Parenchymal ukopha: izimpawu kanye nosizo lokuqala

Kuyinto parenchymal ukopha, lapho igazi akemi, kodwa ngenxa ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi noma pathologies ezithile imikhawulo yabo ngalo ingaphakathi zomzimba zangaphakathi (peritoneal, pleural).

izinhlobo ukopha

Ukopha iyona ukopha izitsha. Ngokuvamile, iba imbangela umonakalo. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ukuhlukumezeka (okuyinto kwenzeka kaningi), noma imiphumela izinguquko sokugembula emzimbeni. Lokhu "ukuncibilika" izitsha kungabonakala sofuba, izimo oncological, izilonda, izitho zangaphakathi.

Ukopha zingahlukaniswa zibe zangaphandle, lapho igazi isitsha ezilimele kuthululiwe ngokusebenzisa isilonda noma ukuvuleka zemvelo, futhi zangaphakathi. Kulokhu, igazi aqoqana izimbotshana. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukopha zangaphandle:

• capillary - kuphakama ngenxa ukuvundulula umonakalo, igazi ikhishwe izinto eziningi ezincane, dropwise;
• Emithambo yegazi - kungenxa izilonda ezijulile (ukusikeka, wokubhoboza amanxeba) nge semali igazi ageleza amnyama obomvu;
• igazi - yisimangaliso umonakalo ngokujulile lapho lilimele lwemithambo udonga, kuthululwe igazi onesigqi jet futhi umbala obomvu;
• ukopha okuxubile kungaphinde kwenzeke izilonda lapho ezijulile, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ukopha isilonda kanye Umthambo futhi emthanjeni.

ukopha zangaphakathi

ukopha zangaphakathi kungabuye ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka inqubo kwasendaweni. Lapho namabhampa umonakalo esifubeni ingadala ukopha lapho igazi agelezela ingaphakathi pleural. Kulokhu, it is efaka khona, licindezele emaphashini. Kuyinto nobunzima lapho kubonakala e ukuphefumula nokukhuphula iphika.

Ukopha esiswini kungaba umphumela izifo zemizimba apakiwe kulo, e abesifazane kungase kube iphutha ukukhula komntwana ethunjini, kodwa ngokuvamile iningi imbangela ukopha zangaphakathi esiswini iba blunt ukuhlukumezeka besisu, okuyinto kuhambisana ukudabuka we isibindi noma ubende. Kulokhu sithi ukopha parenchymal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge igazi ukopha esinjalo sasingenakuba aphume kuphela ngalo ingaphakathi lesisu, kodwa futhi buthelela izicubu mkhulu, bakhulelisa kubo.

Uyini parenchyma

Parenchyma - indwangu, okuyinto isisekelo kwezitho eziningi zangaphakathi. Anatomically, walibumba is kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi umzimba EPITHELIAL, kwemizwa, kwemisipha, myeloid, noma lymphoid. izitho Parenchymal abhekwa kwesibindi, ubende, nezinso, izindlala ezihlukahlukene ngisho ingqondo. Isici kwalezi wukuthi ngamunye wabo Kumiswa parenchyma ezikhethekile imiklamo, ukuvumela umzimba ukwenza umsebenzi walo. Isibindi kuyinto izingxenye zalo e-izinso - the nephrons, e ubende - the follicle. Ngaphezu parenchyma, kule nokwakheka anjenge ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana stroma - izicubu nohlaka zezinzwa, okuyinto eyenza umsebenzi ukusekela kanye trophic. Uma umonakalo izitsha kulencane igazi (capillary) letiphakela kulezi zitho, kuphakama parenchymal ukopha. Kuvame ukuba kube lukhuni ukuxilonga khona, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi lapho ziqala ukunikeza usizo, ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka kwegazi. Yingakho uphethwe esifike ngesikhathi futhi stop parenchymal ukopha kuyinto ebaluleke we ohlinzayo.

Izimbangela parenchymal ukopha

nendawo ephambili phakathi izimbangela ukulimala kuthatha ngokungenamibandela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba yini imbangela - engozini yemoto, buhlungu noma bokuwa besuka endaweni ephakeme, - ngisho ukuchayeka ezincane kungase kube ngokwanele ukuqalisa parenchymal ukopha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngisho laceration sasivumela elincane emzimbeni capsule (futhi ngokuvamile unesisa kakhulu), njengoba nemithambo yegazi le parenchyma ngakho lapha ngamanani amakhulu, zilimele bese igazi iqala agelezele ingaphakathi lomzimba.

Ngaphezu ukulimala, shayela parenchymal isifo ezilandelayo zingasiza opha:

• izimila, kokubili okubulalayo nokuhlala ingozi;
• izifo (isifo sofuba);
• Pathology kwezitho parenchymatous (haemangioma);
• izilonda yisinanakazana;
• zokugula wegazi coagulation.

Mshini ukopha

Umphumela ukopha umzimba kungase kube ukopha (kuleli cala ukuba zithulule igazi lingene nezicubu eziseduze) noma hematoma. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-nezicubu umgodi agcwele igazi. Lapho parenchymatous ukopha kokubili ongakhetha zingenzeka. Ingozi iba ukuthi nemithambo yegazi le parenchyma, isakhiwo lawo lifile phansi cha, okusho ukuthi ukopha izoqhubeka. Ngisho noma akusiyo olunzulu, kusenzima izimpawu anaemia kuzokhulisa ngenxa yalokho, izitho nobuchopho oyohlushwa hypoxia. Nge eningi igazi ukulahleka eba oluhambisana ukushaqeka - usesimweni esibucayi lapho umfutho wegazi is kakhulu ziyancipha futhi ethuthuka izimpawu lezo zitho zomzimba.

