Inkambu electrostatic kanti icala iyunithi

Emphakathini kunemcondvo ukuthi ndaba angabhekwa wukuthi hhayi kuphela ungokoqobo, kodwa futhi iyabonakala. Le nkolelo kuphela ngokwengxenye kweqiniso. Esinye sezibonelo esicace ndaba engabonakali - the electrostatic ensimini. kazibuthe kanye kagesi - it is a uhlobo olukhethekile. Lena elula ngokwanele ukuze uqiniseke uma sicabanga emkhakheni electrostatic kanye izici zayo.

Emuva ngo-1785 Sh Coulomb kwatholakala futhi wafakazela ukuthi umthetho amandla ukuxhumana kwemizimba emibili iphuzu nge amacala kagesi. Nokho, wahlala okungacaci ukuthi umthelela idluliselwa. Uchungechunge ucwaningo kwenziwa, ngokukhethekile, lapho amacala zafakwa vacuo. Umthetho siyenzeka. Lokhu kwasikiselwa ukuthi evamile zesiteji imvelo Akudingekile ukuba amandla yokudlulisela. Ngemva kwalokho J. Maxwell (kusekelwe umsebenzi Faraday) lavulwa ensimini electrostatic e vacuo. Kwatholakala ukuthi le nsimu ihlale emzuliswaneni amacala, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo imvelo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukubambisana kwazo.

Kusukela ensimini ezibonakalayo, "kukhonjelwe" amafomula Einstein usabalala futhi ijubane lokukhanya. Igama emkhakheni electrostatic eyatholakala sibonga yokuthi kuba isici amacala fixed ( "static" - ukuthula, ukuvumelana). Amandla bethole elengayo ngokuthi kagesi. Yena uchaza umfutho esikhuluma ngawo emkhakheni enza icala lokungena kuwo.

Omunye izici emimoya emkhakheni electrostatic - ubhekene ngeziqu yayo. Ikhombisa degree of nokuxhumana iphuzu amacala. Ukuze isifundo wasebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwenkokhiso, ukwethulwa okuyinto emkhakheni akusho baphendukezele zokugcina. Ngokuvamile uphuzwe ayalingana 1.6 x 10 emandleni -19 Coulomb. Uma voltage ibizwa ngokuthi «E», sithola:

E = F / Q,

lapho F - force, isenzo ku iyunithi icala Q (isib test). Ukusebenzisa izibalo umthetho Coulomb kudinga nokubhekelelwa futhi zokuhlanganisa Coefficient njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating medium.

Inkambu electrostatic sisetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi inombolo ye amacala, ngaleyo ndlela kukhona kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kokusebenzisana. Amaphaphu uhlelo angabhekwa ngokuya superposition, ngakho Umtselela lophelele N-inombolo amacala iyona Vector Inani lawo wonke izimfanelo ensimini. Phela, igama elithi "umugqa umfutho" (igama, ezaziwa kusukela School Course Physics) owasungula ngenxa Faraday, okuyinto schematically ukuboniswa imigqa ensimini, ngezinye iphuzu ngalinye ngokungenasizathu coinciding ne zithwala yasendle electrostatic. Ngakho, kulapho imigqa enjalo, namandla isenzo amandla. Ngokungafani Amasimu kagesi kungukuthi uvaliwe electrostatics umugqa ukungezwani. Futhi uzinake ukuthi izinsimbi (kanye nezinye izinto conductive) ngenxa amandla emkhakheni okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi oppositely iqondiswe isinyathelo yensimu khulula icala abathwali ezisebusweni isakhiwo crystal ngehele. Empeleni, amandla ngokushesha equalized, akukho zamanje kanye ukungezwani umugqa endaweni wire abakwazi ukungena.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Vector nenani, emkhakheni lingachazwa izimiso scalar ezithathwe ngamunye (kunjalo ekahle) iphuzu. Neqiniso electrostatic ka wathi amagugu njani ensimini. Singasho ukuthi sifana ezingaba amandla ngoba okukodwa omuhle nganoma yingasiphi esinye phezulu. Ngakho, Phiko volts. Kunqunywa amandla bezikhali icala isilinganiso Q-yokuhlola ezidlula yayo, isb W / Q-test.

USam bezikhali okuyinto enze electrostatic ensimini amandla, ezihambayo icala kusuka kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye, ingunaphakade.