinzwa, okuyindawo ehlanganisa sezinzwa amaseli satellite (astrocytes). Ake uchaze kafushane injongo yabo:

• Namangqamuzana ezinzwa - main iyithimba kwezicubu sezinzwa. La mangqamuzana banesibopho ukucabanga, kanye nazo zonke ezinye nemisebenzi ohlelweni lonke.
• Amaseli iziphuphutheki isebenze futhi trophic ukweseka umsebenzi. Okwamanje, kunenkolelo yokuthi abazi futhi ukudlala indima ebalulekile mshini inkumbulo yesikhathi eside, nakuba lo mbono kudingeka kucaciswe.

Siyaqhubeka ukuxoxa isakhiwo kanye nencazelo isimiso sezinzwa.

Isakhiwo namangqamuzana ezinzwa

Lokhu cell, okuyinto unesibopho cishe konke okwenzekayo emzimbeni, yakhiwa umzimba futhi ezihlobene. Bona zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: axons futhi dendrites. Eyokuqala wabo asuke amaseli ikhophi eyodwa, eside. Ngokuphambene nalokho, le dendrites letingemasayizi lahlukene akuzona ovelele kakhulu, branched kakhulu. Njengomthetho, ngamunye ezinzwa cell kungenzeka eziningana. Ngokwe-amaza dendrites ezinzwa kokuya yezinyoni.

Axon obuphelele omkhulu ezahlukene, cishe awekho amagatsha. On ke pulses ephuma emzimbeni ngaso leso ezinzwa cell. Ubude le nqubo ingathatha idlule amashumi amaningana ngamasentimitha. Ngokusho ke, amasignali adluliswa esebenzisa esithweni kagesi, ngokuphazima kweso.

A akanhlanhlatsi encane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubaluleka isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi isimiso sezinzwa uyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlukahlukene ukuthi izici eziningi ukusebenza ezinye izinqubo ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali ezenzeka we isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ukujula, abacwaningi ukuthi usanda kuqala ukuqagela.

Axons camera kusukela into amafutha-like, okuyinto ungumbonisi yisivikelo. It icubungula lezi amaqoqo akha esiqinile white isimiso sezinzwa. Isidumbu namangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi dendrites kungekho Amagobolondo. Accumulations yalezi izinto abizwa ngokuthi grey ndaba.

Siyaqhubeka ukufunda isakhiwo kanye nencazelo isimiso sezinzwa. Kumele usule umqondo ukuthi izinzwa abangazazi umahluko, umnyango lolu hlobo akukho amaseli. Sizoqhubeka ukhulume ukubaluleka isimiso sezinzwa. Epulanini isimiso sezinzwa akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngisho cishe, uma ungazi mayelana nokwakheka namangqamuzana ezinzwa, amayunithi yayo sokusebenza.

Yiziphi izinzwa?

Ungacabangi ukuthi zonke izinzwa ziyafana. Kunalokho, sihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye ngefomu nemisebenzi. Ezizwelayo sokudlulisa izinzwa izitho umqondo kuya ebuchosheni. Izidumbu zabo zitholakala ganglia elikhulu umzimba. By endleleni ekhuluma, okubizwa ngokuthi amaqoqo elikhulu izinzwa ngaphandle asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Motor zinhlobo, ngokuphambene, okuhambisa amaza yobuchopho kwemisipha izitho zangaphakathi.

izinzwa ejotshelelwayo banesibopho ukuxhumana nokudluliselwa kolwazi phakathi amaseli sezinzwa kanye motor. izinqubo zabo zimfushane, edlala indima "izingqimba" akavele ngale ubuchopho. Ngakho, ubuchopho ithola imininingwane ezintweni zonke izinhlelo kanye nezinhlaka emzimbeni.

Ngakho, ngamafuphi Okwesikhashana. Iyini incazelo eyisisekelo isimiso sezinzwa emzimbeni? Sibala:

• It uthola zimpawu kusuka izinzwa, nephunga bese uthinta receptor.
• Ngo izinzwa bakhiqiza wathola ulwazi ukuhlaziywa.
• Umzimba ashukumisa (ingalo, isibonelo) elihambisana ishayela ngocansi.
• Umzimba ngokwanele ukuphendula abakucasulayo yizici zemvelo.

Impulses yobuchopho futhi adluliselwa kuye hhayi kuphela izinqubo ngabanye izinzwa, kodwa futhi emizweni ezikhethekile.

Yiziphi imizwa yakho?

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, nathi njalo ukuzwa izwi, kodwa sisho ukuthini ngempela ngandlela-thile musa lokucabanga. Kodwa isimiso sezinzwa futhi indima yayo emzimbeni mkhulu kangangokuthi kufanele wazi ngakho!

Sagcina ngokuthi njengoba isikhathi ekuqongeleleni izinqubo eside sezinzwa, okuyinto embozwe enamathela ekhethekile zokuzivikela. Uma yilo "emazombezombe" kukhona izinqubo Izinzwa, imizwa ngokwabo abizwa ngokuthi imoto. Njengomthetho, e emsipheni iziqu aqukethe kokubili dendrites futhi axons. Kulokhu bebizwa okuxubile. Ahluke bakwazi ukudlulisa ezinzwa amaza zombili izinkomba.

