Elena Chukovskaia: Biography, empilweni yakho, umndeni, umngcwabo

Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaia ayedumile njengesazi nengcweti wemithi. ukuphila kwakhe wathonywa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kabusha, kanye nezinye izinkathi eziyinkimbinkimbi elikhanyayo emlandweni Russian.

esewusana

Agasti 6, 1931 umndeni kaKhesari Volpe futhi Lidii Korneevny Chukovskoy indodakazi owayebizwa ngokuthi uHelen. ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ukuzalwa nabazali bakhe abahlukanisile, unina cishe ngokushesha washada Matveya Bronshteyna.

Elena wazalwa eLeningrad. Nokho, ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni wayechitha kuleli dolobha isikhathi esincane. Ngo-1937, i-physics Soviet, waboshwa, isigwebo sokufa wabulawa ngemva kwecala emfushane. Inqubomgomo elibusayo maqondana nabantu abenza batholwa benecala sokunquma kungenzeka yokubulawa izihlobo, kulesi simo unina Helena. Yingakho noLidiya Korneevna Chukovskaya watimisela kuya Leningrad wayohlala ngesikhathi uyise UKorney Chukovsky.

Ukuphila Tashkent

Ngesikhathi sempi Elena Tsezarevna nonina ke cishe ngaso leso sikhathi zayiswa Tashkent. Ndawonye nabo, futhi ugibele umzala.

studentship

Izikhombisi eyinhloko umsebenzi okhokhelwayo Elena ekhetha chemistry ngemva kwempi ngo-1948 wangena Faculty of Chemistry ngesikhathi State Institute eMoscow. Kuleli qophelo, umkhulu wakhe abasebenza lwencwadi wesandla "Chukokkala" lokho ngesikhathi egula kuyamsiza nomzukulu.

Lokho Umkhulu kwasiza ngempela okuningi kwethonya ikusasa nomcwaningi etemibhalo. Ngo idayari yakhe siqu UKorney Chukovsky kuqashelwe ukuthi umzukulu wakhe sihleleke kakhulu futhi sinezingxenye ngokucacile ehlukanisa kuhle noma kubi.

umsebenzi okhokhelwayo

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6 ukuqeqeshwa Elena Chukovskaya, ogama umndeni ayedabula nezikhathi ezinzima, ethola iziqu enyuvesi ngo-1954. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso, kuye kuthathe emsebenzini ngesikhathi Research Institute Organoelement compounds, lapho esebenza kuze 1987.

Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sakhe wazibonisa njengoba wemithi abanamakhono. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba Robert H. Freidlin Chukovskaia ngo-1962 wamela mqondo yakhe, nize nizuze degree yesayensi wabaholi wesayensi yamakhemikhali.

Ngokuhamba zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi okuye kwabhalwa amaphepha amaningana yesayensi ezihlobene emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali organic, uHelen waba co-umbhali we wokulandisa.

Kukhethwa Faculty of Chemistry

Kwelinye izingxoxo zakhe Elena Chukovskaya watshela belunjani usokhemisi. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukukhetha ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa ngephutha. Yena kwakuhlangene yokuthi isikole laqedwa ngo-1949 - isikhathi esibi humanities. Baningi impela izinkinga ababhekana nazo unina noyisemkhulu, ngubani zaxoshwa yonke indawo, futhi imisebenzi yabo kuze kube. Lezi izimo utshelwa ukuba ukhethe isicelo salo esisebenzayo.

Ukuze Elena umsebenzi umkhulu wakhe "Chukokkala" sekuwumkhuba nokuguqula izimpilo ngempela. Kwaba ngemva kokufa umbhali kanye ifa lwencwadi ke ucele endlini ukushicilela "Art", namanye amalungiselelo waqala umkhiqizo ukuphrinta. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaba umsebenzi intandokazi etemibhalo: wemithi oqeqeshiwe kwakuthakazelisa ukuze usebenze ngamafayela namanothi, ukulungisa isebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi uMariya wabhekana ne uSolzhenitsyn. Esikhathini esithile ngemva kwezincwadi zomlando Aleksandr Isaevich wahlala ekuqaleni kuleli zwe, bese Chukovsky efulethini.

Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo kungenziwa ngokuthi ukuthi lapho umkhulu wakhe uhlala Elena Chukovskaia hhayi ukuzihilela ezindabeni zakhe. Ngemva ifa ingobo yomlando uye wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe kamuva ukulondolozwa kwalo kanye nekushicilela. Baningi impela nakho etholakala ezincwadini ngesikhathi self-ukushicilela nokusabalalisa usebenza uSolzhenitsyn enihlala Ryazan. Ngisho ngaphansi kosongo ukuxoshwa imisebenzi eshicilelwe ngasese futhi ngokungemthetho kwasakazwa enhlokodolobha neminye imizi yase-USSR.

Imisebenzi etemibhalo

Yize kube nogqozi olukhulu kakhulu ekufundeni amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, kanye umsebenzi asebenzayo professional Elena Chukovskaia unaka kakhulu lezi zincwadi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngisho nangesikhathi beseyizingane ke uye wathonya umkhulu, walibumba Elena uthando kwezincwadi izinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ngemva kwati uSolzhenitsyn futhi imisebenzi yakhe Elena Chukovskaia iqala ukuba amnike ehlukile usizo. Ukuxhumana, baqala ngawo-1960 okuqala futhi baqhubeka ngisho nangemva ukuxoshwa uSolzhenitsyn ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.

USolzhenitsyn mayelana Elena Tsezarevne Chukovskaia

Endabeni yakhe "The Oak kanye Inkonyane" uSolzhenitsyn sesigabeni ahlukene ngokuthi "Indoda Invisible" kutjelwa usizo kubantu ezahlukene isikhathi esinzima. Kule ngxenye, lokho kusho okungaphezu mayelana ingxoxo yakhe Elena ngesikhathi abahlala eSoviet Union ngaphansi kohlelo lwe- kosongo.

Njengoba wemithi yimpumelelo, Elena Chukovskaia, ogama biography akukaze kube lula futhi Licwathile, kwesisekelo senza, bahlela imihlangano nabantu abalungile okwaxoxwa ofakazi ahlukahlukene emphakathini yezenzo emthethweni uhulumeni ngokumelene uSolzhenitsyn, zibhaliwe imiqulu emihlanu iminyaka engu-3. Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, wayezimisele ngokwenqondo aboshwe, okungase nomthelela yonke labangane bakhe abaseduze abangane, kodwa ningesatshiswa nokukodwa okwesabisayo. Esimeni ukuboshwa eseneminyaka ngisho ukulungele aziphathe inqubomgomo ethile yokuziphatha, eyayisekelwe yokuthi into esemqoka - akumelwe aphanjaniswe e wobufakazi kwakungadingeki ukuba ukusiphika. Esikhathini indzaba, yaphawula ukuthi esimweni ukuboshwa Elena njengoba abaziphilisa isizathu bangathi ukukhuthaza izincwadi Russian.

Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo kungenziwa ngokuthi lokho abayikho ngezihloko eziningi abuhlangananga, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu Chukovskaia wasiza uSolzhenitsyn ngezinga abangenza ngalo.

Ukufa K. I. Chukovskogo

KI Chukovsky efa ngo-1968. Zonke zomlando amalungelo nemisebenzi etemibhalo ngofuzo indodakazi yakhe nomzukulu. Nokho, naphezu ukudluliselwa amalungelo, eziningi izinkinga izindlalifa kwaba ukushicilelwa "Chukokkala", okuyinto iqhaza ekulotshweni Elena phakathi neminyaka umfundi. Uhlelo lokuqala wakhululwa ngo-1979, futhi kuphela ngasekupheleni kwawo-90 sika lwencwadi ukuthi ikhishwe lilonke.

