Theory yesimo senhliziyo. Kusukela inhlanganiso yocezuningi ukuba Pavlová

Ukuze ukhulume ngale ndlela ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela Ubumnene, kuqale indlela yokuqonda izwi. Temperamentum (latin.) - isilinganiso evamile eziningana izici ezingokwengqondo noma iqoqo izici ngazinye umuntu ohlangene zokuziphatha, ashukumisayo izakhiwo uhlamvu. It ephawula umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa umzimba.

Kule ndaba kukhona izifundo eziningana ababhali ezahlukene, kodwa ukuthi bonke bangabafundi e ezihlobene noma esekelwe ithiyori Ubumnene akhiwa uHippocrates nganoma iyiphi indlela. Wayibiza ngokuthi i-"humoral" (kusukela Latin "humors." - ketshezi). Gippokrat exhumene izakhiwo Ubumnene uketshezi begazi linqoba emzimbeni:

• Bile (ihholo): engaphathekile, ethakazelisayo, kuqhume, izimo zishintsha ngokushesha - a choleric;
• isikhwehlela (phlegm): ezolile, phlegmatic, okunempilo futhi okunokulinganisela ushintshe kalula ukunakwa - lena phlegmatic;
• igazi (Sangvis): lula ukukhuthazelela ubunzima, bejabule, inethemba lokuhle, nobudlelwano - a sanguine;
• black Bile (wokulinganisa ihholo): namahloni, uthambekela ukudumala agodliwe, sensitive ezingemnandi - kuyinto melancholic.

buka Melika nawaseYurophu wesayensi

kusetshenziswe imibono nezindlela ezifanayo Ubumnene esungulwe German E. Kretschmer futhi W. Sheldon American. Ngu Kretschmer (theory ngokomthethosisekelo), ubunjalo kanye nokuthambekela isifo kwengqondo abantu abahlangene Ukuklanywa komzimba womuntu:

• Leptosomatik (aphuke kalula) - uhlobo shizotemichesky. Uthambekele yokuguquka yokuveza imizwelo yakho, ivaliwe futhi zibe nenkani.
• Picnic (obukhulu) - uhlobo tsiklotemichesky (cyclothem - ukugula ukwenama-bacindezeleke). Kulula ukuxhumana, umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela, uthambekela lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwa.
• Athletic (Athletic) - uhlobo iksotemichesky (iksotemiya - isithuthwane). Epholile, akuhlukile ukucabanga nezimo.
• Displastik (ayakhiwanga kahle) - ezixutshiwe uhlobo Ubumnene.

W. Sheldon yaveza izinhlobo ezintathu izinhlobo Ubumnene , kuncike Ukuklanywa komzimba:

• tserebrotonik: Kretschmer ngalesi leptosomatik futhi inhlanganiso yocezuningi - melancholic;
• somatotonik: ngokufanele, ethanda ukuzilolonga, choleric;
• vistserotonik: epikinikini futhi sanguine.

Lo mbono okungenani, futhi yayidumile phakathi Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, kodwa ubuhlobo esizayo phakathi Ukuklanywa komzimba nangokwengqondo ukugula wawubhekwa njengendawo unproven.

Eduzane ngokoqobo

Zonke eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma yesimo senhliziyo kwengqondo, kokuba ukunemba elanele izincazelo, kodwa azikwazi njengesenzo umbhedesho ngokuphelele. Ngoba nje empilweni yangempela mix izinhlobo ngeziphambeko ezindinganisweni sivunyiwe.

buka Soviet

AI Pavlov kulolu cwaningo we kwemizwa uhlelo izinhlobo wacasulwa iqiniso lokuthi excitation futhi okusithiyayo izinqubo zayo zenzeka umuntu ngamunye simo ngabanye. Kuye ijubane yabo, ebona izinhlobo ezine:

• Mobility: ephapheme, eqinile (inhlanganiso yocezuningi - choleric);
• ababuthakathaka: ongenakulinganisela (melancholic);
• sokwehlisa: angasebenzi (phlegmatic);
• idlange khona: eqinile, ongenakulinganisela (sanguine).

Njengoba ubona, zonke theory eyisisekelo Ubumnene ngandlela-thile aphambana nemfundiso Hippocratic. Ingqikithi ingenye, amagama nje ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuphila kwangempela alingeni iyiphi imfundiso yokuziphendukela Ubumnene kuyinto amaphesenti ayikhulu. Ungasebenzisa kuphela ukhulume amaphethini.