Kumiswa, Isayensi
Uyini izinombolo enengqondo? Yiziphi ngaphezulu?
Uyini izinombolo enengqondo? abafundi Senior nabafundi amakhono zezibalo kungenzeka ukuphendula kalula lo mbuzo. Kodwa labo oqeqeshiwe ikude lokhu, kuyoba nzima. Yini empeleni?
Ingqikithi kanye nesiqu
Ngaphansi izinombolo okunengqondo kusho labo okungase umelwe ingxenyenamba ezivamile. Positive, negative, futhi zero zifakwe kule isethi. I numerator we ingxenyenamba kuleli cala kumele libe inombolo ephelele, futhi zifana - ukumela inombolo ephelele engaphezulu kweqanda.
Lokhu iqoqo wezibalo ubizwa ngokuthi Q ubizwa ngokuthi 'ensimini izinombolo enengqondo. " Kukhona zonke ebalulekile organic, luchazwa ngokuthi Z kanye N. isethi kakhulu efanayo Q kufakwe R. isethi Kuyinto le ncwadi amele okuthiwa izinombolo zangempela noma yangempela.
umqondo
Njengoba sekushiwo, izinombolo okunengqondo - kule sethi, okuhlanganisa zonke inamba kanye namanani ayingxenye. Abakwazi zethulwe ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Okokuqala, ngesimo amafraktjhini abavamile: 5/7, 1/5, 11/15, njll Yiqiniso, integers ingaphinda abhalwe ngendlela efanayo: 6/2, 15/5, 0/1, - .. futhi 10/2 njll Okwesibili, kunolunye uhlobo ukumelwa - a ezilinganiselwe idesimali wamaqhuzu ingxenye: .... 0.01, -15,001006, njll mhlawumbe Lena yezindlela ngokuvamile akwenzeki.
Kodwa kukhona eyesithathu - ingxenyenamba gqwa. Lolu hlobo akuyona ovamile kakhulu, kodwa isasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenyenamba 10/3 singatlolwa bunjesi 3,33333 ... noma 3, (3). Imibono ehlukene kuzoxoxwa izinombolo ezifanayo. Njengoba izobizwa, futhi ilingana nomunye amafraktjhini njenge 3/5 futhi 6/10. Kubonakala sengathi kuyacaca ukuthi inombolo ethile enengqondo. Kodwa kungani le nkulumo ibhekisela kubo?
Umsuka kwegama
Igama elithi "okunengqondo" ngolimi yesimanje Russian ngokuvamile athwala incazelo ethe ukuhluka. Kunalokho, kungamandla ngokuthi "ocabangelayo", "ngamabomu". Kodwa ngokuya zezibalo eduze ngomqondo ongokoqobo we emagama labolekiwe. I "isilinganiso" ngesiLatini - kuyinto "isimo sengqondo", "roll" noma "division." Ngakho, igama ibonisa umnyombo walokho okushiwo kuyinto enengqondo. Nokho, incazelo yesibili
ukuxhaphaza
Ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezibalo, siyaqhubeka ebhekene ngezinombolo enengqondo, engazi ngokwabo. Futhi babe eziningana izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo. bona bonke ukulandela kusuka kwencazelo isethi yezenzo noma.
Okokuqala, izinombolo okunengqondo babe nobudlelwano impahla oda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi phakathi kwezinombolo ezimbili kungaba ubuhlobo eyodwa kuphela - ngabe ulingana nomunye, noma eyodwa ngaphezulu noma omncane kunomunye. Okungukuthi.:
noma = b; noma> b, noma
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu impahla transitivity isilinganiso kanje. Okungukuthi, uma mkhulu kunezinhliziyo b, b ezingaphezu kuka c, a ke mkhulu kunezinhliziyo c. Ngo ilimi le-IiMbalo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:
(A> b) ^ (b > c) => (a> c).
Okwesibili, kuneminyango imisebenzi izibalo ngezinombolo enengqondo, okungukuthi, kwalokho, ukususa, ukwahlukana, futhi-ke, ukubuyabuyelela. Ngo inqubo ukuguqulwa Ungaphinde ukhethe eziningi izakhiwo.
- a + b = b + a (ushintsho imigomo izindawo commutativity);
- 0 + a = a + 0;
- (A + b) + c = a + (b + c) ( associativity);
- a + (-a) = 0;
- ab = ba;
- (Ab) c = a (bc ) ( Distributivity);
- 1 = ngembazo 1 xa = a;
- ngembazo (1 / a) = 1 (lapho umuntu akuyona 0);
- (B +) c = ac + ab;
- (A> b) ^ (c > 0) => (ac> bc) .
Uma kuziwa abavamile, hhayi idesimali, amafraktjhini futhi integers, izenzo nabo kungase kubangele ubunzima obuthile. Ngokwesibonelo, nekususa zingenzeka kuphela denominators alinganayo. Uma zihlukile ekuqaleni, kufanele kube ukuthola ezivamile, usebenzisa ukuphindwaphindwa zonke izingxenyana ku inombolo ethile. Qhathanisa futhi ngokuvamile kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwalesi simo.
Division kanye ukubuyabuyelela kwamafrakshini ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho kahle elula. Ukwehla zifana akudingekile. Endaweni ehlukile, uphindaphinde numerators futhi denominators, ngesikhathi inqubo ukuqaliswa kwe-ingxenyenamba izenzo kungenzeka ezidingekayo ukunciphisa kanye lula.
Ngokuqondene division, khona-ke ofuze owokuqala nge Umehluko omncane. Ukuze Inhlamvu yesibili kumele uthole ephambene, okungukuthi,
Ekugcineni, kwesinye isakhiwo wabelane ngezinombolo zobukhulu obulinganisiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Axiom ka-Archimedes. igama "isimiso" ngokuvamile atholakala izincwadi nazo. It sisebenza yonke isethi izinombolo zangempela, kodwa hhayi kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngakho, lesi simiso asisebenzi amasethi ezithile imisebenzi ethile enengqondo. Empeleni, lokhu Axiom kusho ukuthi uma kukhona ezimbili amagugu ethile futhi b, ungahlala ukuthatha imali eyanele a, b ukuze ziphumelela kangcono.
sphere kwesicelo
Ngakho, labo bafunde noma zikhunjulwe, ukuthi inombolo okunengqondo, kuyacaca ukuthi bajwayele yonke indawo: accounting, economics, izibalo, i-physics, i-chemistry kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi. Ngokwemvelo, kukhona indawo kubo kwi-mathematics. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi ukuthi sibhekene nazo, sihlale usebenzisa izinombolo enengqondo. Ngisho nezingane ezincane zifunda ukubala izinto, ukusika ibe izingxenye apula noma kokuqeda nezinye izenzo ezilula, wabhekana nazo. Bona ngokoqobo ezisizungezile. Nokho imisebenzi ethile zingabantu okunganele, ngokukhethekile, isibonelo theorem kaPythagoras, sizwisise isidingo yokwazisa umqondo izinombolo engenangqondo.
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