Esikoleni Solovetsky ngokoqobo Soviet umlando Navy, Alumni, inkumbulo

Intsha uwumnikazi wenkampani usawoti, nge zithonye Gait futhi imikhuba wazibonela amadoda ... Jung - uhlobo uphawu phakade bangasephula amasiko asolwandle. Uma une umfana, ukulungele yini ukushiya emphemeni elikhipha umkhovu etsheni, bese - ngoxhaxha ukuba!

Okuxoxiswana ngakho esihlokweni sizogxila Solovki esikoleni Jung, umlando walesi sikhungo, indalo yayo, iziqu inkumbulo.

abafundi Petrovs

Cabin umfana eRussia uvele cishe ngasikhathi sinye nge ngoxhaxha - e 1707 Petr Veliky wasungula isikole sokuqala kuleli zwe, lapho zaqeqesha intsha amatilosi. Lesi sikole sisebenza e Kronstadt, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Khona-ke kwaba khona isikole esifana esikoleni itilosi, futhi kwenziwa umzamo ngo-1912 ukubuyisela isikhungo Kronstadt.

Isizathu sokusungulwa izikole ezinjalo (endleleni, isikhathi eside, igama elibhalwe ayephuli lolimi Russian - "yungov esikoleni" ngoba elithi "gumbi umfana" Lokudabuka Dutch) - isidingo sokuba kunakekelwe ngokwezinto ukuqeqeshwa esizayo amatilosi. Sailor kwakudingeka azi futhi bakwazi: Odlula isosha, futhi ulungiselele amatilosi ezinhle ukubuthela noma ababuthiwe awuzange lula - wayechitha isikhathi esiningi.

Uhulumeni waseSoviet uqonda lokhu, futhi ngo-1940 usethe abafana esikoleni sakhe sika esiqhingini Valaam. Yebo, ukuze nje uthole ukuqeqeshwa okuhle abafundi bakhe abazange babe nesikhathi - empini akalindanga ngabo. Iyini indima labafana Solovki sesikole? Lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

abafo esikhundleni

Valaam gumbi umfana babulawa, cishe zonke (esuka kubantu 200 abahlala azikho angaphezu kweshumi nambili), belwela okuthiwa "saseNevsky Spot". Baye lazibonakalisa alwa namaqhawe, kodwa injongo yakhe main angagcwaliseki - bekungeke kube ichibi ithalenta Navy. Futhi le nkinga likhula ngokushesha - ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yempi wazibonela amatilosi babulawa ngobuningi, futhi esikhundleni sawo amasosha kusuka izindawo ezisemaphethelweni ngokuqapha, angikaze ngimbone kolwandle, kwakungenakwenzeka. ukhetho akukuhle futhi kancane abafundile - abakwazanga ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi umkhumbi ubuchwepheshe.

Ihamba wathumela ngaphambilini wakhonza angamarizevu, kodwa futhi wayazi okuningi ibuthuntu, kanye ubuchwepheshe hhayi emi namanje. Ukubuthela, abaningi babo kakade kahle engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, kwakungafanele athethwe usuyinto amatilosi ochwepheshe. Kunesidingo ukudala kwasungulwa isikole esisha sababonisi ukuqeqeshwa amatilosi ukuthi kwakuyoba lula ukukhonza khona empini futhi sibhekane imishini lomkhumbi.

isimemezelo Admiral ku ukusungulwa esikoleni

Isinqumo elihambisana esenziwa eU.SSR Yabantu Commissar we Navy, u-Admiral NG Kuznetsov. It is esigama emva kwakhe manje odumile kakhulu Russian izindiza yenethiwekhi, enifeza umkhankaso muva nje ogwini lwaseSiriya. Meyi 25, 1942, u-Admiral usesayine isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa abafana esikoleni ku le Solovetsky Islands.

Lesakhiwo kwakuwukwenza zinsizwa ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sempi amakhono: umsakazo opharetha, signalers, ayo, ugesi, umakhenikha futhi Navy Boatswain.

Solovki babe elula ngenxa yezizathu eziningana - futhi eduze endaweni ukulwa imisebenzi, futhi kuphephile, futhi base lobuchwepheshe oluthile wawukhona, futhi wangaphambili sezindela izakhiwo ukuthi kalula aguqulelwe zokufundela kanye emabhalekisini. Unyaka wokufunda ihlelelwe ukuqala mhlaka 1 Septhemba - ngakho sasisincane kakhulu isikhathi ukuqhuba umkhankaso yesethulo amahlelo umsebenzi. Athole amavolontiya kufanele kuphela ingenhlangano Komsomol. Nokho, u-Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov ngokuqondile waveza ukuze yayo ukuthi abafundi akumele babe amalungu Komsomol.

