Vera Horuzhaya: Biography nesithombe

Enhloko-dolobha yase-Belarus, Minsk, kukhona emgwaqweni lapho yaqanjwa Heroine-Civil futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - Ukholo Zakharovna Horuzhei. owesifazane Belarusian Ordinary wafela nenkululeko ezweni lakubo nabantu bakubo. Yena waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union ngemva kokufa. Yini eyayenza lesi feat Khoruzhaya Vera Zakharovna? Lokhu uzofunda ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko.

Ebuntwaneni B. Horuzhei

Biography Khoruzhey waqala ngo-1903, ku-Septhemba 27. Kwakubonakala ekukhanyeni esifundazweni Bobruisk, Minsk, emndenini izikhulu Belarusian. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, iphoyisa kuze 1908, abangasebenzi iminyaka eminingi, bese wasebenza njengoba induna ku nkinga izindawo exhaphozini. Ngemva inguquko, wayengumuntu ukukhonza ezinhlanganweni ezehlukene; Washona ngo-1940. igama likanina lalingu-uyinkosikazi.

Ngemva kwesikhashana lo mkhaya uthuthela emzini Mozyr, okuyinto Vera Zaharovna Horuzhaya wafundiswa ngesikhathi lolimi lesikolo esiteji II, okuyinto ephethwe ukuqedela ngo-1919. Emsebenzini wokusiza epulazini ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele ke uthisha edolobhaneni Polesie.

nezihlobo zakhe wayekade kwezombangazwe, kodwa intombazane namanje intsha ekuseni ezinikele irrevocably kwamaBolshevik yekuphila.

elwa intsha

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-16 Khoruzhaya Vera izithombe wena nethuba bheka isihloko esithi, savalelisa umndeni wakhe ekhaya baya ukulwa on the front. Njengengxenye iRed Army Komsomol eziqhelelene Chun, sokuzithandela, Vera waba nengxenye belwa ithimba Jikelele Bulak-Balakhovich. Ngo-1920, waba ilungu Komsomol, futhi ijoyina iqembu ngo-1921.

Ngemva kokuqeda lakhe lempi imikhankaso Vera Zaharovna Horuzhaya wafundisa izingane esikoleni, futhi kamuva ophethe zezombusazwe imfundo umnyango esifundeni ikomidi i-Komsomol e Mozyr futhi Bobruisk. ikhono wakhe ngokuphawulekayo umhleli nento baye bavumela ukuba abe ngomunye wabaholi Komsomol.

Yini ubonakala Ukholo ababephila ngesikhathi?

Contemporary, echaza portrait wakhe, waphawula ukuthi Vera, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo, yaba emehlweni grey ephethe tinge bluish, abakhohlisayo elikhazimulayo. Kwaba ukukhanya owesifazane onsundu asebegugile enezinwele ezimfishane kancane abacaphuni futhi izinwele singcolile. Ukholo alukwazi ngokuthi ubuhle, kwaba eliyinkimbinkimbi nangobuciko, wayengumhlali emincane futhi abukhali. Nokho, wayekhanga kakhulu. Ubuso bakhe uyabukeka ngempela futhi emomotheka kamnandi wokhela yakhe. Wayengumngane mncane, abade, egcwele amandla, ubungqabavu, wamshaya ngokwenama bakhe ukuthi uyakuthanda ukuphila futhi.

Ngu ubunjalo isimiso, truth-, Zakharovna Ukholo umsekeli iqiniso elimsulwa, asesabi aveze owakhe umbono, uma lungenayo kuhambisane olusemthethweni.

Khoruzhaya litho kuphela kodwa alithanda. Wafunda lolungenamaphutsa, kwadingeka lokhu ikhono Orient ngokushesha ngokwabo kuleso sihloko, kulula ukukhumbula. Vera Horuzhaya iqhaza ephephandabeni, ukwenza imisebenzi yomphakathi ngoba i-Komsomol.

Ngo-Komsomol

Ngemva izikole iziqu party Vera Khoruzhaya ukuba azosebenza iKomiti Central of Komsomol waseBelarus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uqala ukushicilela yakhe yokuqala etemibhalo lesibonwa izihloko. Imisebenzi yakhe, kushisa futhi eliphefumulelwe, bagcwala intshiseko abasha yabakhanga abalobi enkulu wesimanje. Ukujwayeleka nabo kahle kubonakala e lokusungula zayo lesibonwa kanye wobuciko.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, ke esimisiwe wephephandaba ka-Komsomol "olimayo Young". Kodwa kule umsebenzi isikhathi eside ukusebenza Vera Zakharovna kuhlulekile.

