Emazweni aseNtshonalanga: umlando kanye nezici yentuthuko

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga - yisimo, okuyinto ngokwendawo elisoGwini insimu ka-Western Europe. Izibalo ihlanganiswe ochwepheshe UN, uhlu kuhlanganisa ayisishiyagalolunye uthi: eFrance, eBelgium, e-Austria, eLuxembourg, Liechtenstein, eJalimane, Monaco, eSwitzerland, e-Netherlands. Nokho, isici zezombusazwe wabo bonke Union aMalunga eMibuso European afakiwe nomqondo emazweni asentshonalanga. ngaleyo ndlela Uhlu olusha. Ukuze lokhu kungenziwa wanezela kulamazwe alandelayo: Finland, Denmark, Greece, e-Italy, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain.

Umlando Omfushane Medieval Western Europe

amazwe Modern entshonalanga kwakheka kwi insimu ayengaphansi uMbuso WaseRoma. Ngemva kokuwa isimo esinamandla e 476 endaweni yayo imibuso ngowezizwe akhiwa izizwe zamaJalimane. Elikhulu kunawo wonke kwakuyiSonto a kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho inhlangano franc - France yesimanje. amandla Big nabo isiphetho yamaVisigoth esizeni ngokuthi iSpain namuhla, uMbuso Ostrogoths (Italy), isimo Anglo-Saxons (UK) kanye nabanye.

Zonke lezi zinkampani elisha lezombusazwe bahlanganiswe indlela evamile ukuthuthukiswa: sokuhlanganiswa zezizwe, ukwakheka amandla eqinile monarchical, wukwehlukana okwalandela insimu, futhi ekugcineni umhlaba yinye kanye kumiswa isimo esisodwa. Ngo abaningi babo ngasekupheleni enkathini ephakathi ukusungula ifomu ngokuphelele kobukhosi.

isikhathi esisha

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu wadabula esiteji feudalism kanye ne-capitalism. Ngo amandla kakhulu athuthukile iphutha revolution wobunxiwankulu, izwe (iNetherlands, United Kingdom, France) kuye kwamiswa. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, yesimanje, cishe wonke amazwe eziphambili zaleli zwekazi wajoyina ukushikashikeka ngenxa ukutholakala kanye nokuthuthukiswa mazwe amasha. Nkathi kwezesayensi letibitwa ngekutsi "Unyaka Ukutholwa" ezaziwayo. Abaholi kulo mkhakha ePortugal naseSpain.

Western amazwe ngendlela evamile sokuthuthukisa amasiko: ku xv-XVI eminyaka kukhona kwenkathi Yenguquko, eqale e-Italy futhi enaba yonke lonke uthi esifundeni. Ngo XVII-XVIII eminyaka eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwafika Ukukhanyiselwa - isikhathi nesenzakalo imibono emisha mayelana namalungelo yemvelo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo eNgophezukonke kubantu. Umphumela - igagasi linemibhikisho wobunxiwankulu, okuyinto e amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, amazwe aseNtshonalanga baye bamukela. yi ababekhathazeke ngayo kakhulu kwakuwukutholela ukwamukelwa imodi kosozimali zokukhiqiza.

XIX leminyaka emlandweni Western Europe

Inkathi kaNapoleon Izimpi uye ngokuyinhloko ushintshe ibalazwe lase-Afrika. Ligalelo inqubo yenziwa futhi isinqumo eyalandela we Vienna Congress. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga ngekhulu le-19 zishintshile kakhula imigomo yezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo nezamasiko. Okokuqala ezintsha wathinta amandla amalungiselelo enkundleni ngamazwe. Ngo 1815 idaliwe Alliance oNgcwele, okuyinto mkhuba maqondana sokuhlanganiswa kwamazwe Western Europe.

I engavamile we okuqinisekile wukuthi ekhulwini XIX waqala ukwakha ngalokutsite esigodzini amakhulu empi-kwezombangazwe, okwakusho baba uhlobo okwandulela phakathi nezimpi ezimbili zomhlaba. Lamazwe ahamba phambili baseNtshonalanga Yurophu ngaleso sikhathi wenza eqa yangempela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo ezimbonini. Umnotho entsha elihlomile yadalwa, okuhloswe ngaso nokugcinwa emikhulu impi.

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, zaseYurophu ngekhulu XX

Ikhulu entsha kwaphawulwa ezimbili uthuthumele esabekayo, izimpi. Isimo Imbangela yempi waqala eNtshonalanga Yurophu (1914-1918) ne-Soviet Union (1941-1945). Kwaba impi phezu kwezwe, wanquma umphumela ngxabano. Izinqumo nabazali bokutholwa lapho izingqungquthela lamazwe aseNtshonalanga ne-Soviet Union, abanquma post-yimpi ezwekazini.

Ingxenye ekhulwini XX yesibili kwaphawulwa kwesimo phakathi kwe izinhlelo ezimbili - i-sezenhlalo kanye zama-Capitalist. Ukuthuthukisa amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngokuyisisekelo sihluke umbuso zamaKhomanisi eSoviet Union. Lezi ukuphikisana sezishiye ukudalwa ezempi nezombusazwe ngalokutsite esigodzini: Warsaw Pact atheleka eMpumalanga Yurophu NATO - eNtshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1948 naye eyasungulwa Western European Union, wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-2011. Ngo-1992, ngokusho iSivumelwano SaseMaastricht , European Union kwamiswa. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, uhlu okuyinto manje agcwele amalungu amasha, kwafinyelela izinga qualitatively entsha yentuthuko.

ENtshonalanga Yurophu ezweni lanamuhla

labantu European Union sika ingqikithi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500 abakhuluma izilimi Indo-European: okudlange kulo inkolo yamaRoma nesiJalimane. Insimu ihlanganisa ezingaphezu kuka-4 million amakhilomitha square - kuyinto lwesikhombisa emhlabeni.

I engavamile intuthuko yesimanje lamazwe Western Europe ukuzibophezela kwabo ukuhlanganiswa, naphezu ukuthambekela centrifugal kwezinye izifunda. Amandla luthathe indawo ehamba phambili kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela emhlabeni lwemali zegolide, ezingeni yentuthuko kwezomnotho kanye namasiko. Izimo yokugcina inquma yokuthi emazweni Western Europe ungomunye wabaholi enkundleni ngamazwe.