Isiko saseYurophu nama-Middle Ages zakuqala

"Middle Ages" ekuthuthukiseni izicabucabu ze-Renaissance ze-European Renaissance ezibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuncipha komhlaba wonke, okwawela ngesikhathi phakathi kwe-Antiquity enhle ne-Renaissance enekhono. Eqinisweni, isiko lama-Middle Ages (i-V-IX leminyaka leminyaka) kwakuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Liye laba isiteji esisha ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kweYurophu nokuphila okungokomoya.

Ukuguqulwa kuya eNkathini Ephakathi kusukela e-Antiquity kwaba ngenxa yokuwa kweMbuso WaseMpumalanga WaseRoma nokuwa kwesimiso sasendulo, kanye nokuGudluka Kwezizwe Ezinkulu. Ukuvela kwesimiso esisha kwenzeka ngokushayisana okuphawulekayo kwamasiko amabili ahlukene kakhulu - isendulo sasendulo (isiRoman) nesizwe esingasese (isiJalimane). Akukho nhlobo ebalulekile kunalabo ababili okukhulunywe ngabo kwakuyithonya elikhulayo lobuKristu, okwaba yisimiso esihlanganisayo somkhuba owodwa ophelele wezinga elisha.

Isiko seNtshonalanga Yurophu ekuqaleni kwama-Middle Ages liyingxube eyingqayizivele yamasiko ahlukene aphumela ekuhlanganisweni okukhulu kwezindabuko zefa lasendulo nemibono emifushane eyayiqhutshwa ngaphansi kwethonya lobuKristu. Yilokho okwaba yisiko esiyinhloko salesi sikhathi, umgogodla wombono omusha womhlaba, isimo sengqondo nokuqonda kwabantu.

Ukuphila okungokomoya kuhlale kusekelwe encwadini. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-Middle Ages, isisekelo somphakathi senkambiso sasihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

• Ukuphakanyiswa kwezwe elivela ezweni;
• Ukuvumelanisa kwamalungelo amakhosi angama-feudal ukuba athathe indawo (isistimu ye-vassal);
• Uhulumeni wesifundazwe u-Feudal, ongabandakanyi ukuba khona kwempahla yangasese ephelele.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimboni ezimbili zomphakathi nezamasiko - amakhosi amakhosikazi nabasimikeli abaxhomekile - kwakhiwa. Lokhu kwaholela ekwenzeni kwabahlakaniphileyo nabangokomoya abahlukene, abahluke ngokweqile "iningi labantu labangenalwazi". Izici zokuphila kwezomnotho, ezaba ne-Middle Ages zakuqala, zathonya kakhulu ukubunjwa kwamasiko.

Lesi sikhathi seYurophu siyigugu. Kwakukhona ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi imisebenzi eyenza ikusasa lempucuko yaseYurophu yaxazululwa. Ezikhathini zasendulo, "iYurophu" yayingekho njengomphakathi wamasiko namasiko. Yakha ifomu kuqala kuphela ngalesi sikhathi.

Ama-Middle Ages akuqala ukunikeza umhlaba impumelelo enkulu, kodwa yile nkathi eqala isiko se-European efanele. Ngakho-ke, inani lalo lingalinganiswa nezindawo zasendulo.

Izinto eziqhakazile kakhulu emkhakheni wempilo yama-5-7 eminyaka zihlotshaniswa nokufaniswa kwefa lasendulo, okuyinto eyayithandeka kakhulu e-Italy naseSpain. Imfundiso yenkolo kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlaziya zikhula ngokushesha. Kodwa kakade engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-7, isiko laseNtshonalanga Yurophu liyancipha. Wayehamba emakhosini, egcinwa yizindela kuphela.

Ama-Middle Ages - isikhathi sokudalwa kokuqala okubhalwe "Imlando" yabanqabile. Ukuqedwa kobugqila kwabangele ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinto zobuchwepheshe. Kakade ngekhulu le-6, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amanzi kuqala.

Kungenakwenzeka ukuphindaphinda impilo yamasiko wezizwe ezizwe. Kuye kwaqaphela yonke indawo ukuthi ngesikhathi seMfudumalo Enkulu isiqhwaga sinobuqhawe sesiqalile ukuqala . Ababhali base beletha umbono omusha ekubonweni kwezwe, ngokusekelwe kwamandla okuqala, izihlobo zomdabu, amandla anjengezempi, ubunye nemvelo kanye nokungalingani kwabantu abavela konkulunkulu.

Ama-Middle Ages aqala ukukhula kokuziqhenya kwabantu bezizwe. Ifilosofi yalesi sikhathi iholela ekufundeni jikelele. Umoya ukhulula phezu kwendaba, uNkulunkulu phezu kwezwe.

Izinkondlo zomlomo zikhula, ikakhulu eScandinavia naseNgilandi.

Ukubambisana kwakuyisici esikhethekile semasiko. Inkazimulo yayitholwa yi-troubadours - izinkondlo ezenza izinkondlo zazo zokuhlanganisa umculo.

Umlawuli wesigqi somphakathi ngumphakathi wezwe, owathi, nakuba engayinaki isigaba esilawulayo, ngomqondo othile ubusa impilo engokomoya yomphakathi. Ibandla alizange lithandane nabalimi, becabanga ukuthi ubuphofu buyisimo esihle. Izikole zaseYurophu zasezandleni zesonto, izinga lemfundo lalilinganiselwe.