Izimpawu parenchymal ukopha

Naphezu kwengozi engase imehlele sobala ekuphileni esiguli, ukopha okunjalo akukhona ukuthuthumela njalo angakwazi ukuhlonza ngokushesha. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ukopha kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi cishe namthelela jikelele nenhlalakahle. Parenchymal ukopha kusaqalwa kungenziwa esolwa ngu ubuthakathaka jikelele, ukozela, isiyezi. Isiguli omile, "izimpukane", futhi ukuhwalala samehlo, izithukuthuku ebandayo. yokufikelwa ezingenzeka. I degree of ukopha kungenziwa kukalwa izinto ezifana ishayela, umfutho wegazi nezinye izimpawu umgomo.

Nge ukulahlekelwa kancane igazi mhlawumbe ukwehla elincane ingcindezi kanye kwenhliziyo (80-90 bpm). Kwezinye izimo, kuba ngokuvamile sihamba ngaphandle izimpawu ezisobala, okuyinto kudala ngengozi enkulu nakakhulu njengoba parenchymal ukopha ngeke siyeke wena.

Ukuze ngokulinganisela ukopha nobuntu okwandisa kwenhliziyo amabhithi 100 ngomzuzu noma ngaphezulu ngamunye kanye nokwehla systolic blood pressure izinkomba ngezansi 90 mm HG. Art. Uphawula ukuphefumula okusheshayo, isikhumba ugodo, abandayo umjuluko clammy, emikhawulweni abandayo, nomlomo owomile, ubuthakathaka ezinzima, ukucobeka, ubuthakathaka, ukudideka ukwazi.

Endabeni ka ukulahlekelwa igazi systolic blood pressure lehla ngezansi 80 mm, futhi izinga ishayela kungaba idlule 110 ngomzuzu. Breathing engajulile, ukufunda okuningi, nablyudpetsya Yawning, ukozela sokugembula, liqhaqhazela, kwehle umchamo okukhipha, pallor okungazelelwe, marbling kwesikhumba, ukucobeka noma ukudideka, ukoma ubuhlungu, cyanosis wemikhawulo, akrozianoz.

Ukopha, okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila

Luhlelo lolukhulu lwa ukopha zangaphakathi libhekene ekunciphiseni ingcindezi kuya ku-60 futhi ngakhula kwenhliziyo 140-160 ngomzuzu. Cheyne-Stokes kwezimila (ukuphefumula ukunyakaza kuqala lujule futhi babe njalo, kodwa umfutho yabo 5-7 ephefumula iqala awe, kulandele kokuhlaba ikhefu). ukwazi Confused noma sahlukene nalo, ukukhanya nasebumpungeni, isikhumba ukuphaphatheka ngokucijile, ngezinye izikhathi ephethe tinge lemicu empunga elinamathela othini. izici zobuso iloliwe, amehlo ukucwila.

Lethal ukopha (njengoba umthetho, kuba wesithathu ivolumu, okusho 1.5-2 amalitha) kuhambisana ukuthuthukiswa ikhoma. Kulokhu, ingcindezi kuyehla ngezansi 60 mm, noma ukhetha ukungabuthinti nhlobo kunqunywa, ukunciphisa ishayela siyehla unhlangothi 2-10 waphawula Ukudlikizela, gasping emishinini yokuphefumula, abafundi osuke usuvulekile, isikhumba some, 'zemabula'. Ngokuvamile, lokhu isimo awushintsheki - nakanjani oza agony, bese ukufa.

Parenchymal ukopha - usizo lokuqala

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngokuvamile kakhulu ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ukunikeza usizo lokuqala ongasindisa impilo isiguli. Ngeshwa, eyodwa ayikwazi ishiwo ukopha zangaphakathi. Parenchymal ukopha asikwazi ukumiswa noma encishisiwe izindlela ngokurhaba, okubaluleke kakhulu, yini engenziwa ukuze isisulu - kunjani, okungukuthi, ukubiza i-ambulensi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuyibeka kubo esibhedlela kuhlinzwa.

Ukuze isimo lesiguli ayizange yawohloka, kuze ukufika kwalo, ungakwazi ukunikeza usizo elandelayo parenchymal ukopha:

• linike isisulu evundlile lemilenze ephakeme uma kwenzeka ukuthi mhlawumbe ukopha phakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu, noma isikhundla-semi ehlezi hemothorax esolwa;
• endaweni ukopha okuhloswe ukubeka abandayo.

Nakani! Iziguli izimpawu ukopha zangaphakathi akuvunyelwe nakancane ukufudumala yokwelapha ndawo, ntombazane ukuhlanza wenze enemas futhi unike nemithi ukufukula inhliziyo.

ukwelashwa

Kuze kube manje, indlela kuphela ukuyeka ukopha parenchymal - ukungenela kuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi eqhuba uhlelo oluphuthumayo, ngaphambi kwalokho izifundo ukuziphatha laboratory ahlola amaseli hematocrit, i-hemoglobin ezingeni futhi abomvu ukwenza i-ultrasound besisu, x-ray.

Kunezindlela eziningana ukuze uyeke parenchymal ukopha. Ziyakwazi:

• isitho resection;
• omiswe indlala;
• electrocoagulation isitsha;
• suturing semithambo;
• embolization imithambo yokudla;
• ukusetshenziswa of neziponji hemostatic.

Kanye stop ukopha, umsebenzi obaluleke kunayo yonke kimi isinxephezeliso ukopha, ukubuyisela umthamo microcirculation afundwa uketshezi ekuthuthukiseni. Ngenxa yale njongo eyenziwa ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, plasma bese igazi nemikhiqizo, nangokuligcina lihlanzekile 5% isixazululo glucose, nosawoti.