Mthetho we Geneva Convention

Mangisho, eziningi ukhetho umfana gumbi wathatha lokhu kulungiswa Umkhuzi eyinqaba. Nakuba ngokusemthethweni zesikole waqoqa intsha engu 15-16, kodwa cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa kwengobe ehlukahlukene kwakukhona amasosha, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo cha attained engu-Komsomol. Esakhuluma ngayo le ndaba lapho yaze yaphela impi kwaba nezigameko eziningi ukulahleka noma ukulimala kwemibhalo futhi uqinisekise idatha kwakungenakwenzeka njalo. Omncane Solovetsky gumbi umfana ngesikhathi bengena cwaningo kwadingeka kuphela ... iminyaka 11!

Yebo, misa gumbi-umfana abafana engu-15 ubudala (futhi ngemva konyaka bathunyelwa ukukhonza!) Ingabe ngokucacile ngokuphambene nemithetho zezenhlalakahle Geneva Convention sivimbela ukusetshenziswa njalo inkonzo yezempi ka abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala. Kodwa lezi zenzo ngokugcwele kuhambisana nemithetho zokuziphatha intsha zomphakathi-enomfutho zaseSoviet sempi.

abafana Soviet bewazi ngokuqinisekile: kubalulekile ukuba ishaye amaFascist ekubhujisweni kwaso okuphelele! Kodwa khona Geneva Convention, iningi labo nakancane futhi engafuni ukuba. Lezo zingane kweSoviet Union, ezashintsha entsha passport ngonyaka lokuzalwa 1925 kuya 1923, ngokushesha kakhudlwana ukuya phambili, noma iminyaka engu-11, wafunga ukuthi banayo 15 ezahlukene izinga eyinhloko kuhle ukuthi ukukhulisa ingane - isifiso sabo sokuba abadala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi esakhula baqonda kahle - njengoba umthwalo, umsebenzi nesibopho.

mncintiswano Brutal

Futhi intsha e-USSR yayiningi kakhulu! Ngokwabo wangaphambili gumbi umfana wangitshela ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, eMoscow, ne imiyalelo lokuthumela nge izihlalo ezingu-500 kwi iqoqo lokuqala kwezinsuku ezimbalwa 3,500 izicelo ahanjiswe.

Nokho, ngokuqinile abakhethiwe. Leli phutha - ucabange ukuthi izikole Suvorov noma ngokoqobo esikoleni phakathi nempi wathumela kuphela abangenamakhaya. Kanjalo, futhi, kwakukhona kodwa kuphela labo izingane abangondingasithebeni, ukuthi nje akuyona shí ubugebengu. Kaningi, abazobhapathizwa bavuma sibe izisebenzi abasebasha ababezimisele abashokobezi encane namadodana regiments, kanye nabantwana bakwa-amasosha oshonile.

Labo okwakulindeleke ukuba ngithole imfundo okungenani 6 amakilasi (ezinye ngobuqili wakwazi ukuthola emhlabeni lo mthetho) nokuba nempilo enhle (lapho kwaba nzima - Abezokwelapha "zihambisana" kwabaningi). Thina wabafundisa kusuka 9 kuya ku-11 izinyanga, okukhulu kakhulu, futhi lolu hlelo nje kuphela isiyalo lunye, kodwa futhi isiRashiya, izibalo, isayensi. Ngisho okuhleliwe isikole umdanso emasikweni engcono yemikhumbi Russian (wezwakalisa yokuthi of ngokoqobo kube kukhuliswa izinduna - ikhono ukudansa sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi kuphoqelekile "ilungelo 'ka, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle). intsha Oqeqeshiwe uba usizo ngempela ithalente pool.

Veterans elingabonwa ngokoqobo esikoleni

ngokoqobo esikoleni Solovetsky Navy ekhiqizwa 5 izinhlelo (3 ngesikhathi sempi, kanye 2 ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo - la bafundi ikakhulu ethunyelwe izikebhe ezinezinjini zika, ecacile ulwandle okwami). Kamuva, isikole wayiswa Kronstadt, futhi Solovki gumbi umfana yaphela - kwakukhona Kronstadt.

School Solovki ngokoqobo ngesikhathi sempi, ukhiphe abantu 4111, ngaleso sikhathi owayekhonza kuwo wonke mabutho (basakaza ngokuqinile uma sicabangela isidingo). Cishe 1,000 ngokoqobo engabuyi ekhaya, ngokunikela ngokuphila sommangalelwa njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. Abaningi babo kwakungabantu umsakazo opharetha, kodwa minders abaningana, Electricians kanye wezikhali. Kwaba ayo, signalers kanye nabamele amanye amakhono zasolwandle.