Qala imisebenzi ngasese

Ngenxa yalokho Polish-Russian War of 1920-1921. Poland matasa amasimu Western Belarus. Ezindaweni matasa uhulumeni omusha wazama sokwetshisa sabantu umsuka Belarusian zendawo, Polonised ke.

Horuzhaya Vera Zaharovna, ogama biography isibe isibonelo isibindi kanye nesithunzi, njalo idabukile ezindaweni okunzima kakhulu. Ekuqaleni 1924 wanyamalala Minsk. It is ithunyelwa indawo Polish matasa ukuhlela imisebenzi ngasese. Eba uNobhala zapadnobelorusskogo ka-Komsomol futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo akhethwe ilungu iCommunist Party of esifundeni. Ngenxa ukukhuthazwa asebenzayo of Horuzhei kakhulu inombolo wangena ukuphikiswa esisebenzayo abahlaseli Polish esikhula ngokushesha.

partiyka Young Vera Khoruzhaya waqhamuka imigwaqo ezinzima neziyingozi emzabalazweni ngomshoshaphansi. Kwadingeka ukuba alalele futhi udlulise lo msebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima: amaphoyisa asentshonalanga Belarus kunzima kakhulu babesabisa sabantu, kuka ePoland uqobo. Nezimfihlo kwakudingekile ukuba bagcine eqinile. Esikhathini kwezimo ezinzima ngokungemthetho futhi nangobudlova wamaphoyisa Khoruzhaya ngenkuthalo wadala izinhlangano intsha wamavukelambuso, uhambo eziningi amadolobha amancane Western Belarus kwaba e Brest, Grodno, Bialystok, Slonim, Kobrin nakwamanye amadolobha.

Kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi walo ngomshoshaphansi futhi kudingeka yena ufeza unobhala wekomiti ephakathi ye-Komsomol zapadnobelorusskogo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhethwa ilungu Polish Central Committee of iYoung Communist League kanye iCommunist Party of esifundeni. Ukholo indima olukhulu kule nhlangano ukunyakaza mass wamavukelambuso sabantu, liyakhula nge ihora ngalinye odlulayo, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu.

Ukuboshwa lokuqala

Ukholo Khoruzhaya Kuboshwe ku Bialystok ekwindla ka-1925. Imininingwane emayelana Brest "ngesikhathi nanye amathathu" lapho ukholo Khoruzhaya wagwetshwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyisithupha ejele ngenxa iqhaza an umsebenzi emthethweni wamavukelambuso, ubulungu LamaKhomanisi, phathelana kudedelwa kuphela ngo-1927. Esikhathini esilandelayo, le Bialystok "phakathi nekhulu namashumi amathathu nantathu" Horuzhei anda isikhathi ligwetshwe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Intando wabaholi abasha wahluleka ukuphula iyiphi sinqumo engenabulungisa noma isiphetho izimo ezinzima. Waya khona ukulwa, kokukhethwa ekomidini ejele party. Ngisho khona Khoruzhaya ngabe ukuthumela umlayezo ngesifiso sabo uwulethe sekugcineni. Ngo-1931, izindaba ezivela isiboshwa esizophrintwa eSoviet Union ukushicilelwa ngazinye, incwadi ngokuthi "Encwadi ithuba."

Ngo-1930, i-acwaninge enhlanganweni yokukhululwa Western Belarus Khoruzhaya yaklonyeliswa Order of the Red Banner.

ibhizinisi sokuthula party

Ngo-1932, uVera Khoruzhaya Zakharovna Biography emfushane okumele kakwaziwe yibo bonke abantu ngubani abanesithakazelo kwezomlando, ebuyela eRussia: ngaphansi inkontileka ke kushintshiswane leziboshwa zezombusazwe Polish. Ngenjabulo waqala ukuba ubambisane izincwadi ibhodi isihloko zapadnobelorusskogo komhlaba abese ehamba eKazakhstan ku Balhashstroy. Ngemva wenkululeko amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Western Belarus, ngo-1939, futhi umkhuzi esifundeni, ezihlobene intsha yayo. Vera ngomdlandla, bazisa ukusebenza ekomidini wesigodi ngo Telekhany kamuva e lekomiti yesifunda Pinsk.

