Izimbongi Russian kwekhulu lama-20. Ukudala izimbongi ubudala 19-20

Isikhova i-great umbhali Russian Maxim Gorky ethi "izincwadi kwekhulu le-19 wachaza amaza olukhulu umoya, ingqondo nenhliziyo umculi kweqiniso." Lokhu kubonakala ngemisebenzi abalobi bekhulu lama-20. Ngemva inguquko ka 1905, iMpi Yezwe I kulwiwa, umhlaba ungakabikho iba yingxenye yomhlabathi like. Kube nokungezwani yomphakathi, umsebenzi ukubuyela bonke ababekade uthatha izincwadi. Ngo laseRussia laqala ukuvusa ezimele umcabango yefilosofi kwakukhona izitayela ezintsha zobuciko, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi lamanani overestimated kwekhulu lama-20 futhi akazange avume lapho zokuziphatha ezindala.

Kuyini, izincwadi phezu kwekhulunyaka?

Esikhundleni classicism zobuciko weza yesimanjemanje, okuyinto zingahlukaniswa zibe amagatsha amaningana: kufanekisa, Acmeism, futurism, imagism. Ngaqhubeka vuma okwangempela, lapho izwe kwangaphakathi kusenzo ngokuhambisana isimo sayo sezenhlalo; okwangempela sezenhlalo akazange avumele ukugxekwa neziphathimandla, ngakho abalobi emsebenzini wakhe ngokuzama ukuba singabonisi ukukhulisa ngezepolitiki. Phakathi yokuchuma isiliva balandela imibono yabo ngesibindi entsha kanye nezihloko ezihlukahlukene. izimbongi izinkondlo kwekhulu lama-20 zalotshwa ngokuhambisana inkambo ethile kanye nesitayela: ngokubhala Mayakovsky sika libhekene iladi, ngoba Khlebnikov - occasionalisms yakhe eminingi eyenzelwe Severianin - imvumelwano engavamile.

Kusukela Futurism ukuze Namaqiniso Socialist

Ngo umfanekiso imbongi igxila ezithile uphawu, ukusikisela, ngakho okushiwo umsebenzi kungaba multi-zenani. Laba bameleli be-main babe UZinaida Gippius, u-Alexander Blok, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Ziyakwazi kusesho njalo izimiso okuphakade, kuyilapho ebhekisela nezimfihlakalo. Ngo-1910, esibucayi kufanekisa - yonke imibono sezivele adiliza, futhi umfundi ngeke uthole lutho olusha ezinkondlweni.

I Futurism negate ngokuphelele isiko lasendulo. Enguqulweni, le nkulumo isho ukuthi "ubuciko esizayo", abalobi ahehe izilaleli ethusayo, luhlaza lokho futhi ukucaciseleka. Poems of lo mkhuba - Vladimir Mayakovsky futhi Osip Mandelstam - libhekene kokuqala amazwi nonce (amazwi kombhali).

okwangempela Socialist umsebenzi ukubeka abasebenzi imfundo emoyeni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Abalobi kuvezwa isimo specific emphakathini ukuthuthukiswa wamavukelambuso. Izimbongi wama phandle ikakhulukazi Marina Tsvetaeva, futhi bezincwadi eziqanjiwe - Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zamyatin.

Kusukela acmeism ukuze novokrestyanskoy isosha esihlatshelelwayo

Imagism sekukhona eRussia emva kwempi eminyakeni yokuqala. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Sergey Esenin futhi Anatoly Mariengof hhayi kubonakala ubuqambi imibono kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Abamele lo mkhuba bathi inkondlo kufanele okwenyanga, ngakho bengakwenzi ukuhlala phezu izingathekiso, epithets, kanye nezinye izindlela yokukhuluma wobuciko.