Izingxenye ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa

Ingabe ukuhlukana ezimbili eziyinhloko: yangaphakathi kanye neuropathy. Abe-Central Division ihlanganisa asebuchosheni nomgogodla ivikelwe amathambo kogebhezi ikholomu umgogodla. Ngakho, ngo-azungeze siqukethe ganglia nezinzwa ahlukene izinqubo sezinzwa.

Leyo ngxenye isimiso sezinzwa elawula ukusebenza kwe imisipha yohlaka, ngokuthi ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Ngakho, isimiso sezinzwa ingeyomzimba, kulesi simo-ke kubaluleke kakhulu: kuba "ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo" kusivumela ukuhambisa ezingalweni zakhe futhi imilenze. Ukuze izibilini wemfanelo umnyango izinhlelo ezizimele. ukusebenza kwalo akukho entandweni abaqaphela indoda. Ngamafuphi nje, wena cishe ukwazi indlela yokuphatha inqubo ukugaya, ijubane noma ukusheshisa ke.

Ngakho, ukubaluleka isimiso sezinzwa e ukulawulwa imisebenzi umzimba likhulu kakhulu: ilawula ngisho izinqubo ukuthi abantu abaningi ngisho nokuwabona. Yiqiniso, uma umzimba wabo kulungile futhi konke siyasebenza kwimodi "okuvamile."

Kulesi sigaba kukhona "amayunithi kwesakhiwo" ezimbili ezinkulu: nozwela futhi le parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa. Cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi innervated ngu iziqu emsipheni ke ukusuka kuye. Imiphumela emzimbeni minyango kukhona akuhambisani okuphambene.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuncishiswa nozwela ithuthukisa inhliziyo imisipha striated, futhi parasimpatika - kubambezela inqubo, unesibopho ukugaya. Ngakho, indima yokuba parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa emzimbeni kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto unesibopho emishinini yokuphefumula kanye nezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile.

reflex

Futhi kusho ukuthini isimiso sezinzwa ngendlela ukusabela ngaphandle kwemibandela ngokuphelele nezilwane kwabanye ukucasuka imvelo? Ngamafuphi nje, indlela umsebenzi reflex?

Njengoba yaziwa, unesibopho lamasu, okuyinto siyazi njengoba "arc reflex". Lena indlela kanye lapho amaza ezinzwa okwamanje lapho umzimba aphendvule ukukhuthazwa reflex. It siqukethe le izigaba ezilandelayo: yokwamukela ngendlela ebucayi, abanye obhekene ingxenye reflex isimiso sezinzwa, indlela kanye lapho isignali, kanye kusukela umzimba ukusebenza.

Yilokho kubaluleke kangakanani isimiso sezinzwa ekuphileni kobuntu. Lapho into ephukile khona, umuntu ogulayo kungaba real feat ezimele izimbadada wokubopha. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi kuncane kangakanani abaningi bacabanga ukubaluleka izicubu sezinzwa!

On elula we arc reflex

arc ngamunye iqala receptor sezinzwa. Ngamunye wabo ubona kuphela uhlobo oluthile ezithile umfutho. I-receptor obhekene ekuguquleni imvelo bangaphandle nezinzwa amaza. Impulses ukuthi ukuhambisa imisipha yohlaka, nokucupha ezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile futhi ukwenza umsebenzi zibaluleke ngokulinganayo, kumane kagesi endalweni. With ebucayi namangqamuzana ezinzwa amaza adluliselwa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

Phawula ukuthi cishe yonke lwesikhathi reflex yakhiwa izinzwa intercalated.

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bamane bacabange yokusabela - inqubo equlekile ngokuphelele ukuthi, uma avikelekile, luhlala ingashintshiwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa akunjalo. Iqiniso ukuthi isiginali kusuka yokwamukela, isimiso sezinzwa akamane nje amukele, kodwa uchitha ukuhlaziywa yakhe ahlola kusebenta ukusabela. Ngamafuphi nje, kungenxa yokuthi abantu ukuqeqeshwa kushintshwe izenzo zabo nje kuphela automatism reflex, kodwa futhi kwenze kube ephelele.

Futhi manje ake sixoxe, ibaluleke ngani isimiso sezinzwa esimeningcondvo ingxoxo emgogodleni. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto kuphela ukudluliselwa izinzwa yobuchopho neminyango ngezansi. Iphutha okwedlulele, ngoba indima umzimba kubalulekile kakhulu.

Isakhiwo emgogodleni

Kutholwe emgogodleni e umsele umgogodla. Kunomkhawulo futhi evikelwe izimbotshana yemvelo - amathambo cranial, kanye ikholomu vertebral. Theory (yokwakheka), umngcele phakathi emgogodleni ubuchopho ubabonisa phakathi ithambo occipital kanye Atlas.