Ngokuvamile imikhumbi iziqu abafana Solovki esikoleni waphelela mhlawumbe amalungu ethimba sifunde kakhulu futhi abaqeqeshiwe (nokungezwani izisebenzi waphikelela kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi). Kulezi zimo, isimo nakuba - Umfana oneminyaka engu-16-17 ubudala uvele indima abaqeqeshi kanye nabaholi bomfowabo oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala. Yiqiniso, abazange bamkhohlwe ukukhumbuza yungam kwakuwukuthi, kodwa namanje ukuwo ngokwezinjongo ezinhle. Nokho, ababuthiwe amadala usakhunjulwa kahle umkhankaso ukuqeda okungabi nalwazi abantu abadala, lapho othisha kanye nogogo nomkhulu, futhi, babengamaphayona eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Ngakho ukuthi amatilosi Soviet ziqondwa kahle: the young - akusho kancane onolwazi.

Thina ukhishwa kubo ngokuzithandela kakhulu, kodwa umvuzo. Solovetsky iziqu V Moiseenko ngo-1945 waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Sasha Kovalev (! Kwakungeyona ngisho Alexander - Sasha) Ukube Order of Red Star kanye neMpi Yezwe II; abaningi kwanikezelwa izindondo. Kodwa ukuqashelwa kwempi ye icala engazange asungule. Kuze 1985 Solovki gumbi umfana awazange kubhekwe ngisho abahlanganyeli ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe! Sekube yokucasha ngamabomu iqiniso ukwamukelwa yesifungo lempi (cishe yikho okumele kusolwe zonke okufanayo Geneva Convention, kuyiphi-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ufihle kweminyaka eyishumi nahlanu izinduna). ukuphikelela kuphela ka Marshal Akhromeeva bavunyelwe alungise noma ikuphi ukungabi nabulungisa.

Kodwa imemori waphikelela ngaphandle kokubheka tape bureaucratic ezibomvu. Kakade 1972 (i-iminyaka engu-30 isikole) kwaqala ukuvela ezikhumbuzo lokuqala abafana kusukela Solovki, futhi uye waba umhlangano yendabuko ngokoqobo wangaphambili.

ubuzalwane enemisebenzi

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi ngokoqobo owasinda empini, kwaba eningi abantu multi-abanamakhono, abaningi baye baphumelela ezihlukahlukene amakhono.

UVladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin noN Usenko ukuphila lonke buboshelwe imikhumbi, ngivuka ngokulandelana kuya Admiral, Admiral engemuva futhi uCaptain 2 isikhundla. Lezi amatilosi ezintathu ngemva kwempi wathola isihloko Hero kweSoviet Union ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafani. nezinye alumni Four kwanikezelwa Star of the Hero of Socialist Labour.

I. K. Peretruhin wakhetha inkonzo yezempi kwenye indawo - baba oyiphoyisa counterintelligence. Waziveza umfana gumbi nalabo eziye yanquma ukushintsha ukuma ne cap sakhe isudi zomsebenzi. BT Shtokolov wathola isihloko Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR - kwaba opera umculi odumile, umculi bass imigqa. V. Leonov uye izinkanyezi ku inqwaba amafilimu; Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu Bard, umculi amateur ezingoma zakhe siqu. GN Matyushin walwa ukuze kulondolozwe umlando izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe njengoba kakhulu njengoba awuvikele isitha - archeologists wathola isihloko academician. VG Guzanov wabhala amaskripthi ngamabhayisikobho nangezincwadi; Wabuye akufeza babe nobuhlobo Russian-Japanese kwamasiko, wayebhekwa izifundo Japanese onguchwepheshe. Ezinye izincwadi zakhe, bheka, zilotshiwe Japanese.

Kodwa eyaziwa kakhulu eseke omunye ezashiywa isikhathi kakhulu kunazo kakhulu Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul lapho bengena Solovetsky sesikole isibaluli yena. Wayefanele athwale duty ukulwa, kodwa isiphetho kwakuyinkathi evumela - itilosi abasha ngasinda. Kamuva V S. Pikul adumile njengoba kwakungenzeka ukuthi mhlawumbe umlobi odumile kakhulu ngempela namaSoviet futhi Russian onguchwepheshe amanoveli zomlando. abafundi Soviet (ngokuvamile etotoswa izincwadi ezinhle) babe esivuna izincwadi zakhe kulayini okuhloliwe kwaphinde kwakhiqizwa kubo ngokwakho ku imishini yokubhala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo cishe isigamu amanoveli Pikul ngandlela-thile, kodwa walandisa zasolwandle indaba ephathwayo.

Incwadi mayelana Boys labafana Solovki wesikole 'ngemicibisholo yawo yensimbi'

Ungakhohlwa umbhali kanye ebusheni bakhe wesivunguvungu Solovki. wanikezela noveli "Boys ngemicibisholo yawo yensimbi" labe selithi kozakwabo ngesikhathi abafana esikoleni futhi ikusasa labo ngingakhululeki. Wachaza ukuphila kanye isiphetho Solovki esikoleni sabantu asebegogodile yayo imisebenzi yabo futhi VG Guzanov.