Abamele novokrestyanskoy isosha esihlatshelelwayo ukuvusela yemisebenzi yakhe isiko wendabuko, thina bayahlonishwa impilo yasemakhaya. Kwaba njalo imbongi Russian kwekhulu lama-20 Sergey Esenin. izinkondlo zakhe - okumsulwa kanye ngobuqotho, futhi umlobi uchaza kuzo uhlobo enjabulweni yabantu elula, ebhekisela isiko Aleksandra Pushkina futhi Mikhail Lermontov. Ngemva inguquko ka 1917 salandelwa esifushane injabulo ukuphoxeka.

Igama elithi "Acmeism" kusho "sekuyisikhathi eziqhakaza." Izimbongi kwekhulu lama-20, uNikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam futhi Sergey Gorodetsky emsebenzini wakhe emuva esikhathini esidlule futhi Russia yemukele ukucatshangelwa ezijabulisa kunazo zonke ekuphileni, acabanga ngokucacile, ubulula ngobufushane. Babebukeka siyeke nobunzima, ngomusa zabonakala zintanta zigeleza emfuleni, ethi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwazi indlela yokumazi.

ukujula zefilosofi ngokwengqondo zezinkondlo Bunin sika

Ivan kwaba imbongi ophilayo lapho kwakuphambana khona nangenkathi ezimbili, ngakho Nokho, emisebenzini yakhe kubonakala nezehlakalo ezihlobene lapho kuqala Ezikhathini zanamuhla, waqhubeka isiko Pushkin. Enkondlweni "Kusihlwa", uza umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo umqondo ngokuthi injabulo hhayi ezintweni ezibonakalayo, kodwa isidalwa esingumuntu: "Ngibona, ukuzwa, ujabule - konke kimi." Ngamanye imisebenzi, hero lyrical ivumela yena ukucabanga mayelana transience wokuphila, iba imbangela ezibangela ukudabuka.

Bunin waziphatha ukubhala imisebenzi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, okuyinto emva Revolution wathumela izimbongi eziningi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. In Paris, azizwa sengathi ongamazi - "inyoni has a isidleke, isilo odla umgodi", futhi ezweni lakubo, walahlekelwa. Bunin uyinsindiso lakhe ithalenta bathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngo-1933, e-Russia kubhekwa isitha abantu, kodwa abayeki ukuthayipha.

umbhali wamazwi Sensual, imbongi kanye kicker

Sergey Yesenin kwaba Imagist hhayi ukudala imibandela emisha, futhi aphakamise amagama abafileyo befaka nabo izithombe egqamile senkondlo. Kusukela esikoleni, waba rogues ezidumile wawubuyisela ngokusebenzisa izinga ukuphila kwakhe konke, kwaba frequenter of utshwala abadumile ukuthandana. Noma kunjalo, wayenovalo inkanuko uyakuthanda lakubo: "Ngizohlabelela nazo zonke ukuba kwami imbongi anamithandathu ka ezweni anamagama iDemo" Rus "- izimbongi abaningi bekhulu lama-20 wabe nowokuncoma ezweni lakubo. I zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo esenina kwembula inkinga yokuba khona komuntu ngemva 1917 imbongi edumele. revolution, ngoba esikhundleni eside elindelwe ukuphila ipharadesi usenjengomunye esihogweni.

Ebusuku, emgwaqweni, isibani, ikhemisi ...

Alexander Blok - the brilliant kunazo imbongi Russian kwekhulu lama-20, owabhala le "kufanekisa". Kuyathakazelisa ziyayiqaphela indlela kusuka eqoqweni eqoqweni kuyinto kwemvelo yesithombe zesifazane: kusukela Beautiful Lady kuya uCarmen abanothando. Uma ekuqaleni kwakhe deifies into ukuthola uthando lwakhe, kuyiqiniso akazange alinge kwethuka, kamuva amantombazane kubonakale kuye izidalwa ezivamile xaxa. Esebenzisa izwe elimangalisayo romanticism, uthola incazelo, edabula nezinkinga zokuphila, akuphendule e izinkondlo zakhe ku izenzakalo ezibaluleke yomphakathi. Enkondlweni "Abayishumi nambili," usho inikeza umqondo wokuthi inguquko - hhayi kube sekupheleni kwezwe, futhi injongo yayo eyinhloko ukubhujiswa elidala kanye kudalwa umhlaba omusha. Abafundi uzokhumbula Bloc njengoba umbhali nkondlo "Ebusuku, emgwaqweni, isibani, ikhemisi ...", lapho ecabanga nenjongo yokuphila.

