Imibuthano emikhulu futhi ezincane kwegazi: isikimu

Ngo ezincelisayo kanye Isimiso somuntu sokujikeleza kwegazi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo. Kuyinto irherho le-closed ehlanganisa ezimbili kwegazi. Ukunikeza esinegazi elifudumele, bungaphezu bazisa evumayo nangenkathi evumela umuntu ukuba luthathe kuleyo ndawo niche lapho manje.

I kwegazi ohlelweni - iqembu eziyize isitho kwemisipha obhekene kwegazi legazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha umzimba. It imelelwa inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi osezingeni ezahlukene. Lena isitho kwemisipha esakha umbuthano kwegazi. icebo labo kuhlongozwa kuzo zonke izincwadi ku nokwakheka echazwe lapha.

Umqondo kwegazi emibuthanweni

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi siqukethe tindilinga letimbili - esiqinile (ezinkulu) kanye wamaphaphu (ezincane). Around isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi yegazi ibizwa ngokuthi, capillary, isimiso se-lymph kanye emithambo yegazi-hlobo, esizolokhu ukugeleza igazi lisuka enhliziyweni ezitsheni kanye ukuhamba kwayo kolunye uhlangothi. Emaphakathi igazi emzimbeni kwegazi inhliziyo, ngoba akukho kuhlangana lwemithambo futhi emithambo yegazi kwegazi, iziphambano ezimbili.

kwegazi

Kwegazi uhlelo yokunikeza kwezicubu neuropathy igazi lwemithambo futhi ukubuya ngayo enhliziyweni. Kuqala kusukela ventricle engakwesobunxele lapho igazi liya ku-le-aorta ngokusebenzisa orifice yomthambo i-aorta ne-valve tricuspid. Wegazi yomthambo i-aorta siqondiswe imithambo ezincane futhi ukhoporali kuziwa capillary. Lokhu iqoqo emizimbeni obumba isixhumanisi okuholela.

Lapha kwezicubu bephethe oksijini, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu bayabanjwa-carbon dioxide. Futhi kwezicubu igazi uyisa amino acid, lipoproteins, glucose, imikhiqizo umzimba abazenzi we-capillary kanye ama-venule ezengeziwe emithanjeni emikhulu. Awela emithanjeni eziyize ebuyisela igazi ngqo wenhliziyo ATRIUM kwesokudla.

ATRIUM YANGAKWESOKUDLA uphela kwegazi. Isikimu ngalendlela lelandzelako (bebheke kwegazi): i-ventricle engakwesobunxele, le-aorta, le imithambo enwebekayo, nokunwebeka, imithambo kwemisipha kwemisipha lemithambo arteriole, ama-capillary, ama-venule, emithanjeni vena cava, igazi ibuyele ku wenhliziyo ATRIUM kwesokudla. Kusukela kwegazi ukondla ingqondo, wonke isikhumba, amathambo. Ngokuvamile, bonke izicubu womuntu bondliwa yegazi kwegazi, kanye kuphela endaweni elincane legazi oxygenation.

yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini

Yamaphaphu (ezincane) ukuzungeza, ogama uhlelo aboniswe ngezansi, iqala kusukela i-ventricle yangakwesokudla. It uthola igazi ATRIUM kwesokudla ngokusebenzisa orifice atrioventricular. Kusukela i-ventricle yangakwesokudla anoxic (emithambo yegazi) igazi ngokusebenzisa esidayisa (yamaphaphu) ipheshana ingena isiqu yamaphaphu. Lokhu Umthambo kuyinto aorta ohlabayo. It ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amabili, okuyinto ithunyelwa kokubili emaphashini.

Khanyisa - iyona ebusayo eyinhloko esakha indilinga lencane kwegazi. indoda isikimu ngokweqile izincwadi komzimba, uchaza ukuthi yamaphaphu ukugeleza kwegazi kuyadingeka ngoba igazi oxygenation. Lapha-ke kunikeza ubamba carbon dioxide ne-oksijini. Capillary sinusoidal kwamaphaphu ngomzimba atypical of microns-30 ububanzi futhi negesi lokushintshisana.

Ngemva kwalokho, igazi, ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo, ithunyelwa uhlelo emithanjeni intrapulmonary futhi eqoqwe emithanjeni yamaphaphu ezine. Bonke Banamathele ATRIUM kwesokunxele futhi athwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo. Ngalesi ekupheleni, kwase kunyatheliswa. Isikimu yamaphaphu ukubukeka encane mbuthano (bebheke ukugeleza kwegazi): i-ventricle yangakwesokudla, Umthambo yamaphaphu, Umthambo intrapulmonary, arteriole yamaphaphu, sinusoid yamaphaphu, ama-venule, umthambo yamaphaphu, ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele.

