Cultural izakhiwo amagciwane: Ukukhonjwa, incazelo, izici kanye umsebenzi

Microbiology - isayensi olubanzi yesimanje ukuthi etadisha izakhiwo kwamakhemikhali kanye ngokomzimba, morphology futhi systematics kwamagciwane. Izwe ligcwele prokaryotes lenqwaba zinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukuze uhlole yonke imingcele alawa magciwane abasebenza nge namasiko abo kwimidiya ekhethekile izakhi ngaphansi kwezimo oyinyumba. izakhiwo Cultural-bacterium - ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuze abone futhi ukufunda prokaryotes.

Kuyini ikoloni -bacterium?

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi prokaryotes - a eziphilayo owumphumela. Ziyakwazi kalula futhi ngokushesha nande kabili isibalo sawo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi, njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu 20-30. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi lena inchubekelembili weJiyomethri ukukhula isiko.

Colony - inzalo ka-kuseli eyodwa, olwenzeka ebonakalayo izindodla nezilwanyana ezincane konemimoya izakhi. On ubukhulu koloni, nombala kanye nezinye izici morphological e isiko laboratory ukuchaza izakhiwo zama-bacterium.

Ukuze ukufunda kwemigomo amaqoqo ngabanye lamaseli prokaryotic, a izakhi naphakathi ekhethekile. Yena nezilwanyana ezincane kungaba ande ngokushesha, t. Ukuze. It yakhiwa izinto kubalulekile umzimba amagciwane. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5 (isikhathi ingahluka) ku Petri isidlo avele iphuzu ebonakalayo lizwakale, futhi lapho isebenza.

I sampuli amagciwane ezitholakale kunoma yimuphi imvelo, oyi-buhlanjululwe ukuze ukunciphisa inani lama-bacterium awusizo per unit ivolumu. Le nqubo uqhutshwa umsebenzi ukhululekile esikhathini esizayo, isb. K. kungenzeka I ngokweqile ukuhlwanyelwa silwanyana ukukhula naphakathi embozwe ungqimba okuqhubekayo amakoloni (okubizwa ngokuthi "iphimbo"). Khona-ke amaphuzu ngabanye ezicashile, futhi izinqubo eziningi azinakwenzeka ukwenza.

Umqondo amagciwane isiko izakhiwo

Kanjani ukuhlaziywa amakoloni nezilwanyana ezincane? Yini nemingcele kufanele kubhekwe kulolu cwaningo?

Izimpawu amakoloni webhaktheriya kwi medium ukukhula senziwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno eziningi. Lezi zihlanganisa izakhiwo morphological, kwamakhemikhali kanye bokuphila ezincane, futhi zonke lezi nemingcele zinqunywa emabangeni laboratory. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehlukana ezibukwayo amakoloni igciwane ibhaliswe ngokushesha ngemva kulinywe yabo. Ezinye izici eziye zahlolisiswa nge imishini ekhethekile (microscope) noma izindlela ezithile ukusebenza metabolites analyzers izinto, zombala, ama-enzyme kanye neminye imikhiqizo prokaryotic umzimba.

Ezinye izakhiwo amagciwane isiko aboniswa ngezansi.

1. usayizi waleli qulo. Kungaba encane kakhulu, amancane, aphakathi nendawo kanye enkulu. I ububanzi ulinganiswa ngamamilimitha futhi zingaba phakathi 0.1 kuya 5 nokuningi. Amakoloni esingeqile 1 mm ububanzi, abizwa ngokuthi iphuzu.

2. Umbala kanye nekhono ukukhulula sombala Umbala imvelo.

3.Poverhnost. Lapha, kunqunywa kungaba bushelelezi, anolaka, engalingani noma eligoqiwe nhlobo.

4. iphrofayela wekoloni: wentaba, convex, tapered noma nje flat.

5. Isakhiwo waleli qulo. Kungaba bushelelezi, struychatoy, indawo noma esihle.

6. izakhiwo Optical: esobala, angenisa ukukhanya, opaque, Fluorescent, matt noma shiny;

7. Ukungaguquguquki. I koloni ungaba uketshezi noma viscous, kuyinhlama noma filmy, oily noma ziyaqothuka.

8.Kray koloni: bushelelezi, Lobed, rizoidny, mihlobiso, scalloped, njll ...

Uma usebenza namaqembu amancane lamaseli usebenzisa ngesibonakhulu. Nge ukukhuphuka kancane kuyabonakala futhi emaphethelweni aleli koloni kanye nephrofayili yayo kanye ebusweni. Ezinye izimpawu, kuphenyisiswe ngosizo amakhemikhali. Ukungaguquguquki zingatholakala ngokuthinta iluphu inzalo noma pipette ekoloni. kunqunywa Ngakho izakhiwo kwamasiko kanye kwamakhemikhali kwamagciwane.

zizalela emhlabathini

Isetshenziselwa amagciwane ngenkuthalo lande elabhorethri abezindaba isiko. Ngokwesibonelo, mhlawumbe bangamaJuda yemifino noma okuvela ezilwaneni, kane - okuqinile noma uketshezi. Amapharamitha ebalulekile ekwakhekeni Izingxube sinjalo asidi njalo ingcindezi osmotic futhi, yebo, khona-enzyme, amavithamini, micro- futhi macrocells. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nemithombo carbon, i-nitrogen ne-hydrogen.