Nalapha futhi, it is adluliselwe ku-Union, lapho yena umatasatasa izindaba party e Minsk futhi amasayithi ezinkulu zokwakha. A msebenzi omkhulukazi party kungaphazamisi yobumfihlo amantombazane ebukekayo: Vera waba unkosikazi bajabule, futhi ngo-1936 evela Anya indodakazi lapho umama osemncane wayephethe balhashstroevskim imfundo House Party.

Wayisola lokuboshwa ukulungisiswa

partiyka wokuhlelwa kwendikimba Horuzhaya Vera Zaharovna ayikwazanga kuphela ulandele imiyalo, kodwa sikuveze ukungabaza, ukugxeka nokuthile ababengambeka alivumelani. Lesi sikhundla ayizithokozisi wonke umuntu. Ngo-1937, ngo-August, ukuthatha esasiwafanele Belarusian isisebenzi komhlaba Kuboshwe NKVD. Ezibheca ukucunula yakhe ngokumelene imisebenzi wombuso kanye ubunhloli zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo Poland. Vele azikufakazeli owayenguyise impimpi. Nokho, kukhona ukusikisela kwaba isishoshovu indoda Stanislav Mertens, uyise ka-Anna.

Kodwa ayikho neyodwa kulezi abaphenyi ezine kuhlulekile ukuphoqelela iKhomanisi Khoruzhaya ukwenza ukuvuma lobunhloli. Icala owawungo-August 1939 futhi wathatha izinsuku ezimbili. Waba ekugubheni owesifazane osemusha abone ubumsulwa babo bonke. Ukholo ukhululiwe futhi bededelwa ejele.

Ngemva kwenyanga, ezweni Western Belarus badedelwa ngo amasosha iRed Army.

Futhi futhi ngo-1940 bobabili nendodakazi yakhe Vera ukubuya ekhaya elincane, ukusebenza futhi emgqeni party.

Ukholo Zakharovna ujabule futhi ekuphileni kwakhe siqu: washada okwesibili ngoba Sergei Kornilov, owayeyilungu umshayeli lempi futhi manje wasebenza Horuzhei.

Vera Horuzhaya - unkosikazi hero

Juni 22, ngemva nje sempi, lo mbhangqwana waya lesifunda ekomidini party. Ulapho, watholana i abashokobezi ubudala, umkhuzi wangaphambilini we-Spanish Brigade Vasiliy Zaharovich Korzh. Waloba Ukholo Sergei ohlwini abasafufusa yabashokobezi ibutho lokuqala.

Ngokushesha, iqembu lamabutho eliholwa Vasiliem Korzhem, selikhule laba abantu mathandathu okuhloswe ukuqala izimpi. Sergei Kornilov abe ngumholi weqembu impi. Wayelethwa inganqotshwa ukufa nobuqhawe kwelinye izimpi lokuqala nge amabutho aseJalimane ku Pinsk wesifunda. Kodwa Khoruzhaya Vera, umka-hero, ekwindla ka ngonyaka ofanayo wathunyelwa ezwekazini umsebenzi ukwazisa mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu amaqembu yabashokobezi. Endleleni eya front line, ngemuva imigqa isitha, Horuzhei kwadingeka ukuba babukele yonke kabi ngisha ekuthatheni undlovukayiphikiswa, usizi abantu abavamile.

Uma yabo, Ukholo waqaphela ukuthi kwakungavunyelwe enye ngemuva kwenye. Umhlahlandlela Kunconywa ukuthi abashokobezi abakhulelwe ukuze ushiye izihlobo basishiye. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, futhi, Ukholo ayihlali izandla ezama ukuzuza ezweni lakubo langemuva. Epulazini, wasebenza njengomgcini wamabhuku ezimali, kodwa isikhathi eside kabaze baba lakho ukuma ekuphileni okunjalo.

Kumiswa iqembu ukusebenza ngemuva imigqa isitha

Ukushiya izingane kuze akhe dade Vera waya eMoscow futhi iqala ukulungiselela ukusebenza ngokungemthetho endaweni ehlasela. Phela, kwaba umuzwa omuhle kuzo imisebenzi enjalo. Zakharovna Ukholo iqala neqiniso ukuthi yindlunkulu eziqhelelene engabandlululi ukhetha izisebenzi ngomsebenzi emthethweni. It ke ngeke kube umphelelisi umyalo sasekhaya emsebenzini emthethweni emva amaNazi aseJalimane.