Uma lezi imisebenzi ngokoqobo wangaphambili ziyizincwadi ngokuyisisekelo ngokuphila kwakhe, kukhona ethandwa futhi imenze intsha samanje inkumbulo usuku mayelana axhaphaze ontanga. Encwadini "Ulwandle ishayela onesibindi" inganikelwa njengesibonelo. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi ishicilelwe e Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl lapho, futhi lapho Solovki!

Umlando Solovki ngokoqobo esikoleni sabonakala ebhayisikobho KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - ifilimu kusekelwe kuyo, "Northern Fleet Young" yathathwa.

Memory e itshe lesikole abadumile

Lokhu kwaziswa eyizingqabavu futhi igcina feat uyakufanelekela abasha namaqhawe uwumnikazi wenkampani. Itshe lesikhumbuzo kuqale ukuvela Solovki yokudumisa iminyaka engu-30 isikole. azifake egunjini lakhe wangaphambili umfana ayeyakhe ngokwabo, bebodwa futhi ngezindleko zabo.

Kamuva, ngemva ukuqashelwa olusemthethweni Solovki Jung omakadebona yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ukuzoqhubekisela ukukhunjulwa kwabo babehileleke kokubili uhulumeni kanye nomphakathi jikelele. E-Moscow ngo-1995, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa endaweni Solovki ngokukwenza ngokoqobo. Ngo-1993, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo amatilosi abasha setha phezu kwaleli chibi yeNyakatho Dvina, futhi ngo-2005 - ku ogama lakhe behlonipha kakhulu endaweni yakhona (ezimweni zombili, umlobi akhuluma umqophi F. Sogayan).

Kodwa lesikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu umi egcekeni kwesinye sezikole eMoscow (manje - "Kuqondile" sokuzivocavoca). Uvele 1988, futhi umlobi yephrojekthi wayebuye abe iziqu Solovetsky - umculi E. N. Goryachev. Moscow School futhi waduma ngenxa kokuba wadala Museum lokuqala ngokoqobo wezwe Solovetsky - ngosizo ingqalabutho ngokwabo nomdlandla likathisha kanye yomfundi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indima ebalulekile enhlanganweni yakhe wadlala Komsomol - iCommunist Youth Union nophinde abe wahlanganyela hhayi kuphela inkulumo-ze, kodwa futhi (ngokwezinga elikhulu) imfundo zokuziphatha futhi abonisa ukushisekela izwe. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe wabonakala ngo-1983, futhi kuze kube-2012 bekubonakala eliholwa uCaptain 1st Rank (Ret) N. V Osokin - yangaphambili Solovetsky Jung.

"Asikaze ngicabanga, amaqabane, ukuthi Museum yungah evulekile", - wabhala kule Bard isikhathi V. Leonov. izinkondlo zakhe zaba yisiqubulo kulesi sikhungo esiyingqayizivele.

Happy Anniversary, amaqabane!

Ngo-2017, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu 75th of the Solovki ngokoqobo esikoleni. Imikhosi ngale ndaba yayiqhutshelwa eMoscow, Arkhangelsk futhi, yebo, ku-Solovki. Eminyakeni yamuva, isiphetho abafundi zangaphambili (13 babo manje kubukhoma ku arhangelogorodschine) kanye esikoleni ngokwayo Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung nobuholi bakhe kuyinto kakhulu iqiniso. Emcimbini othile onesizotha umhlangano zendabuko esiyisikhumbuzo ambalwa abathweswe iziqu asele. ekuphathweni lesifunda baqala ukukhuluma ngesidingo ukudala e Solovki Museum isikhumbuzo.

Ngempela - Solovetsky Islands, lapho abafana wesikole wahlala, namahloni ukuthi kulesi sici banika igunya eMoscow. Ikakhulukazi manje ukuthi ukuhola wamanje sezindela Solovetsky kungokwalabo ngokohlelo lokudala Jung Museum ngokuqonda nokusekelwa. Ngenxa yesizathu esihle ezifana izindela uyavumelana a "hambisa" kancane nokuba anikele noma yimuphi usizo imisebenzi yesayensi kanye yenhlangano.

Futhi kungaba ngisho Reborn futhi esikoleni uqobo. Owayengumongameli waseRussia Uthumele sipho ukudlulisela Solovki ezinye izakhiwo Marine ubusosha Corps ukuba aphinde zezinkantolo Russian babe nobuqhawe Solovki gumbi umfana. Kwazi bani. Mhlawumbe indaba edumile ngokoqobo esikoleni Solovetsky ayikapheli ...