Lesi sangoma izakhi iyadingeka ukuba sobala noma angenisa ukukhanya, ukuze bakwazi ayichaze sezindawo amagciwane isiko. Agar ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa njengoba indaba kokuqala ukwenziwa imidiya enjalo. Kungaba e liquid (esibunjiweyo) isimo, kodwa ikakhulu kakade ngokushesha batheleka petri dish kanye Uqinisa.

abezindaba Liquid izakhi zisetshenziselwa ezimweni zaselebhu, kodwa ngenxa isimo wokuhlanganisa we physiology ezincane, isiko izakhiwo amabhaktheriya wafunda ukuhluka kancane. Kukhona nemingcele ezibalulekile ezifana degree of turbidity, ebusweni, noma eduze kwangaphansi ukukhula odongeni ebusweni. I kwenze luyimbudumbudu, eyohlobo noma ngesimo ishq, kanye nezinye izici ukuthi lungase lubonwe kuphela naphakathi ketshezi.

Amathuluzi umsebenzi

Nge manipulation amaseli webhaktheriya ezidinga ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi laboratory inzalo. Ukuhlanyela cwaningo isiko izakhiwo nezilwanyana ezincane kudinga iluphu webhaktheriya noma pipette Pasteur. Bobabili amathuluzi kufanele inzalo elangabini ngesibani utshwala, ithiphu pipette ngaphambilini wajinge wanamatsela.

Lezi Amadivayisi ezilula ukusiza lapho esebenza izitshalo endaweni yokucwaninga njengoba osebenzelana okuqinile futhi uketshezi.

3 amakoloni isigaba ngokuhlukana isehlane

Indaba kokuqala ngokuvamile iqukethe ingxube amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Gqamisa iqembu oyifunayo amakoloni elingalodwa amaseli - inqubo azinabo nekhathazayo ukunakwa. Ubizwa yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukuba Wedwa batch isiko lama-bacterium awusizo, phakathi okukhona kuyo okudingekile ngathi ukuba ukufunda.

2. Ukwehlukaniswa inetha amakoloni angawodwa ngosizo izindlela ezikhethekile zikhethe.

3. Ukukhula nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha zama-bacterium amaseli, ethwele nabo.

Yiqiniso, ukuze "ukukhiqizwa" zama-bacterium kwakudingeka ukuba kwelashwe ingqondo eliphakeme imvelo, futhi esimweni prokaryotes pathogenic noma ezingena ngentuba ningakwazi nonke sebenzisa indlela begazi uphenyo. Ingqikithi lokhu ukuthi umzimba ukhethwa, okuyinto ebucayi ukuze igciwane. Lokho kuvela e izilwane zokuhlola, futhi ngenxa yalokho e isampula yegazi, ungathola eziningi umsebenzi odingekayo ukuze amaseli prokaryotic.

Ukuba Wedwa isehlane amakoloni

izakhiwo yamasiko gciwane zihlolwe kuphela emakoloni aqhelelene futhi emsulwa. Ukuze uthole yimiphi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo angaphandle-bacterium ku petri dish, usebenzisa indlela Koch. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ezintathu ezahlukene kanye khulula lendebe ne medium izakhi ibekwe amagciwane efanele. Futhi kwenza loop efanayo noma pipette asalile, r. E. Akusekho okunye esusa amaseli webhaktheriya ngemva medium isiko yi izinkomishi lokuqala nelesibili. Ngakho, olwesithathu isibalo amagciwane uzokwehla futhi kuyoba lula ukuthola leli koloni isifundo.

izakhiwo Cultural - izisekelo yamagciwane

Isifundo lamaseli webhaktheriya njalo iqala ukuhlolisiswa koloni lazo. Ngokusho uhlu ezithile imingcele uchaza iqembu nezilwanyana ezincane ku-petri dish, bese smear iqinile futhi ngaleyo ndlela ekulungiseleleni izidakamizwa. It is ziphathwe ngesibonakhulu futhi kakade ukuchaza amangqamuzana ngamanye waleli qulo. Bobabili izenzo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuhlonza amagciwane: pathogenic noma cha, eqenjini taxonomic kukhona, nokunye ..

Lapho ungathola amagciwane?

Cishe yonke indawo. Zihlala emoyeni, futhi ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi emanzini, futhi ezimweni ezinjalo ezixakile, efana iziphethu, izintabamlilo noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Arctic izinguzunga zeqhwa. Amabhiliyoni amagciwane atholakala emzimbeni wethu wobuntu, futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona kokubili zinhlobo okuzuzisayo pathogenic.

Smear nge iyiphi indawo, uma nje lingazange ngaphambilini inzalo, ukuze petri dish uyonika eziningi izinhlobo ezahlukene amakoloni. Ama-bacterium ziqhume cell noma cha, kuncike yokwakheka substrate izakhi, elivame ukusetshenziswa yokutshala nezilwanyana ezincane ezidingekayo. Ngakho, ngihlela kusengaphambili ukuthi imvelo yokhetho lapho izinhlobo ezithile zama-bacterium angaphila.

Nokumisa ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa noma ukuhlonza amagciwane isiko izakhiwo. Microbiology zezinkinga ezivamile ezifana zokutshala kanye nokukhula amakoloni, izibonelo zalokho zabo, imishini inzalo kanye umsebenzi ngokucophelela phezu ilangabi isibani umoya.

isiphetho

Laboratories eziningi begazi isifundo lamaseli webhaktheriya zasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu izikhungo zokuxilonga izinhlangano ngokwesayensi. izakhiwo Cultural-bacterium - kungenye yezindlela ukunquma izilokazane ezincane ezisiza uma usebenza nge "Iziphuzo" izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba prokaryotes. Futhi, ulwazi indlela ehlelekile iqembu kuhlanganisa owodwa noma kwesinye isitokisi, okuvumela waphinda ukuqinisekisa Yiqiniso ekuhloleni bawo nezinto ezasetshenziswa.