Izinkinga yokuziphatha: izinhlobo, izimbangela, ukulungiswa. imodeli ukuziphatha

Isihloko ubuhlobo kwezingane nabazali, kanye Psychology womuntu yokuziphatha manje ziba ezibalulekile. omama abaningi bazibuze, 'Kungani ingane yami ngesikhathi abanye baqala ukuhleka iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile? Ngasizathu simbe, kwaba ukubuyisa ngakho abanye, abe nolaka nomdlandla ngokweqile futhi inkinga? "Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zitholakala izincwadi zabafundisi classical ezifana L. S. Vygotsky, P. P. Blonsky, A. S. Makarenko nokunye. D. kodwa uma ulifunda awunaso isikhathi, siphakamisa ukuthi ukufunda lesi sihloko ukuqonda yonke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela nengane kwengqondo ukufunda izinhlobo kuphazamiseka futhi ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba, futhi ukuthola efanele ukulungisa yayo kanye nemfundo yonke ingane.

ukuziphatha zokuzithandela futhi okungalindelekile

Ngo Psychology, ukwehlukanisa ezimbili zinhlobo zokuziphatha: yokuzithandela futhi okungalindelekile. Ingabe ihlelwe izingane sokuqala ukubonisa ukuzibamba umthwalo kwezamabhizinisi. Ziyakwazi bazimisele ukuzithoba imigomo yabo kanye nemigomo ebekwe umphakathi, nemithetho, imithetho yokuziphatha futhi ube isiyalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuvamile, izingane noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuziphatha ibhekwa njengenye abalalelayo kakhulu futhi okuyisibonelo. Kodwa uzovuma ukuthi le ndlela self-ukukhonza, futhi, akuyona enhle.

Yingakho odokotela bengqondo ukuhlukanisa olunye uhlobo: okungalindelekile (izimpumputhe) ukuziphatha. Lezi zingane liziphathe unexamined futhi bavame ukuntula isinyathelo, bakhetha ukuziba imithetho nemithetho - bamane nje khona ngalezi zingane. Ukuphulwa kancane kancane abe ehlelekile, ingane akasabeli amazwana ukugxeka ngakuye, bekholelwa ukuthi angakwenza lokho afuna. Futhi lokhu kuziphatha Uphinde abhekwe ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela. Ungase ubuze: yini uhlobo ofanele kakhulu ingane yakho? Bobabili ukuziphatha udinga usizo zokulungisa kufanele ibhekiswe ku-sokunqoba izici ezingathandeki ebuntwini bami.

Iyini imbangela ngeziphambeko kuyinto?

Njengoba wazi, wonke umuntu uhlukile, futhi kunenkolelo okuvela kwezinso e ukuziphatha kwezingane ezimbili yesizathu esifanayo, ezimweni eziningi eziyiphutha. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwephulwa ungaba conditioning eyinhloko futhi isici umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube noshintsho unomphela izinqubo engqondo, motor okusithiyayo noma disinhibition, akahlakaniphile, nokunye. D. Lezi ngeziphambeko abizwa ngokuthi "isifo neurodynamic." Ingane ingase abaphethwe excitability kwemizwa, ukungazinzi ngokwezomnotho ngokomzwelo njalo ngisho okushintshako yokuziphatha.

Ukukhubazeka ezinganeni enempilo

Uma isimo sengane ngokomzwelo kuvamile futhi uzinze ngokwanele, imbangela ngeziphambeko ngokuya ezingokwengqondo zingenza ukukhonza nokwehluleka isibonelo, imfundo, noma ukuxhumana, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukungakwazi ingane ukuba nalezi zinselele ngokuphumelelayo bebodwa. Lezi zingane ziyizisulu omanqikanqika kakhulu, yokwenziwa, nenkani futhi ngaba nolaka. Kulokhu, into esemqoka - ukuqonda ukuthi ingane bophezela la izenzo yezimo abhekene, futhi ngokuqinisekile akukho ngaphezu othile "casula". Wamane abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa imvelo kanye nokulungisa ngentuthuko. Ngokulandelayo, sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izinhlobo ezithile zokuziphatha, okungukuthi, izici zawo, izimbangela kanye nokulungisa.