I emlandweni womzabalazo kushicilelwa eyathatha iminyaka eminingi. Le nkathi indzaba "Inkumbulo ku Chukokkala" lanikezelwa. Iveza indlela abantu azungeza Umlobi zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yakhe yokugcina, wazama inselelo ngakwesokudla lwencwadi futhi isinqumo ukuletha imisebenzi yabo Chukovskogo indodakazi nomzukulu wakhe.

House-Museum of UKorney Chukovsky

Ngo Peredelkino, wahlala khona njengomfokazi nombhali "Chukokkala" sidalwe ekhaya-Museum elalinikezelwe ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi. Ngesikhathi sokufa futhi ngemva kwalokho iziphathimandla azizange banake isifiso abantu ukuze balondoloze lokusungula futhi umbhali wendzaba, kodwa umzukulu wakhe nendodakazi wafaka eziningi umzamo livule futhi ligcine Museum. Manje, ngemva kokufa nomzukulu wakhe, Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza.

Eyokuqala iziqondiso steel nomzukulu Clara Israelevna Lozovskaya - unobhala umbhali.

Ngo-1996, umama eshona Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia. Emva kokushona kwakhe, waqala ukufunda ingobo yomlando nokushicilelwa kwakhe amaphepha. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kuyasiza zh. O. Havkina.

Publications Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia

Imisebenzi edume kakhulu, okuyinto baqala ukunyathelisa ngo-1974, njengoba kulandela:

1. "Buyela uSolzhenitsyn USSR yisakhamuzi". Nguqulo yakhishwa ngo-1988. Kusekelwe nobuhlobo bomuntu siqu umbhali, nokuhlolwa bobuntu bakhe kwezimiso nesimo sengqondo.
2. Iqoqo izihloko mayelana uSolzhenitsyn okulotshwe ngami ngokubambisana uVladimir Gloritserom. Iqoqo "Igama uthola isendleleni" yakhishwa ngo-1998.
3. Izinkumbulo uBoris Pasternak (1988).

Kodwa njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, ukuziphilisa Chukovskaia babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu ukuxhumana uSolzhenitsyn. Lokhu kubonakala umsebenzi wakhe wokudala.

Iningi isikhathi ukuphila kwakhe eminyakeni eledlule wabe wanikela ukulungiselela nokushicilelwa yemisebenzi ezalotshwa ngumama wakhe nomkhulu ozala umama. salo sengqondo sokungafuni enenhlonipho ifayela okubangelwa ukushicilelwa imisebenzi efana "Indlu Poet", "dash", "Diary" UKorney Chukovsky, kanye ezazibhalelwe abantu nje abavamile kukayise nendodakazi, owabhekana umsebenzi wokudala.

It yanyatheliswa eziningi amaphepha, okuyinto nokukhulumela imisebenzi izihlobo zabo. Ukuze uzwisise eminye imisebenzi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi zalotshelwa esikhathini zokuphila.

Elena Chukovskaia: uthando ukuphila

On ukuphila komuntu Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia lutho waziwa. Zonke izingxoxo wanika e zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina eyayigujwa kuphela imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko. Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaia empilweni yakho lapho imbozwe iveli ekusithekeni, ngemva kokufa Umkhulu nonina wonke amandla etshaliwe ukuvuselelwa ingobo yomlando umndeni. Esikwaziyo ukuthi izingane engawuboni washada ngokusemthethweni akazange aphume.

Elena Chukovskaia: emngcwabeni

Elena Tsezarevna zidlulile Januwari 3, 2015 eMoscow ngo-83 th unyaka owodwa wokuphila. It wangcwatshwa Peredelkino emathuneni, eduze kwamathuna wakhe umama wakhe, ugogo nomkhulu ozala umama. Farewell yawa phezu kwezinsizwa iholide Christmas Orthodox, emkhosini wahlelwa iNdlu Diaspora Russian. Ngisho ne uSolzhenitsyn Elena abuhlangananga ngezindaba eziphathelene nokholo. Mhlawumbe kunjalo, noma ngenxa emadilini ayakhumuka emngcwabeni isonto.