Kubantu, it has uhlobo intambo omhlophe, ububanzi okuyinto cishe 1 isentimitha. Isiteshi ngokwayo ligcwele oludakayo, cerebrospinal fluid. On ebusweni nomzimba anemifantu ezimbili ezijulile longitudinal, okuyinto ulwahlukanise ku izinhlangothi sokunene nesobunxele. Uma umqondo unciphe ngesigamu, ungabona ngempela iphethini enhle ukuthi sifana uvemvane.

kwakhiwa umzimba wayo ngu izinzwa (ejotshelelwayo motor). Njengoba sishilo kakade, into emhlophe ukuthi ihlanganisa kubo nxazonke, kuyinto izinqubo eside sezinzwa. Bona kuyoshaya eduze umgogodla intambo up and down ifomu uplink neziteshi downlink.

Yini emgogodleni?

It imisebenzi ezimbili eziyinhloko babelwe: ikhaliphe futhi indima umqhubi izindlela. Ngenxa umsebenzi reflex, mhlawumbe kungenzeka ukwenza ukunyakaza eziningi. Zonke entengo imisipha yohlaka komzimba (ngaphandle imisipha ikhanda) ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne lwesikhathi reflex, okuyinto encike ngqo kwi umsebenzi emgogodleni.

Ngamanye amazwi, indima isimiso sezinzwa e imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni sika kukhona enemisebenzi kakhulu: e ukulawulwa isitho izinhlelo Ngokuvamile lokhu kwakuhilela labo eminyangweni yalo, lapho abantu abaningi bekhumbula thukela.

Asazi ihaba! Ngemva emgogodleni kule nkampani nge "ikhanda uzakwabo" yakhe alawule ukusebenza efanele inani Amazing kwezitho: lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese inhliziyo, uhlelo urinary futhi Izitho zokuzala. Ngenxa ndaba ezimhlophe ezivumelanisiwe, wanikeza ngokugcwele-nesigaba impendulo yabo ezintweni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Okubalulekile! Ungakhohlwa ukuthi emgogodleni namanje subordinated ekhanda emhlabeni. Kukhona amacala lapho ngenxa yokulimala, yengozi noma ukugula umuntu ephula ngokuphelele ukuhlobana asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Okokuqala, ezimweni ezinjalo okusebenza ngokuphelele emihle. Yilokho nje cishe zonke ikhaliphe, okuyinto zitholakala ngezansi zone, zinyamalale ngokuphelele.

Abantu abanjalo bangaba, kakhulu, ukunyakazisa izandla zakhe, kancane ujikise ikhanda lakhe, kodwa kwakuyiyo yonke ingxenye engezansi yomzimba bona kungahambi ngokuphelele futhi olungenayo yiluphi uhlobo kwaba ukuzwela.

ingqondo

It elise ugebhezi. Ihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo: i-oblongata medulla, cerebellum, ibhuloho, umnyango Lesisemkhatsini yesibili, futhi Nenkabazwe. Njengasendabeni yabase langaphambilini, kukhona ndaba elimhlophe kanye grey. White uxhuma kokubili izingxenye zobuchopho futhi umgogodla umnyango wakhe. Ngenxa yalesi wonke isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko imisebenzi iyonke.

Ngokungafani emgogodleni, kukhona grey ndaba uya kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukwakha amagxolo, cortex.

Medulla oblongata eqinisweni phambili ikhadi umgogodla iyadingeka ukuze uxhumano yalezi esikhula ezingxenyeni ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa ndawonye. Yena unesibopho emishinini yokuphefumula, ukugaya kanye nezinye imisebenzi equlekile, kodwa ngenxa yokulimala kwakhe liyabulala ukuphila.

Okusho yezingxenye ngazinye

I cerebellum elawula motor imisebenzi. I ubuchopho obuphakathi kuyinto "Ukudlula iphuzu" kwabaningi reflex lwesikhathi. Medulla, Pons futhi ifomu ubuchopho obuphakathi uhlobo isiqu ngokuxhumanisa phakathi eminyangweni ehlukene futhi enze imisebenzi eminingi reflex. Cora - lomncane kanye umnyango ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto ngenxa ke, sicabanga, cabanga, ukugcina izinkumbulo zakho. Trauma cortex igcwele ukulahlekelwa ephelele ungubani.

Kukhona amacala lapho abantu bahlale eside esimweni sebefile, waminza, kulandela ukulimala ikakhulukazi esabekayo, uvele uyaphila ngenxa yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule futhi idla inhliziyo. Lokho nje isimo esinjalo ukubizwa ukuphila kunzima kakhulu. izinzwa Cortical sifo iyafa ngokushesha kakhulu, okwathi ngemva kwalokho lo muntu ephenduka ibe "zemifino". Akakwazi ngithi akanasabelo inkumbulo ekuphileni kwangaphambili (ngaphandle ezingavamile), ke ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuzinakekela.

Yilokho kubaluleke kangakanani isimiso sezinzwa e umzimba.