ukuziphatha fuzz ft noh hujan

Hyperactivity cishe kuyinto uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu zokuziphatha sifo. Lezi zingane nje kudingeka msebenzi omkhulukazi ngokomzimba. Kodwa kungcono ingxenye yenkinga. Lapho ingane ukuziphatha fuzz ft noh hujan emphakathini uthola ukunikeza ngayo imithetho ethile futhi isimiso, eba ukungezwani sezinzwa futhi kwemisipha. Ingane awukwazi ukubekezelela imingcele enjalo, kuphumele Ukuwohloka ukunakwa, kwehle ukusebenza, ukukhathala osenyameni ngokomzwelo, uzwakalise ukungahlaliseki futhi ukungahlaliseki. Futhi lokhu kuziphatha nje lisho inani emacaleni kwezigwegwe.

Lezi zingane ziyizisulu nzima kakhulu ezindaweni zomphakathi, nontanga nomndeni kunzima kakhulu yokuthola ulimi olulodwa. ukuziphatha Maladaptive izingane nge hyperactivity zibonisa izindlela ampofu lelawula psyche, ikakhulukazi ukuzithiba njengoba isixhumanisi main ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kanye kumiswa ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba.

ukuziphatha tekukhomba

Lapho le ndlela yokuziphatha kwenzeka, ingane ngamabomu futhi azi kwephula kwezinkambiso esamukelekile kanye nemithetho. Kwathi zonke izenzo zakhe ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela yokuziphatha kuzibonakalisa kanje: ingane kwenkawu ebukhoneni abadala, kodwa uma ungenawo unake kuso, sidlule ngokushesha. Uma ingane inhliziyo - uyaqhubeka behave fana a clown, okubonisa Swagger yayo. Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo lokhu kuziphatha yokuthi, uma ingane omdala ukuba bakhulume ukuziphatha kwakhe, uqala izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni futhi ayoziveza ngazo zonke izindlela ukudlala isiwula. Ngakho, umntwana ngosizo isinyathelo non-ngamazwi kubonakala ethi: "ngenzani lokho ungathandi. Ngiyokwenza iqhubeka iziphatha ngale ndlela nje ningalahlekelwa isithakazelo esikhethekile kimi. "

Nekugcila - isizathu esiyinhloko

Le ndlela yokuziphatha isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko izinyane lapho azizwa ukunganakwa, okungukuthi. E. Ukuxoxa abadala futhi zimbalwa esisemthethweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kanye psyche kuhlobene, ukuziphatha ngakho kwesinye isikhathi kungasebenza sekukhomba izingane futhi zisetshenziswe imikhaya kunalokho abami lapho ingane okuye kwagxilwa kukho ngokwanele. Kulezi zimo, samoochernenie bekasebentisa njengoba ngomzamo phumani ngaphansi amandla nokulawula phezu ingxenye abazali. By the way, ukulila akunasidingo nokukhathazeka ezimweni eziningi ziyasebenza nakubantu ingane self-isiqinisekiso abadala. Ingane engafuni ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi zithithibele kubo kumele zihloniphe kukho konke futhi ukulalela. Kunalokho ezama "kuqala" phezu amadala, ngoba kudingeka ukwandisa ukubaluleka kwakhe siqu.

umbhikisho ukuziphatha

Ukungalaleli nenkani ngokweqile, zokungazimiseli uthinte, kukhuphuke ukuzethemba - konke lokhu okuhlobana ngayo amafomu eyinhloko ukubonakaliswa umbhikisho ukuziphatha. kungenziwa Ngesikhathi ngineminyaka emithathu ubudala (noma ngaphansi) ukubonakaliswa okunjalo abukhali engemihle ekuziphatheni wengane kubhekwe kuyinsakavukela khona, kodwa esikhathini esizayo kufanele kuthathwe njengendlela ukwephulwa zokuziphatha. Uma ingane akafuni ukwenza noma yisiphi isenzo ngoba bebuzwa ngakho, noma okubi nakakhulu, ngaphambilini, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi ingane efuna nje ukuzimela, ufuna ukuba uzitholele wonke umuntu ngokuthi ezimele futhi ngeke azilandele oda. Izingane ukufakazela akanacala wonke umuntu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo, ngisho noma eqinisweni uyazi ukuthi benza okungalungile. Ngako-ke bantfwana kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba konke ngendlela abayifunayo. Nibhekane ngokubona Isizukulwane esidala akukhona okungokomthetho kubo, futhi owamukelwa kwezinkambiso yokuziphatha, bona njalo indiva.

