Womuntu emakamelweni inhliziyo: incazelo, isakhiwo, imisebenzi kanye nezinhlobo

Inhliziyo - lena isitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ibilokhu wafunda ososayensi kusukela yonke imikhakha yolwazi. Abantu uzama ukuthola indlela ukwenza impilo imisipha yenhliziyo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza yayo. Ulwazi ukwakheka komzimba womuntu, izitho zomzimba pathology kwenhliziyo, ngisho umuntu osesilinganisweni kuzokwenza uqonde izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni wethu. Bangaki emakamelweni enhliziyweni yomuntu? Kuphi baqala futhi baphethe kwegazi? Njengoba enikeziwe ngegazi inhliziyo? Zonke lezi mibuzo kuyotholakala impendulo kulesi sihloko.

inhliziyo nokwakheka

Inhliziyo esikhwameni emithathu ungqimba. Ngaphandle, basibekele pericardium (Avikelayo Bag) ngoba kukhona myocardium (imisipha ahlabayo) kanye endocardium (mncane ipuleti lwamafinyila ukumboza ngaphakathi kwamakamelo inhliziyo).

Emzimbeni womuntu umzimba itholakala maphakathi nesifuba. Ubizwa kancane aphambuka eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu, ngakho iningi ishiywe. Inhliziyo siqukethe amakhamera - izimbotshana ezine oxhumene esebenzisa valve. Lokhu ATRIUM ezimbili (sokunene nesobunxele) kanye ventricles amabili ngaphansi kwazo. Phakathi kwabo, behlukana valve, okuyinto ukuvimbela ukugeleza reverse igazi.

Izindonga ventricles mkhulu kunokhalo ezindongeni Atria, nevolumu kunabo, ngoba operation yabo bephushelwa ngegazi phakathi vasculature, kuyilapho atrial zibukele ukwamukela ketshezi.

Izici isakhiwo wenhliziyo-fetus osanda kuzalwa

Bangaki emakamelweni enhliziyweni yomuntu, okuyinto okwamanje azalwe? Futhi amane, kodwa Atria ukuxhumana nabanye ngembobo okwegobolondo septum. At the stage of embryogenesis, kubalulekile ukusula igazi lisuka enhliziyweni kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele, njengoba yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini Awekho - ukukhanyisa hhayi waqonda. Kodwa igazi ekuthuthukiseni umgudu wokuphefumula namanje uya, futhi kusukela aorta ngokusebenzisa komsele lwemithambo ke samaqanda.

Chamber fetus inhliziyo izacile futhi ngokuphawulekayo esingaphansi ukuthi lomuntu omdala, futhi kuyehla amaphesenti amathathu kuphela uyaca Imininingwane esivimba amanzi. Umsebenzi wayo ihlobene eduze irisidi glucose in egazini likamama njengoba senhliziyo esilimele ingane isebenzisa njengendlela substrate izakhi.

Igazi ukunikezela kwegazi

Igazi eligciniwe we myocardium kwenzeka esikhathini systole, lapho umfutho wegazi iwela izitsha ezinkulu. imithambo yegazi kwamakamelo inhliziyo zitholakala ekujuleni myocardium. Elikhulu ukuxhumelela imithambo yenhliziyo suka ngokuqondile aorta, futhi lapho ventricles, igazi enhliziyweni ukuba supply. Uma lamasu noma yiziphi izigaba siphazamisekile futhi isilethikusebenza.

emakamelweni enhliziyweni yomuntu ekwenzeni umsebenzi ukudonsa. Kusukela umbono physics, bamane akhishwa ketshezi kumbuthano avaliwe. Ingcindezi kudalwa kwesokunxele ingaphakathi ventricular, igazi eza phakathi ukwehla yayo yashesha ukuze sifinyelela ngisho nakulesi sikhathi-capillary kulencane.

I ukuzungeza ezimbili esiphawulekayo:

- ezinkulu, okuhloswe ukunikeza izicubu emzimbeni;

- amancane, ezisebenza ngokukhethekile kule yamaphaphu negesi lokushintshisana futhi izisekelo.

Afferent nezitsha efferent has ngamunye ekamelweni inhliziyo. Lapho igazi ageleza kumbuthano enkulu kwegazi? Kusukela kwesokunxele ATRIUM uketshezi ingena i-ventricle engakwesobunxele futhi sigcwalisa, ngaleyo ndlela kwande umfutho ngalo ingaphakathi. Lapho isifinyelele 120 mmAq, valve semilunar ehlukanisa ventricle kusukela aorta unwetshiwe, negazi ingena kwegazi. Phela capillary zigcwele, kukhona inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula yeselula kanye nokudla. Khona-ke, ngokusebenzisa uhlelo emithambo yegazi, igazi ageleza emuva inhliziyo, noma kunalokho, phakathi ATRIUM kwesokudla. Ukuze-ke efanelekayo engenhla futhi vena aphansi cava, uqoqa igazi lonke umzimba. Lapho uketshezi aqoqana isamba elanele, ke agelezela i-ventricle yangakwesokudla.