Ukholo Zakharovna wathola isidlaliso - Anna Kornilov. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama kwaba ukuthi kukho konke akwenzayo umphandu isitha, ku Vitebsk Frontline ethunjwa abahlaseli.

isimo oluzoQapha ku Vitebsk esifundeni

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ithimba Vera sika yayilungiselela ukuwela front line. Labo okwakulindeleke ukusiza operatives yabashokobezi. Isimo lempi ngaleso sikhathi abazange bajabule kakhulu abashokobezi. I okuhlaselayo sanqamuka. Vitebsk abashokobezi ngqo nabo amayunithi lempi kusukela ngaphambili, abakwazanga ukuhambisa kalula kuwo wonke izithiyo front-line, bangeniswe njalo impi, ukudla kanye ifolishi, kuyilapho bona ngokwabo babekhokha wakhipha izikhali neziqhumane. Kodwa akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. AmaJalimane wadonsa amabutho fresh kuya phambi kwesigaba, ukuze bamboze ukufohla kuphumele. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ngezihluthu futhi iqiniso lokuthi indawo yabashokobezi uvinjiwe ngokuphelele. Ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1942 ibutho lamaJalimane kwaphoqa amaqembu yabashokobezi bese ngokuphelele waphenduka "Vitebsk Gate". Ngaso lesi sikhathi, lapha, edolobhaneni elincane Pudot, futhi kwakukhona iqembu Anny Kornilovoy.

Umyalo German yini ukupha ngokwengeziwe indima isikhundla matasa Vitebsk. Omunye laliseduze front line futhi kubhekwe yesibili kuphela amasango Smolensk endleleni eya eMoscow. Idolobhana wagcwala amabutho. Ngakho-ke, ngisho bakhi elitheni ngokushesha yacwila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba nzima ukusebenza ngaphandle koxhumano: Umsakazo nhlobo. Umuzi usumisiwe esicacile isiqondiso okwatholakala.

Sabotage amantombazane

Shiya isidingo esikhulu wayengaphambi abashokobezi ekusekeleni ukuxhumana abasebenzi kuphela ngokusebenzisa axhunyiwe. Okthoba 1 Vera ubekade Vitebsk, emgodini lesitha. Nge umsebenzi wakhe amabili engabandlululi. Bona leaked ku esiteshini sesitimela, belibangise nokusuka aerodromes ku izimboni, esikhundleni Usigaxamabhande sika.

Ikhaya Ukuze Ukholo isiphetho abantu, okwemihlelo yazo. Lapho izakhamuzi enobudlova kudlangile ngithunyelwa ukuyosebenza eJalimane, inhlangano komhlaba ngaphansi kokuqondisa Anna Kornilova bazama ukuphazamisa lesi senzo. Abashokobezi washisa imibhalo labour exchange, wayidabula i-passport yamahhovisi eyayikuleli gendarmerie, baye bahlela isikebhe saya abashokobezi zemindeni lonke, ngisho kukhishwa abantu abavela izitimela ilibangise eJalimane. Girls abe usizo olukhulu ubalekile isiboshwa emakamu impi. Besalungisa isenzo esikhumulweni sezindiza, esiteshini sesitimela, ukuqhuma yemidlalo movie amaNazi. kuphangwa avamile ukwesaba ungagxambukeli yokuthi cishe nsuku zonke wawa izitimela aphazamisa ethwele amabutho kanye nemishini. Girls basakaza amapheshana ngokufingqa kweSoviet Information Bureau.