Ngenxa yalokho, kunomehluko ubudlelwane futhi kabusha ngaphandle kosizo onguchwepheshe cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha ngaleyo ndlela kuba ngendlela ehlala njalo, ikakhulukazi uma umndeni ngokuvamile bengaboni ngaso, kodwa abantu abadala abazona uzimisele ukuyekethisa, kodwa umane uzama ukukhulisa ingane ekhala futhi oda. Ngokuvamile, inkani kanye ukungagunci kuchazwa ngokuthi "umoya kuwukuziphikisa." Ingane ngokuvamile uzizwa enecala futhi ecasukile ngokuziphatha kwakhe, kodwa nokho futhi uyaqhubeka ukuba baziphathe ngale ndlela. Isizathu salokhu iyona Inkani nokunwetshiwe ukucindezeleka njalo, lapho umntwana akakwazi ukubhekana wedwa, kanye ukwephulwa intelligence perevozbudimost.

Ngenxa yalokho, indawo okuvela kuyo ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba ungaba izimbangela ezahlukahlukene. Qonda kubo - ke uthole ukhiye intuthu, ukuze umsebenzi wayo futhi umsebenzi.

ukuziphatha kobudlova

ukuziphatha Aggressive kwentiwe ngemabomu futsi elimazayo. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo ingane ingakwamukeli ngamabomu nemithetho nezindinganiso zokuphila zabantu emphakathini, ngazo zonke izindlela umonakalo "nemigomo," futhi lokhu kungaba kokubili abantu nezinto okubangela nakulabo ixhumana, imizwelo edikibalisayo, ubutha, ukwesaba nokucindezeleka.

Izenzo ezinjalo kungaba kwenziwe ngezinhloso oqondile kubalulekile futhi aziphumulele kwengqondo. Self-ukugomela futhi iSilekeleli Sokwazisa - lawa izinto ingane ingase liziphathe kakhulu ngobudlova. Ulaka kungenziwa iqondiswe noma ukuba into uqobo, ngenxa okuyinto kukhona ukucasuka, noma izihloko ezinzima ukwenze nalo. Ingane ezimweni ezinjalo cishe out of control: efuna nilwe othile, ukubhidliza yonke into eza kunika, ungawujikijeli iconsi - konke lokhu Usana lungakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ulahlwa unembeza, bekholelwa ukuthi lezi zenzo kungukuthi ajeziswe. Nokho, ubudlova kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngaphandle manhandling, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izici zokuziphatha ingasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane kungakuphatha kabi abanye, bakugcone kubo nokuqalekisa. Lezi zenzo ukuqonda isidingo unmet ukuthuthukisa ukuzethemba.

Futhi kungani ingane ngokwawo ngakho?

Ibonisa ubudlova, ingane izizwa yokuphakama kwakhe ezingabazisayo phezu kwabanye, amandla nokuvukela. Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu of ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba izinkinga nobunzima izingane ngenxa izifundo. Professionals ukubiza lesi sifo didaktogenii Neurotic. Kuyinto yezimbangela induna ukuzibulala. Kodwa ingane ngokweqile nolaka nje ukufunda akufanele sisole. I nomthelela omubi imidlalo yama-computer, ithonya abezindaba futhi ushintshe uhlelo Inani nokungezwani ubuhlobo emkhayeni, okungukuthi izingxabano njalo futhi ilwisane nabazali - zonke lezi zici angase abe nomthelela ongemuhle psyche wengane. Uma ingane yakho iye engacabanganga kakhulu, uhluthuke, ukukhathazeka noma ingazinzi ngokomzwelo, sekuyisikhathi ukuze ujike kudokotela wengqondo ngiyofuna noma uzame ngokwakho ukubamba inkulumo futhi uthole ukuthi yini imbangela ubudlova.