Kusukela kuthathela kwegazi emaphashini. Ayegcwele carbon dioxide futhi imikhiqizo umzimba, igazi lingena isiqu yamaphaphu. Futhi kusukela lapho imithambo kanye capillary kwamaphaphu. Ngemva gematoalveolyarny isithiyo negesi lokushintshisana kwenzeka imvelo yangaphandle. Kakade elinomoya-mpilo egazini ubuyela ATRIUM kwesokunxele, ukuze ubuyele ku-kwegazi. Lonke umjikelezo kuthatha imizuzwana engaphansi kwengu amathathu.

duty umjikelezo

Ukuze umzimba njalo uthola izakhi ezidingekayo kanye nowe-oxygen emakamelweni inhliziyo kufanele nesebenzelana kakhulu. Kukhona uhlobo ethile.

1. systole - uyisifushaniso ventricles. It ihlukaniswe yaba nezikhathi eziningana:

• Voltage: myofibers olulodwa encishisiwe, ingcindezi ku inyuka ingaphakathi, valve phakathi ATRIUM futhi ventricle ivaliwe. Ngenxa ukunciphisa kanyekanye azo zonke imisipha, ukucushwa kwe izinguquko ingaphakathi, ingcindezi antante mmAq 120.
• Ukuphuma: evulekile valve semilunar - igazi lingena elikuyi-aorta ne isiqu yamaphaphu. Ingcindezi ku ventricles futhi Atria kancane kancane isingcono, negazi eshiya ngokuphelele emakamelweni engezansi inhliziyo.

2. Diastole - ukuphumula infarction, futhi le nkathi reception yokwenziwa kwegazi. emakamelweni Inhliziyo engenhla ukuxhumana izitsha beyiletha futhi buthelela ethile yegazi. Khona-ke ama-valve atrioventricular zivulwa, futhi uketshezi agelezela ventricles.

Ukuxilongwa iziyaluyalu e isakhiwo nekusebenta inhliziyo

1. Electrocardiography. Lokhu kubhaliswa imihlola electronic ezihambisana imisipha. emakamelweni inhliziyo aqukethe cardiomyocytes ukuthi ngaphambi ukusikwa ngamunye ukhiqize engaba isinyathelo. Lokho-ke, futhi ama-electron benzelwe, esikhulu phezu kwesifuba. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, imaging kungathola ukungasebenzi bezakhamuzi inhliziyo, umonakalo yayo organic noma obusebenzayo (infarction, okuphambene ukunwetshwa ingaphakathi, khona ukuncishiswa ezengeziwe).
2. Auscultation. Listening ukushaya kwenhliziyo ndlela eminingi yasendulo ukumambula yokugula kwakhe. odokotela abanolwazi ngosizo kuphela eyodwa yezindlela kungathola iningi kwezinso kwesakhiwo futhi zisebenza kahle.
3. Ultrasound luhlolo. It ikuvumela ukuba ubone isakhiwo kwamakamelo inhliziyo, ukusatshalaliswa igazi, khona yokulimala imisipha kanye neminye imininingwane eminingi ezisiza lokwenza ukuxilongwa. Indlela kusekelwe yokuthi amaza ultrasonic kubonakala kusukela ukudla okuqinile (bone, imisipha, isitho parenchyma) futhi sidlule ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa ketshezi.

isifo senhliziyo

Njenganoma iyiphi enye sitho, inhliziyo ubudala buthelela izinguquko sokugembula ezibanga ukuthuthukiswa izifo. Ngisho ngendlela enempilo futhi nokuqapha njalo impilo, sonke sibhekana kusukela izinkinga esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. izinqubo sokugembula lingaphathelaniswa ne ukungasebenzi isitho noma isakhiwo, ukuze uthwebule eyodwa, ababili noma abathathu egobolondweni.

Ukwabela amafomu alandelayo nosological ka pathologies:

- arrhythmias futhi inhliziyo conduction kagesi (arrythmia, ukuvinjelwa fibrillation);

- izifo okuvuthayo: endo-, myo-, kwe-, pancarditis;

- abalufundile noma kombungu esizalweni;

- ukulimala ischemic nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye;

- izilonda semithambo;

- izinguquko sokugembula ogangeni esivimba amanzi.

Uhlobo yokugcina zokugula kuyadingeka ukuqaqa kulapho ngoba unobuhlobo ngqo emakamelweni inhliziyo.

Dilatation kwamakamelo inhliziyo

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, myocardium esiyingxenye udonga ekamelweni inhliziyo, kungenziwa ngaphansi izinguquko sokugembula, ezifana ngokweqile ukuzelula kancane noma ukuqina. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehluleka izindlela compensatory sivumele umsebenzi umzimba ngesikhathi overloads omkhulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukwanda wegazi ivolumu noma emakamu).

Izimbangela zenhliziyo osuke usuvulekile zihlanganisa:

1. Izifo of etiologies ehlukahlukene (isikhunta, amagciwane, izimuncagazi).
2. Ubuthi (utshwala, izidakamizwa, izinsimbi ezisindayo).
3. Lefundo zezinzwa izicubu isifo (imfiva ye-rheumatism, omzimba izicubu erythematosus).
4. Isimila we nezindlala adrenal.
5. Ukubambezeleka sokuwohloka kwemisipha.
6. Ukuba khona umzimba noma endocrine izifo.
7. nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo (idiopathic).

Ukwanda kwaleli ventricles

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukunwetshwa i-ventricle engakwesobunxele uyigazi layo zichichima. Uma umphini semilunar lilimele, noma le-aorta inyuka is ayisesemikhulu, imisipha yenhliziyo kuyodingeka isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla ukuze sikwazi saxosha ketshezi ohlelweni siteshi. Ingxenye igazi kwesokunxele e-ventricle, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ke sisalokhu. Isizathu sesibili kungenzeka ngegciwane noma zokugula kwemisipha endwangwini, ngenxa okuyinto ohlabayo inhliziyo odongeni iba flabby futhi ayikwazi ukunciphisa.

i-ventricle yangakwesokudla kungase kwandise ngobukhulu ngenxa yezinkinga valve we yamaphaphu Umthambo wegazi kanye nokunyuswa yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini. Lapho imithambo wamaphaphu mincane kakhulu, ingxenye yegazi esiqwini yamaphaphu emuva ku-i-ventricle. Ngalesi sikhathi ingxenye entsha notshwala uketshezi ATRIUM nezindonga ekamelweni zinwetshwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase babe kwasekuzalweni we Umthambo yamaphaphu. Lokhu kuholela ukwanda njalo ingcindezi ku-ventricle yangakwesokudla futhi ukwandisa umthamo yayo.

ukunwetshwa Atria

Isizathu sokuba ukunwetshwa ATRIUM yangakwesobunxele zokugula we valve: i atrioventricular noma semilunar. Ukuze uphushe igazi ku-ventricle imbobo, udinga butho elikhulu nesikhathi, ngakho ezinye igazi lihlale ATRIUM. Kancane kancane obusamanzi asalile luyanda, futhi isiqephu esisha ngegazi welula odongeni inhliziyo ekamelweni. Eyesibili isizathu ukunwetshwa kwesokunxele ATRIUM odongeni angawodwa fibrillation atrial. Kulokhu, lo pathogenesis bengayiqondi ngokugcwele.

I-ATRIUM kwesokudla yandisa ebukhoneni nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu. Lapho imithambo yamaphaphu kuthiwa ayisesemikhulu, it is Cishe ukuhlanekezela ekubunjweni igazi ku-ventricle yangakwesokudla. Futhi njengoba isivele egcwele ingxenye entsha uketshezi, ingcindezi ezindongeni ekamelweni kwandisa. valve Atrioventricular akusho asukume waphenduka ngaphandle. Njengoba igazi ageleza libuyiselwa ATRIUM. Ibe isilandelwa kukhona azalwa naso inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini. Kulokhu ephukile yokwakheka ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba, ngakho kungenzeka ukuhlobana Atria ezimbili futhi igazi kuhlangana. Lokhu kuholela ayehle kakhulu amandla emali izindonga ezikwazi ukumelana nokwanda yabo.

Ukwanda le-aorta

useshonile yomthambo i-aorta bungase bubangelwe ukunwetshwa kwesokunxele ventricle ingaphakathi. Senzeka indawo lapho udonga isikepe kakhulu thinned. ingcindezi ephakeme kanye ukuqina enyameni ezungezile ngenxa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, anda umthwalo phezu izingxenye untenable odongeni semithambo. Kumiswa protrusion Sacciform, okuyinto kudala omawala ezingeziwe ukugeleza kwegazi. Useshonile Kunengozi ngenxa ukudabuka okuzumayo ukopha zangaphakathi, kanye umthombo amahlule.

ukwelashwa Ukuvuleka komlomo

Ngokwesiko, ukwelashwa sehlukaniswe yezokwelapha futhi kuhlinzwa. Njengoba amaphilisi ukunciphisa inhliziyo welulela ikhamera akusebenzi, ukwelashwa bebhekise causative isici: ukuvuvukala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, rheumatism, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi noma isifo samaphaphu. Iziguli kufanele silondoloze enempilo futhi ukuhambisana isincomo udokotela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi nesineke mncane igazi lula ndima yayo ngokusebenzisa ushintsho emakamelweni inhliziyo.

Ukuze izindlela kuhlinzwa zihlanganisa zokwakha we stimulator, okuzokwenza nomthelela ekuncishisweni ephumelelayo isimo esishubile odongeni inhliziyo.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa zokugula esivimba amanzi kuyadingeka ukuze afeze imithetho eyisisekelo:

- give up imikhuba emibi (ugwayi, utshwala);

- ukuze bagcine umbuso lomsebenzi futhi siphumule;

- ukudla ngendlela efanele;

Ukuya Ake sibuyele embuzweni wethu: Zingaki emakamelweni enhliziyweni yomuntu? Njengoba igazi ihamba ngomzimba? Yini uyasondla inhliziyo? Futhi kanjani-ke wonke umsebenzi? Sithemba ukuthi ngemva kokufunda anatomy eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi physiology umzimba isibe kancane sobala.