Abesifazane ababili abalobi

Lezi zazi zefilosofi futhi izimbongi kwekhulu lama-20 Iningi amadoda, futhi ithalente yabo phendla ngenxa Muses okuthiwa. Abesifazane Bazikhandlé baze bedle kwemizwelo zabo, kanye poetesses evelele kunazo zonke Isiliva Ubudala babe Anna Akhmatova futhi Marina Tsvetaeva. Esokuqala kwaba ngomfazi Nikolaya Gumileva, futhi umshado wabo wazalwa mlando esidumile Lev Gumilyov. Anna Akhmatova akazange abe nesithakazelo ngala mavesi enkulu - izinkondlo zakhe asikwazanga ukumiswa umculo, indlela yokukhuluma wobuciko ayembalwa. I predominance ophuzi kanye grey encazelweni, abampofu ukudunga izifundo ukuphakamisa abafundi ukulangazelela bese uvumele ukuba embule isimo imbongi kweqiniso, ngasinda ukudutshulwa umyeni wakhe.

Isiphetho Mariny Tsvetaevoy ezibuhlungu. Ethola iziqu ukuzibulala, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, udutshulwe umyeni wakhe Sergei Efron. Abafundi yena njalo wakhumbula owesifazane omncane blonde, ezihlobene ubunjalo igazi izibopho. Isikhathi esining impela njengoba ayesebenzelana efakiwe amajikijolo Rowan ukuthi phakade wangena heraldry zezinkondlo zakhe: "Red ibhulashi mountain ash yakhanyisa amahlamvu falling engazalwa ngalo ..."

I izinkondlo engavamile izimbongi ubudala 19-20?

Esikhathini amakhosi amasha leminyaka ipeni izwi evunyiwe amafomu amasha futhi izingqikithi yemisebenzi yakhe. Hlala efanele, umyalezo nkondlo kwezinye izimbongi nabangane. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich kusimangaze umsebenzi wakhe "ubhontshisi". Akenzi ongenalwazi kuwo isigamfulo olulodwa akabashiyi izikhala phakathi amagama, kodwa okusuka kuye amanga kwenye indawo: ubuka umbhalo amehlo imigqa e-string, kungabonwa njengoba kugqame phakathi Ngamanye amazwi, abanye bofeleba obumba umyalezo: Valery Bryusov okuvela kumbhali .

vsemykakbudtonarolikah

sValitsyalegkonoseychas

mchAtsyaiveselOiskolko

damLorniruyutoTmennonas

nashgErBukrashenlikorami

imydeRzkiedushAsshiprom

ischemYugIyulyavoVsomformu

mchaSiloYuotkryToklipper

znOynoznaemchtOvseyunoshi

iVsepochtigovoRyubezusye

UtverzhdayaetochAshkupunsha

pomsradostyuzabryusova

Ukudala izimbongi kwekhulu lama-20 is abatelekile okwakhe yayo. UVladimir Mayakovsky futhi ukhunjulwa kokuba udale indlela entsha vesi - ". Isitebhisi" Imbongi wabhala izinkondlo kunanyana ngibuphi ubujamo okibo, kodwa wathi okuncane mayelana nothando; Kuye watadisha njengenhlangano zakudala okungenakuqhathaniswa, izigidi ezinyathelisiwe, izilaleli wathandana embi yakhe nemibono emisha.