Kanjani ukufeza indlela inhlangano khulula?

khulula inhlangano indlela kabanzi lisetshenziswe Psychology u-Adalberto isikhathi eside. Umbhali wayo ingenye owaziwa kakhulu futhi impikiswano kakhulu emlandweni psychoanalysis Freud sasho. Nguye aphakanyisiwe le ndlela futhi alisebenzisela kulo umsebenzi wakhe, lidlule kubafundi bakhe futhi kufakwe kuwo kule psychoanalysis okuthiwa, lapho wathola udumo lwakhe. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe indlela inhlangano khulula, lokho elikumelelayo nalokho isetshenziswa ke lesi sihloko ukuphi.

Freud sasho

Uma ukukhuluma mayelana indlela inhlangano khulula, kubalulekile ukusho lowo wethula le ndlela, okungukuthi, Freud sasho. Yena wayehlala futhi esebenza e Engxenyeni yesibili yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Yazalwa ngo-uMbuso Austrian emzini Freiberg, okumanje ngokwendawo kungokwalabo Czech Republic. Yena negalelo elikhulu kwengqondo, futhi imisebenzi yakhe zisasetshenziswa futhi saziswa, wafunda e amanyuvesi kanye ekusebenzeni, nakuba kwakungelona njengelisebenzayo njengakuqala. Wasungula isakhiwo emithathu ingxenye psyche, umqondo wegama elithi "mina", "kulo" nangokuthi "super-ukuzazisa". Lokho Freud watshela izwe mayelana izigaba psychosexual lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu, wachaza izindlela ukuzivikela of psyche womuntu, nokuningi, ngenxa yalokho iye yaba indawo egcwele ezingokwengqondo zengqondo, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "kaFreud". Futhi ngo kohlaka Freudianism futhi kukhona okuthiwa psychoanalysis, okuyinto Inyakazisé emhlabeni wezokusebenza kwengqondo wezifo zengqondo ngaleso sikhathi. ingxenye yayo esemqoka yiyona ndlela inhlangano, ngakho asikwazi ukukhuluma ngakho ngaphandle uzitshele mayelana psychoanalysis bebonke.

Kuyini psychoanalysis?

Ngakho kwenzekani e psychoanalysis indlela inhlangano khulula? Freud esekelwe umsebenzi wakhe kule ndlela. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi lusemqoka psychoanalysis.

Psychoanalysis - isiqondiso of kwengqondo, ogama umsunguli kuyinto Freud sasho. Wayekholelwa ukuthi zonke psyche womuntu sehlukaniswe abazi futhi equlekile. Futhi psychoanalysis, ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izindawo, iye igxile ukusebenza nje ne equlekile. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ukutadisha isimo lesiguli, ukumsiza, ayokwelashwa Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa hhayi izindlela ezivamile kakhulu, ezazihlanganisa ngisho cazelo of phupha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusobala, lobu buchwepheshe baba langempela, futhi indlela inhlangano khulula, izibonelo zazo kuxoxwa kamuva, waze waba omunye abaholi kwengqondo wezifo zengqondo.

Kuyini lokhu indlela?

indlela inhlangano khulula e psychoanalysis, njengoba wazi, unesikhundla eziholayo linendima ebalulekile. Kodwa kuyini na? Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, psychoanalysis Freud sika kuhloswe le equlekile psyche womuntu, futhi kuba ngenxa yalesi simo, le ndlela isebenza. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi umhlaziyi akalingi ukusebenza imicabango okunengqondo nemibono isiguli, uzama ukuthola kuzo izintwa, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi Komuntu uzama ngibufihlele nxazonke ngisho yena. Kodwa kusebenza kanjani ncamashi? Kanjani ukuze uthole endaweni okusekujuleni psyche womuntu? khulula izwi inhlangano amasu yilona thuluzi ephelele ukuze uthole kahle ukuthi kudingeka sihlehlele.

kuyinto le ndlela kanjani?

Ngakho, ngokuyisisekelo indlela itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umhlaziyi ivumela isiguli sakhe ukusho konke efikayo engqondweni yakhe. Akayibuzi ehola imibuzo hhayi uzama ukuthola okuthile. Akafuni becela bavimbela noma yimuphi umzwelo - isiguli futhi aqambe konke efikayo ikhanda lakhe, ngisho nasezintweni ezinenhlamba kakhulu nenhlamba. Jobe umhlaziyi - ukulalela nesineke, ubhale phansi yonke into umfudlana ukwazi ugeleza uvela umlomo lesiguli, bese ukuze bathethelele igama kulo mkhakha, okungukuthi, ukuba ahlaziye ulwazi. Efika kuqala kungase kubonakale kancane okungenangqondo - ukuthi kungenziwa etholakala ukugeleza ngamazwi akuyona into engavimba? Nokho, empeleni izinto ezilula ukuze kungase kubonakale cha. Freud ngeke emahle, uma kwaba ukusakaza evamile ukwazi, hhayi okunye.

Ukusebenza engakunakile

Ngakho-ke yini imfihlo yokwenza indlela onjalo owawuthandwa emhloleni inhlangano khulula? Ukuhunyushwa ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela nesineke, hhayi usesho okusanhlamvu ingqondo e ukugeleza delirium, njengoba kubonakala sengathi eziningi. Eqinisweni, Freud sasho babekholelwa ukuthi division of psyche abazi futhi equlekile elikhona wonke umuntu, futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi psychoanalysts ziqondiswe kuphela bayazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakufunayo iziguli zabo imibuzo okunengqondo ukuthi ngamabomu ubaphendule okunengqondo. Nokho, ingqondo akazange avumele ukuba izinkinga ezijulile waphumela ngaphandle - akekho ngamabomu akafunanga mukela them, futhi ayikwazanga ngisho ngokuvamile, ngoba wayengazi ukuthi zikhona, njengoba engqondweni wabanakekela ngokuphepha. Uyini umehluko phakathi indlela inhlangano khulula? Into wukuthi le ndlela kususa yonke imikhawulo ukwazi - isiguli okwakwenqatshelwe cabanga lokho akushoyo, bezama ukuba uhlole amazwi, ukuhlunga imibono. Yena bekumele usho yonke into weza ekhanda lakhe. Kuyinto ngenxa yalokhu futhi wenza eya izinkinga ezifihliwe kakhulu ekujuleni enganakile, isiguli engafuni noma asikwazanga ngisho ukutshela psychoanalyst yakhe, uma ucelwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, okungukuthi, ebhekisela bayazi hhayi equlekile yakhe.

inhlangano unfree

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ngaleyo ndlela, Freud ngokwakhe akazange babheka inhlangano ikakhulukazi "mahhala". Wayengumuntu linombono ukuthi zilawulwa inqubo enganakile. Futhi sibonga le ndlela, ukwazi lesiguli akakwazi ukulawula konke kufihlwe ezinzulwini zalo. It okuhambisa lolu lwazi, ngoba ngokuvamile akuyona emgceni locondzile kodwa ifomu abangokomfanekiso - lapha kufika ku-umhlaziyi abanolwazi, ngubani kumelwe nakancane izimpawu wathola.

ukuhumusha

Incazelo akukanciphi ithuluzi ebalulekile psychoanalysis kuka inhlangano khulula. Ngaphandle kwayo, le ndlela ngeke isebenze njengendlela psychoanalyst uyomane ubhale phansi ukusakaza ukwazi. Ukuhunyushwa - inqubo psychoanalysis, ngawo izinhlangano izwi uguqulwa futhi uthathe ifomu ubunjalo inkinga, okuyinto isiguli ngokungazi ezama ukudlulisa. Futhi kwaba kakade kungenzeka ukusebenza isixazululo. Njengoba ubona, psychoanalysis Freud sika kuye kwasusa umgoqo yangempela kwengqondo wezifo zengqondo, evumela abantu ukuba uthole izinkinga obuseduze kakhulu ukuthi akukho abebengakwenza ukuze wenze ngamabomu. Kuphela ngosizo engakunakile wakwazi ukuya phansi, yingakho psychoanalysis Freud sika usuthandwa ngakho wangena zonke izincwadi ku Psychology, psychoanalyst ngisho psycholinguistics.

Isibonelo indlela

Ngakho psychoanalysis usebenzisa indlela inhlangano khulula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: Isiguli elala phezu kombhede kanye umhlaziyi uhlezi esihlalweni eduze kwekhanda lakhe. Ezimweni eziningi, isiguli angasaboni psychoanalyst, noma ubona nje ingxenye encane yawo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze lutho ekuphazamisayo kuye kusukela uhlobo ababezohlangana kuyo noMbusi equlekile. I umhlaziyi akusho ukubuza imibuzo eqondile njengoba esimisweni ejwayelekile - kumane nje kusiza isiguli shí ukugeleza equlekile, ukuze sifinyelele emsukeni wenkinga, okuyinto kufihlwe ngenxa indlela zokuzivikela ukwazi. Ngenxa yalokho, lo umhlaziyi ethola ukwaziswa ngokuvamile asiveli njengoba umbhalo ngqo, futhi ngokomfanekiso. Wabe psychoanalysis njengoba uchwepheshe isebenzisa amakhono akhe ukufunda ku isithombe inkinga futhi ukusiza isiguli ukuze siyixazulule.

Ezinye izinhlobo indlela inhlangano khulula

Nokho, Freud hhayi kuphela esetshenziswa le ndlela, abanye ososayensi baye nawo ayelisebenzisa lapho umkhuba wabo. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke phakathi kwazo Carl Gustav Jung. Wayenezingane psychoanalysis yakhe - ngisho manje zihlukaniswe ku psychoanalysis futhi kaFreud Jungian. Nokho, Jung indlela inhlangano khulula esetshenziswa ngokuhlukile kancane - ke yenza ayelithanda kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi izinhlangano amahhala, kuyilapho Freud ngokwakhe wavuma zabo okungezona khulula, kwakuwukuthi le nqubo yokubethelwa, kanye bagxila ngqo izinhlangano. Kodwa zombili lezi zindlela waphumelela kakhulu futhi ekugcineni waba edumile emhlabeni wonke.