Izici sokuhamba kwegazi

Isici esiyinhloko salelo isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ukuthi siqukethe lamadiski ezimbili, kuba nesidingo inhliziyo ngamakhamera amabili noma ngaphezulu. I ukuzungeza izinhlanzi kuphela, ngoba akukho ukukhanya, futhi yonke negesi lokushintshisana kwenzeka izitsha zokuphefumula. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlanzi-inhliziyo ekamelweni elilodwa - futha odlulela igazi e isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela.

Izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo abe umgudu wokuphefumula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwegazi. Isikimu wokusebenza wabo ilula: emikhunjini ventricular igazi iqondiswe oyibanga lemithambo - e-capillary kanye emithanjeni. ukubuya emithambo yegazi ukuze inhliziyo futhi ukusebenza, kodwa ilungelo igazi atrial engena Imininingwane ngokuba emathangeni ezimbili ventricle kwegazi. Ngoba inhliziyo lezi zilwane, ezintathu-gumbi, igazi tindilinga letimbili (pooling eyeqile lwemithambo) kuyinto edidayo.

Kubantu (nezilwane ezincelisayo) inhliziyo isakhiwo 4-chamber. Amabili atrial futhi ezimbili ventricular ihlukaniswe It ngodonga. Ukungabi yokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili igazi (lwemithambo futhi emithambo yegazi) kwaba giant okusungulile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe esincelisayo futhi esinegazi elifudumele.

Supply igazi enhliziyweni namaphaphu

Ngo isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, esakhiwa tindilinga letimbili, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile lingamandla inhliziyo futhi wamaphaphu. Lona izitho ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ahlinzeke ngabodwa egazini ubuqotho izinhlelo zokuphefumula futhi kwegazi. Ngakho, emaphashini akhe babe kwegazi ezimbili mkhulu. Kodwa le ndwangu fed ngenxa uhla enkulu izitsha, kusukela aorta nokuvaleka kwemithambo azikhandle bakhishwe hilar izitsha bronchial kanye yamaphaphu ethwala igazi kuya parenchyma wamaphaphu. Futhi kusukela iminyango efanele ngeke udle umzimba, nakuba ezinye oxygen lisabalalisa kusuka lapho. Ngakho, imibuthano emikhulu nemincane kwegazi wesifunda elichazwa ngenhla, imisebenzi ehlukene (owodwa okucebisayo igazi nomoya-mpilo, futhi ithumela yona le emizimbeni yesibili, ukuthatha igazi deoxygenated kuzo).

Nenhliziyo semithambo inikwa amandla yi-umbuthano omkhulu, kodwa elise izimbotshana yayo uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka igazi elingenawo umoya endocardium. Kule ngxenye emithanjeni esivimba amanzi, mhlawumbe encane, bayifaka agelezela ngokuqondile emakamelweni inhliziyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igagasi ishayela ku nemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo kwasakazwa the diastole inhliziyo. Ngenxa isitho enikeziwe ngegazi kuphela uma 'uhlezi ".

kumnandzi

Imibuthano womuntu kwegazi wesifunda okumelelwe ezigabeni abafanele ngenhla, ukunikeza nezilwane ezincelisayo, nokukhuthazela okusezingeni eliphezulu. Vumela umuntu akulona wesilwane uwasebenzisa njalo amandla akhe ukuze basinde, kodwa lonke ezincelisayo uvunyelwe ukuba luthathe izindawo ezithile. Ngaphambili, base izilwane zasemhlabeni ayitholakali nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, nenhlanzi nakakhulu.

Esikhathini phylogeny wombuthano ezinkulu ke uvele ekuqaleni futhi yayinezinto eziningi, neyezinhlanzi. A circle encane kulekelelwa ngayo kuphela lezo zilwane zazo ngokuphelele noma ngokuphelele ezenziwe ichweba yalungisa yayo. Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, umgudu wokuphefumula kwegazi kubhekwa ndawonye. Basuke exhunywe levakalako ikhipha.

Lena ezibalulekile futhi asicekeleki kakade yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukukhululwa mshini izindawo zasemanzini komhlaba kanye isiphetho. Ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi Ngokuqhubeka yomzimba mammalian manje hhayi uhambe endleleni izinkinga zokwenza uhlelo zokuphefumula kanye kwegazi, futhi isiqondiso nzuzo oxygen- ezokuthutha umsebenzi igazi nokwenyuka wamaphaphu ndawo.