Izinhlobo zezinkondlo: a khulula, ivesi ingenalutho futhi abanye

ivesi elingenalutho - yigama amavesi iambic ngaphandle imvumelwano. Igama elisuka ngesiNgisi. Poetics yencazelo English «vesi nalutho» lidlule ku French - «Vers blanc». Ngakho, ingenalutho izinkondlo vesi babhujiswa ne "kusulwe" imvumelwano. Ukungabi bikho imvumelwano babevamile izimbongi lasendulo.

ivesi elingenalutho akuve kuvamile ukuba bendabuko izinkondlo Russian. Ngo imisebenzi indima kwesakhiwo okwesikhathi isigatshana ethize (ekugcineni). Encwadini izinkondlo, kunalokho, ivesi nalutho isetshenziswa kancane njalo.

Syllabic inkathi izinkondlo Russian libhekene uwukubonakaliswa ngokukhethekile ahambisana. Nokho Trediakovskii wabona njengesisekelo akusho ahambisana, nesigci abuye imitha. Nguye lokuqala yabhala lokhu leli vesi nalutho, akukho imvumelwano.

Ngemva Trediakovsky Kantemir elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Izincwadi" Horace. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi izimbongi sillabisty kubhekwe eziyisisekelo evesini akusho ahambisana futhi Jog usayizi, isigqi imethrikhi.

Mangithi ukuthi encwadini Poetics of Ubukhulu basendulo, kuhlanganise nama hexameter, ezazamukelwa ngaphandle ingxabano. I "elingenalutho vesi inkulumo ethi" ezinye izinhlangothi akazange asheshe yamukelwe izimbongi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kakhulu kakhulu ekuvikeleni imisebenzi bezrifmennyh Zhukovsky. Yena sasekelwa Koltsov, Pushkin, Lermontov, futhi ngokwengxenye. Ngemva kwalokho, lona kanye ivesi nalutho sekuyinto evamile izinkondlo. Indlela eyamukelwa ezingxenyeni eziningi kubhekwa emisebenzini okukhulu, ngokuvamile pentameter iambic.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungabi khona imvumelwano emisebenzini akusho wawubaphuca likhushulwe. Leli vesi nalutho, njengoba ngempela kwabanye, usindiswe futhi Ngolimi olungokomfanekiso, futhi lesi sigaba somthetho, nesigci.

Naphezu ukuntuleka eliphelele imvumelwano, sifanangwaca imigqa ekupheleni, amavesi abhalwe kuhambisana nezidingo metric. Ngamanye amazwi, umkhiqizo siqukethe nenani elilinganako izinyawo, sinye inakekelwa. Efanisa "amhlophe" futhi "khulula" vesi, kumnandi umsindo wokuqala. Abalobi esimweni sokuqala, inkululeko eyengeziwe kwezinye ukusetshenziswa izindlela yokukhuluma, okwenza umkhiqizo imizwelo kakhulu.

ivesi Mahhala rhymed iambic umsebenzi wokuthola, esibonakala ngenombolo engalingani (hhayi engaphezu kweyisithupha) izinyawo emigqeni.

Ezisetshenzisiwe vesi khulula izinganekwane Mikhalkov, abampofu, Krylov. Ekuqaleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kule isitayela zishicilelwe kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe, epitaphs, epigrams. Evesini khulula, idrama wadala "ukubonakala" (Lermontov) kanye "Maye kusukela Wit" (comedy Griboyedov). Ngekhulu lesithathu lokuqala yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ngendlela efanayo ukuze ubhale ezinye Elegy nge umehluko omncane ubude yezinhlamvu. Lapho umehluko omkhulu e ubude string zingoma ukuthola othile tint wesitayela okuyinto izinganekwane eyinqaba.

Ezinye izimbongi, uzama ukubhala umsebenzi lyrical, "khulula" singakutholi ukwesekwa. "Ofana" (inkondlo Bogdanovich sika) - le nkondlo kuphela evesini khulula wenza - ehlala ezihlukanisile. Abagxeki abaningi etemibhalo amele isitayela in the zomlando kazwelonke raeshnika owalandela. Bobabili izitayela abe uhlelo ezivamile anisosyllabic imigqa. ivesi Mahhala kungekho ngezikhawu ezehlukene Rhythmic, kule ndaba, ke akanawo cantabile, okuyinto ejwayelekile ubhala ivesi noma amavesi okufanele imethrikhi. At inhliziyo freestyle kuyinto unyawo disyllabic, okungadingi ingaphela noma shestidolnik chetyrehdolnik ukulungiswa yako ilinganiselwe kakhulu.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili babevela Poetics entshonalanga, igama elithi "evesini khulula". Lenchazelo libhekene "evesini khulula" - eyinqaba vesi zokwakheka kancane. Bona babengafani syllabic-tonic isosyllabism futhi syllabic vesi. Okokuqala, igama elithi "evesini khulula" lalisetshenziselwa igama elihunyushwe ku Russian imisebenzi French Symbolist izimbongi.