Indawo ejulile eMhlabeni - Mariana Trench

Igama layo iyindawo ejulile emhlabeni kwakubangelwa i-Mariana Islands, lapho zitholakala eseduze. Lokhu ezijulile ocean umkhombe, elise elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, engxenyeni esentshonalanga. Indawo ejulile Emhlabeni ifinyelela 10911 amamitha, ubude bayo imayelana 2500 amakhilomitha, nobubanzi - mayelana 80 amakhilomitha. Nemithambeka engela yayo emaweni kakhulu ukuthambekela kufana okuyisilinganiso sabangu-degree angaba ngu-8. Phansi kuhlukaniswe eziningana Rapids. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ingcindezi at a mayelana nanye ukujula angu kuze kufinyelele 109 megapascals, ukuthi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka 1.090 ingcindezi evamile ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

Eyokuqala ababebe nesibindi sokuba ukuhlola indawo ejulile emhlabeni, kwakungamadodana abacwaningi baseBrithani. English-oceanographers, ososayensi kwenziwe umsebenzi wakhe eguquliwe enezinsika ezintathu corvette impi "Challenger" ngo-1875. Wempi yaguqulwa ngomkhumbi ucwaningo isitsha umsebenzi begazi, sezulu kwamanzi. Khona-ke ekujuleni kwelwandle zokucindezeleka kuchazwe eziningi ezijulile-yamanzi amamitha 8367. Nokho, ulwazi lokuqala eqondile okwengeziwe ka Mariana Trench ukujula wakwazi ukuthola kuphela ngo-1951. Ngokusho izilinganiso ekhiqizwa endaweni ejulile emhlabeni ilingana 10.863 amamitha sekumenyezelwe. Ngemva kwalokho, Mariana Trench yase yaziwa ngokuthi "i-Challenger Deep". Kufanele iphenye Mariana Trench, ososayensi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. oceanographers wethu, abacwaningi ngo-1957 olwenziwa Ukutadisha Mariana Trench. Umphumela nesilinganiso esiphezulu wokuxovela ukujula zazilingana 11 022 amamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalesi uhambo esungulwe ukuphila ekujuleni amakhilomitha angaphezu kwayisikhombisa. Njalo-ke kwaqedwa amelana khona owawukhona ngesikhathi umqondo wokuthi ukuphila olwandle ngesikhathi ka 6-7 ukujula angu engenakwenzeka. Yena wahola uhambo ke u-Aleksey Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky, le yesazi solwandle abadumile Soviet. Kwaba ngohambo lwakhe lwesithathu kuya "Vityaz" njengoba umholi wayo. Ngo-1992, "The Knight" yanikwa owawusanda kumiswa Museum of the World Ocean. Cishe eminyakeni emibili seagoing isitsha kwalungisa efektri, futhi ngo-July 1994 yafakwa ku yokupaka izimoto e-Maritime Museum kwedolobha Kaliningrad.

Indawo ejulile emhlabeni wokuqala emhlabeni ukubona Don Walsh, isikhulu US Navy futhi Zhak Pikar, umhloli wamazwe odumile, ngenxa yesazi solwandle baseSwitzerland, January 23, 1960. Bakhandwa ujule emsebenzini othile bathyscaphe armored "Trieste". Ngokusho kobufakazi amadivayisi efakwe ibhodi, Walsh futhi Piccard wehlela ezingeni 10 917 amamitha. wesikhathi dive kwaba cishe ezinhlanu amahora kuyanda - cishe amahora amathathu, isikhathi esichithwa ngqo phansi abahloli, zaba imizuzu 12 kuphela. Nokho, lokhu isikhathi esifushane, kwanele ukwenza ukutholakala ukuthusa yesayensi: bathola efanayo plaice izinhlanzi flat amasentimitha angaba ngu-30.

Umqondisi Canadian ezidumile screenwriter Dzheyms Kemeron ngoMashi 2012, omusha oyedwa enezihlalo submersibles nakufika phansi emkhombeni kanye Mariinsky baba kanjalo indoda ingeyesithathu emhlabeni, njengoba sengike ezansi ukucindezeleka Mariinsky futhi owokuqala ukukwenza sisodwa. Wehla kwalasha amahora angaphezu kwamabili nengxenye, sahlala ngamahola amathathu kwedlule, futhi kufika kobuso ocean esingaphezudlwana nje kwehora - imizuzu 70.

ososayensi Japanese, oceanographers wathola ngo-2005 e-zinhlobo Mariana Trench nantathu ezazingaziwa isayensi unicellular. amadivaysi ezijulile-amanzi Modern kungukuthi nje zigxilé ukuhamba emizimbeni, elingaziwa kubo isayensi kwezilwane zasolwandle ukujula esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Kamuva, ibanga ebusweni olwandle phansi komgodi njalo ecacisiwe. It kubhekwa ucwaningo olunembile kakhulu olwenziwa ngo-1997 ososayensi Japanese. Babonisa ukuthi we Mariana Trench ukujula - 10 911.4 amamitha.