ukuziphatha kwezinsana

Uma uqaphela ukuthi ingane aluziphathi ngokobudala futhi has imikhuba izingane zayo siqu sika, ingane ingakha kubhekwe kwezinsana. Abafundi abanjalo, ngokwenza umsebenzi omuhle sina, uqhubeka ukubona kulo mdlalo futhi kuphela umdlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi izifundo ingane, ngisho bengazi, ezingenzeka ngokuzumayo thikazisa umsebenzi bese uqale ukudlala. Othisha ngokuvamile babheka ukuziphatha okufana kuwukwephula isiyalo nokungalaleli, kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi ingane ekwenzayo lokhu akusho casula nguthishela nobe uthole ukhuze. Ngisho noma ingane evamile noma ngokushesha eba ukuziphatha kwakhe namanje wabheka ngokusebenzisa ezinye yokungavuthwa, ngobudedengu futhi adambise. Lezi zingane kubalulekile ukuba njalo bazizwa ukunakekelwa kothile noma ukunakwa, abakwazi ukuzenzela izinqumo, wesaba wenza iphutha noma wenze into engafanele. Ziyakwazi abangakwazi ukuzilwela, omanqikanqika futhi ngingakazi lutho.

Infantilism angase kamuva nemiphumela engathandeki emphakathini. Ingane, owabonile lolu hlobo lokuziphatha is bavame ukuthonywa ontanga noma izingane esezikhulakhulile abanezimo zengqondo ngokungafanele. Ngaphandle ukucabanga, ukuthi sinamathela izenzo nezenzo ezephula isiyalo jikelele kanye nemithetho. Lezi zingane zinezikhathi izici zokuziphatha ezifana isipiliyoni nosizi njengoba babe nezici ezithile ukuze Caricature ukusabela.

ukuziphatha conformal

Manje ake sixoxe ukuziphatha liqondiswe kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi i conformal. Ngokuvamile, abantu abadala bayazigqaja ukuziphatha okunjalo izingane zabo, kodwa kuyafana konke okungenhla, kuba ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela. kokulalela ngokungathandabuzi, ukunamathela wayengakuboni imithetho kuphambene Uveza umbono wakhe, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungase kuholele ngisho nasezinkingeni iziyaluyalu ezinkulu nakakhulu psyche wengane.

Imbangela kwakuwukuthi ngokweqile kungase kube isitayela kobushiqela umzali kubazali babo, sizivikele ngokweqile futhi elilawulayo. Izingane emikhayeni enjalo abakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokuya lokusungula, njengoba kwabonisa izenzo zabo zivinjwe izitshalo umzali. Bancike kakhulu ku yabanye abantu ziyashintsha ngokushesha ngaphansi umbono ithonya angaphandle. Futhi niyazi, indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuziphatha udlala Psychology nje komuntu. On ukuziphatha kungacacisa ukuthi noma ngabe ingane has izinkinga ezingokwengqondo njengoba kunjalo nasekusebenzelaneni nomkhaya, abangane kanye druzyai kuba njani olinganiselayo nokuzola.

Izindlela ukulungiswa ingane ukuziphatha

izindlela Ukulungiswa encike ngqo kwi ubunjalo ngokunganaki Pedagogical, amaphethini ukuziphatha nokuthi umntwana kuze lonke. Indlela Yokuphila, ukuziphatha kwabanye abantu nezimo zenhlalo futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile. Omunye ukulungiswa main kubhekwa inhlangano imisebenzi izingane ngokuhambisana izithakazelo zabo nokuzilibazisa. Umsebenzi ukulungisa kuyinto ukusebenza kanye nokugqugquzela izingane ukulwa ubufakazi izimfanelo zabo ezimbi, ukuziphatha okubi kanye imikhuba emibi. Yiqiniso, namuhla kunezindawo, futhi amasu lekufundza yokulungiswa ngeziphambeko ukuziphatha kwezingane, okungukuthi isiphakamiso, bibliotherapy, ukwelashwa umculo, logotherapy, ukwelashwa ubuciko, igroterapiya. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indlela wesibili ethandwa kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo.