Inani labantu base-Beijing (China) kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile kazwelonke

I-Beijing ngelinye lamadolobha amadala ekhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Ukukhula komnotho, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo ukukhiqizwa ukwenza China omunye wabaholi kwezepolitiki ngamazwe. Emagugu emasiko yezwe bekulokhu yinto eyigugu emhlabeni wonke: impucuko yamaShayina yasendulo washiya izinto eliyingqayizivele, izigodlo, efundisa. Okuhlushwa kube inkomba yokuthi ukuchuma yesimanjemanje China namuhla isibe Beijing. labantu kulo muzi lukhula ijubane omkhulu, lapha kufika izigidi zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

ukuvela

Imizana lokuqala ensimini ka edolobheni uvele ngaphambi ukuqala AD. Kuleso sikhathi, ebizwa nangokuthi i-inkathi ezilwayo States, la mazwe abe umbuso yokuqala Yan. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amakhosi ezahlukene wasebenzisa idolobha kokugumbuqelwa isitha, kodwa isikhundla Beijing sika cishe enjalo. Esikhathini X leminyaka edolobheni lanikezwa Liao Dynasty, okuyinto awenza inhloko-dolobha wesibili, simenze igama Nanjing (ngesiShayina "Wik Capital"). Ekhulwini XI, omunye lwamakhosi Jin, ekuthatheni amandla yedwa, bazinza edolobheni, ukusibiza Zhongdu.

Beijing e ukuthunjwa amaMongol

Ekhulwini XIII amabutho-Mongolian yahlasela China, eholwa abangane zikaGenghis Khan. Bona nisishisile isiphetho, futhi cishe ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, wakha umuzi omusha - inhloko-dolobha yayo, ngokuthi Dadu. Lo mbuso onomoya olandelayo, waba ngukumkani edolobheni, kwaba edume Ming lwamakhosi. Igama classical "Beijing" kungokwalabo umbusi wesithathu Yongle, wafika emzini seyaziwa ngokuthi Jingsheng - dolobha. Lokho i-Ming BakwaHan wabeka izici wanamuhla isiphetho, ke yamisa odongeni lomuzi osekuyisikhathi eside wawusebenza njengenqaba. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, lapho inani labantu okwaduma Beijing (inhlokodolobha) yiyona idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, i-Forbidden City, ethempelini Wezulu lamiswao based. Lezi izikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele of isiko Chinese zimelela izwe cishe kwengu-600.

Beijing wahlala inhloko-dolobha yaseChina kuze 1928. Ngaleso sikhathi izwe ayedabula ezikhathini ezinzima, futhi eqinisweni ahlukaniselwe izifundazwe ahlukene, ukulalela umlawuli omkhulu. Ngemva kokunqoba iqembu olandelanayo Kuomintang dolobha washukumiseleka ukuba emzini Nanjing kanye Beijing, inhloko-dolobha hulumeni ophethwe amasosha, kamuva eyethiwa ngokuthi u Beiping. Wabuyela isimo wangaphambili ngesikhathi bevinjezelwe amaJapane ngo-1937.

amagama Okunye Beijing

Emazweni Asian libhekene ukwethula isimo lakhe negama lomuzi. Common pronunciation emhlabeni wonke "Beijing" ayihambisani Chinese. Indawo bebizwa ehlukile. A classic phakathi Beijing Chinese yokubiza izwi ngokuthi "Peiching". Yingakho ngokuvamile ungase uthole isipelingi wezizwe igama lomuzi - Beijing. Abaningi emazweni aseNtshonalanga zithobele lokubhala classical, kuyilapho eRussia, Netherlands nakwamanye amazwe amaningana ukugcina igama elidala - emzini Beijing.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho inhloko-dolobha wayiswa Chinese Nanjing, idolobha iqanjwe kabusha Beiping. Beijing ube elinye igama mlando, sisekelwe kwaqala exhumene umbuso Yan lasendulo - Yanjing.

I ezindawo indawo Beijing

Beijing dolobha lisendaweni amakhilomitha 150 kusukela oLwandle eliphuzi. Kusukela entshonalanga nasenyakatho uzungezwe izintaba, okuyinto ahlukaniselwe phakathi plain kanye Gobi Desert. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo kulo muzi njalo kubonakala yenkungu ngentuthu, okuyizinto ngenxa indawo - ulwandle eziphephweni efudumele ungavumeli umoya ongcolile avuke okusezingeni eliphezulu sokunqoba entabeni futhi bawushiye lowo muzi.

Summer isihlobo lapha hhayi ashisayo kakhulu esifundeni ashisayo, emoyeni iqukethe emakamu eliphezulu umswakama. Izimo ezinjalo kungaba nzima i umzimba ongaqeqeshiwe. Ubusika e-Beijing ngokuvamile ukuqhubeka ngaphandle iqhwa kusukela kwezulu iwela lapha ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Beijing uhlela wedesimali zimi kanje: i-latitude 39,9075, longitude 116,39723.

Inani labantu base-Beijing nezindawo ezizungezile

Ngokusho idatha yakamuva, inani labantu Beijing sika abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20. Kulawa, ezingaphezu kuka kancane nje kwesigamu abahlali ukubhalisa unomphela kuleli dolobha. Ezinye izindaba zika-labantu - abantu abaye beza inhlokodolobha ezivela kwezinye izifunda beyofuna umsebenzi. Phakathi umuzi ngokwawo ekhaya ezigidini 7.

China uye wazilandela ngokunembile emuva enamandla kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho esifundazweni emadolobheni amakhulu. Inani labantu base-iningi ezifundeni wahlanganyela emisebenzini ethinta ezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha ungaphakathi ihlumela. Lena a gap omkhulu phakathi kwabo emadolobheni achumayo - Beijing, Shanghai nezinye - kubangela kwatheleka okuphawulekayo anabantu abaningi abahlala edolobheni ezivela kwezinye izifunda. Beijing liyaziwa yokuthi kunabantu abangaki khona ngokungemthetho, okuqukethwe kanye ukhona umsebenzi ongaphakeme-ikhokhwe emijondolo.

Ukwakheka kazwelonke komuzi

China - ngempela ezweni evaliwe, kodwa ngoba iningi izakhamuzi zalo kukhona Chinese yobuhlanga, obizwa nangokuthi Han. The imibukiso efanayo Beijing: Inhloko-dolobha ye zinhlanga sakhiwa 95% of the Han Chinese. Kodwa idolobha ungahlangana abameleli bezinye izizwe, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, uhlanga Asian. Phakathi kwabo, lo Manchus, heytsy, Mongolia - Umlando Chinese kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa kula mazwe. izingane Tibetan e-Beijing ihlelwe esikoleni esikhethekile.

Kukhona eyodwa ngaphezulu izici zomphakathi ngawo ukuze uhlukanise sabantu. Beijing ekhangayo izivakashi, ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa Amazing emnothweni lapha aqoqana omningi bezinye izizwe. Abafundi, osomabhizinisi, abameleli ukuhweba - ezinza phakathi Chinese abavamile nasezindaweni zamabhizinisi, zamukele amasiko abo futhi ukukhuluma isiShayina.

Elinye iqembu - izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Korea. Ngisho nanamuhla, bayizithunywa diasporas ngobukhulu kulo lonke China.

izilimi idolobha

Ensimini ka banamuhla China izilimi 292 abaphilayo enye lapho akekho omunye ukhuluma kubhaliswe. Izazi zolimi has 9 ulimi imikhaya, phakathi lapho ungathola Altay, Austroasiatic, tai kadayskie nabanye.

Naphezu kwalokhu, ngo-Chinese akhulunywa labantu. Beijing, njengazo zonke ezinye amadolobha, uthanda izilimi ezisemthethweni - Putonghua. He is izakhamizi eduze futhi wabazisa. Beijing Zamazwe, esilulimi lwaso kusekelwe Mandarin lwesigodi, futhi wathi ngezilimi-Mongolian, Tibetan, Zhuang.

Amanye amadolobha elinabantu abaningi e China

Beijing kuphela yesithathu ohlwini amadolobha China ngenombolo izakhamuzi. Emaningi idolobha Chinese Chongqing kuyinto - kuwo nasezindaweni ezizungezile iyikhaya abantu abayizigidi ezingu-29, iningi labantu ngaphandle kwendawo yasedolobheni, ukuthi, iyona ndawo yasemaphandleni.

Edolobheni elilandelayo phezu izakhamuzi eziningi, zishesha ngaphezu kokusabela kwezizwe Beijing - Shanghai. Ngo isikhungo ngobukhulu zezimali kanye kwamasiko yezwe inabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-23. Bobabili wale mizi, efana Beijing, abangu eyasungulwa BC, uhlangabezane kuhlasela nokubhujiswa, wokulakha kabusha futhi ngokushesha aluthola a look zanamuhla. Namuhla, idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-China neze kunabayeni nobuhle bofeleba main emhlabeni ukujula. namabhilidi High Abut ngokumelene esibhakabhakeni, emhlabeni zezitolo kanye zamabhizinisi umzuzu musa ziyeke ukusebenza. Ngisho nanamuhla, umnotho China sika ingenye eziphambili kakhulu emhlabeni.