AmaNazi ezingelwa nenkani komhlaba athishela. Ngu Ukholo yaqala ukuthola izindaba ezethusayo. abaholi Underground wazama ukuvimbela ukwehluleka futhi uyovusa Ukholo nabangane bakhe besuka emzini. Kodwa lona wesifazane wayengenayo ufuna ngisho ukuzwa ngakho.

ukwehluleka

Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani inhlangano komhlaba kuhlulekile. Kuze kube manje, ayitholakalanga futhi endaweni lapho alwa abulawa. Akutholakali kungekho imibhalo baphilela ubufakazi. Babika ukuthi Novemba 13, 1942 Khoruzhaya okwakufanele ahlangane nabo nge exhunyiwe kusukela umyalo abashokobezi. Ngesikhathi efika endlini ephephile, kwakukhona amaJalimane ezimbili - izikhulu. Vera akazange alahlekelwe wakhe wakhuluma nabo e-German. Ezikuthandayo yokuthi lomhlangano nowesifazane Baltic isiJalimane, okuyinto eyenzeka ngengozi e Vitebsk, base ngisho amsize. Isiphetho kwakungalindelekile neze. Empeleni, indlu lizungezwe amaphoyisa. Cishe, amaJalimane ayinazo maqondana bamba Heroine. La maphoyisa besingalindele ukuthi amaphoyisa bagqekeza lo muzi.

Ukholo Sparrow umndeni waboshwa. Duzane emizini yabo sibekezelele lonogada. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona amanye amantombazane ababili ababengamkhulekeli uqaphela izingane aphuma ku mgwaqo futhi ubabonise uphawu lwengozi. Amantombazane ngangingazi ukuthi ingozi, abazange bakuqaphele namatshwayo.

Ukufa Heroine

On kokuphenywa lokuqala kwatholakala ukuthi amaJalimane babengenalo ulwazi iqembu eMoscow. Izitha sakwazi ukumisa ungubani scouts, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto ezingelwa amaphoyisa kanye Usigaxamabhande. Thina waphenduka imbuka Petrova ukuqhaqha abamba isigijimi courier ukholo. Girls ngokushesha idluliselwe engaphansi kweNyuka egqumeni. Kuyinto ngokukhethekile elihlomile sokuhlushwa ekamelweni ngamaNazi ngenxa izithunjwa eyigugu kakhulu - casemates eluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwazo kukhona yamatlege futhi isigxobo. Kwacaca ukuthi iqembu edalulwa.

Girls wahlupheka behlukunyezwa esabekayo, kodwa akekho kubo owaba ngumkhapheli. AmaNazi esingu egcekeni sikashukela abantu abambalwa kusukela iqembu. Isiphetho lonke akekho owaziyo. Akungabazeki ukuthi akuzona uyaphila. ofakazi ezithile babike ukuthi abathandi benarha yekhethu badutshulwe ngaphandle komuzi, e umhosha Ilovskom lapho bema cool yezimvula ekuseni. Kubonakala ukuba owakhileyo lendawo wezwa umsindo kweza imoto, iqembu lamaJalimane amemeza ukuqhuma kwezibhamu ngengozi, futhi ngemva kokuhamba yama-Jalimane endaweni ngokubulawa phansi namanje ezihambayo: begcwele uyaphila.

Kunenye kucatshangwa ukuthi ukholo Khoruzhaya nge nezintombi zakhe, njengamanye amaqhawe empini - uJulius Fucik noMusa Jalil, ezithathwe Berlin Moabit inqaba.

Yilokho nje odongeni kwelinye isiboshwa esabekayo wahlala umbhalo oqoshiwe dlala: "Khoruzhaya ...". Akunakwenzeka ukuthi le ndawo bakwazi ukuphuma uyaphila. Esikhathini sethu, kukhona ukwehlukana Museum Regional, futhi emgwaqweni yethiwa Heroine.

Feat Khoruzhey (kafushane mayelana Kwabikwa esihlokweni) awuzange ukhohlwe. Ngo-1960, May 17, a engabandlululi emangalisayo ukhishwa isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwakhe.

Lilac Vera Horuzhaya

Kukhunjulwa Hero kweSoviet Union, edumile Belarusian fighter komhlaba ngubani esenikele impilo nenjabulo ngoba ubukhosi lokhokho, ezihlukahlukene ezinhle Lilac wethulwa.

Lolu hlobo lokuthonya izimbali ezahlukene umbala ngesisa mikhulu futhi aluhlaza. Ziyakwazi onsomi-pink maphakathi c engavamile imicibisholo bluish. I ububanzi izimbali ezinkulu - kufike ku 2.8 cm kanye nomklamo walo efana nezinye izitshalo - eseshumi. Ezihlabayo kuhle elikhulu, kodwa hhayi kakhulu.

Abaningi baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu inhlobo Lilac efanayo mnene futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, eliqinile njengoba Vera Khoruzhaya, biography okwakhulunywa kulesi sihloko.