ENtshonalanga Yurophu eNkathini Ephakathi

Ephakathi eNtshonalanga Yurophu wawuqala V ukuze ngekhulu XVI. Isikhathi kuhlanganisa ekuseni, avuthiwe, ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi libhekisela feudalism.

Isici Western Europe

Ezwekazini laseYurophu kukhona izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kule nkathi, okwaphumela uthi eziningi kwatfutfukiswa esiphila ongazibona namuhla. Injwayelo yokufuna ukuba ngalesi sikhathi kakhulu wawungaphansi Antique. Naphezu kwalokhu, kwakukhona inqubekelaphambili enkulu zonke.

I nzima kakhulu kwaba inkathi ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. ENtshonalanga Yurophu kwakuseyisiqalo nje ukuvela. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ngokuwa okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, okuyinto sihlangabezane esibucayi ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona a kufuduka elikhulu lezizwe kanye has Ukuhlasela njalo zezizwe ngowezizwe. Against ngemuva yezimpi engapheli, ukubhujiswa, unya, kwakukhona kwathatha emhlabeni yobuKristu eseRoma. Isekelwe isimo ngaphambili we Ostrogoths, yamaVisigoth, Franks wazibonakalisa ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. ENtshonalanga Yurophu eNkathini Ephakathi waqala ukufana ibalazwe lesimanje zezombusazwe kuphela esikhathini ukuvuthwa ekhulwini X-XI. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwamiswa eJalimane, eNgilandi, eFrance, e-Italy, eSpain.

Isayensi Namasiko

Ngenxa yalokho yezimpi eziningi nemibango eNtshonalanga Yurophu ushayiwe kanzima. Ezinye imizi yasendulo esiyingqayizivele eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Cishe saphela ukuthuthukisa yezandla. Stagnated ekuthuthukiseni wefilosofi nesayensi. Ngokuphathelene yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ke singakhuluma neragelo phambili. Kwaba unomphela waqeda ukugqilazwa kwabantu, iqedwe sesimweni lapho iningi labantu abavamile eqinisweni futhi umthetho ababhekwa abantu.

Ngenxa isingeniso asebenzayo ubuKristu phakathi kwabantu waphawula kumiswa linezimiso ezicacile zokuziphatha nezingokomoya. Ukuziphatha okubalulekile waqala ukuba nethemba, ukholo nothando. Wakhuthaza uthando ngoNkulunkulu nabanye ukuthi wathatha izingqondo nezinhliziyo zabantu ngaleso sikhathi.

Umphakathi ngaleso sikhathi yizigaba ezintathu: ebukhosini izinduna, abefundisi nabo bonke abanye. Abefundisi ophakeme kubhekwe, okuyinto yena, nazo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ukuthi kukhona emibonweni eyehlukene nasezindabeni lekutsatfwa ngayo inkolo.

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Western Europe ku Ephakathi waba ukuthuthukiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu yobuciko, okungukuthi izakhiwo. Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa kungaba ngokuthi ngesihluku, abezizwe, njengoba umthelela nangenkathi odlule kwaba namanje uqine ngokwanele. Ayenziwa ukukhiqizwa: ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali, izingubo kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Yasungulwa miniature, okusho ncwadi imifanekiso, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa ikakhulukazi emizini yamaLoma.

Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-ubuciko eNtshonalanga Yurophu okuye kwafinyelelwa kuyo kuze Carolingians. Nginqobe uhlamvu ngesihluku. It uphromothiwe Karl Veliky, owadala Academy Wezobuciko uzungezwe izimbongi, ama-philosophers, abadwebi, ososayensi. Iningi ezikhumbuzo bokwakha eNtshonalanga Yurophu awela kulesi sikhathi.

Nge ukuqala ovuthiwe Ephakathi kanye kumiswa zikahulumeni ezintsha nesimo esibucayi yobuciko. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi isimo kuzole futhi izikhungo yobuciko nesayensi kukhona zezindela.