Kuyini Kim Gia?

Russian lwemfundvo kula mashumi eminyaka amuva usebhekene nenguquko ephawulekayo, omunye wabo kwaba ukwethulwa kowamanqamu abafundi izitifiketi ukuhlolwa ngefomethi entsha - i Gia kanye UKUSETSHENZISWA. Kuyini CMM nezinye butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ukuhlolwa, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

Ngobuqotho System 90-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka

Ngakho, umfundi yesimanje, kokuqeda inkambo weMfundo eyisiSekelo, kufanele kube ekupheleni ukuqeqeshwa ukukhombisa amakhono nolwazi, okuzokwenza ube njani ezingeni ngolwazi lwakhe. State luhlolo kokugcina esikoleni kuhlukile kunokunikeza uvivinyo olufanayo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-90 yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Khona-ke kwaba ngokwanele ukuba babhale indaba ekhuluma isiRashiya futhi ukuba benze umsebenzi e-algebra njengoba izivivinyo saziso bese ukhetha kwalo yedwa, izikhonzi ezimbili noma ezintathu jikelele.

Ikomidi luhlolo akhiwa othisha esikoleni ezathatha izimpendulo ukuhlolwa, futhi wenza Isinqumo ngesisekelo izimpendulo wazibona noma walalela. It akazange ihluke, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola lokugcina eziyisisekelo Yiqiniso esikoleni esiphakeme - kwakuqoshwe futhi alethe le izifundo ayimpoqo (Russian kanye IiMbalo) nokubona kwanga izinto ongakhetha kuzo. Ngokusho imiphumela sezikhalazo abafundi bathola amaphepha kokushiya esikoleni futhi ayikwazanga Ungazama ngesandla sabo ngesikhathi ephakeme izinga lemfundo, lapho yokufunda kwadingeka ukuba yokungena ezivivinyweni. Kuyini KIMy ngaleso sikhathi? Konke ulula - kungcono amathikithi, okuyinto kufanele uzilungiselele.

Inqubo kabusha

Kulesi simiso, ezimisiwe, kwakunebandla elilodwa icala: abafundi nemizana kude ngokuvamile ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngeke ikwazi ukuthola ku isivivinyo esigcwele emanyuvesi yindawo ehamba phambili. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba ifomethi izivivinyo ngokwabo - esikhundleni iziqu kanye emnyango Luhlolo livela inketho Lesisemkhatsini, futhi uhlanganise lokuqala nelesibili ngaphandle isidingo ukuya ngqo nyuvesi ezisekelwe. Ngakho-ke lagcwaliseka umbono lokufinyelela okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lemfundo. Ngakho kwaba khona esihlanganisiwe isimo ukuhlolwa, washintsha futhi indlela kuqinisekiswa. Kusukela ngo-2002, njengoba isilingo waqala kwezinye izindawo eRussia. Yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola ziye sihlukene phakathi ngokusho ngezinga lobunzima emaqenjini amathathu: ingxenye "A" - izinto test, engxenyeni "B" - sifaniso kanye logic of the "C" - izimpendulo enemininingwane. Yilokho ukuhlolwa KIMy okwamanje. Kuze 2008, le indlela yokuhlola abathweswe iziqu ezikhungweni zemfundo uyahlolwa ezweni lethu, futhi ngo-2009 waba kuphoqelekile kovivinyo lokugcina yolwazi abafundi '. Ukuze iziqu lesishiyagalolunye amakilasi umsebenzi zakhelwe iphethini efanayo, kodwa inani labo kuyehla - okungukuthi KIMy DPA ngoba imfundo yesibili aphansi.

A ezimbili-level ukuhlolwa

Ukumeda nokulawula izinto (yilokho KIM) Ayekulungele nazo zonke abaluthole umfundi ezidingekayo, futhi ekugcineni ngathola imisebenzi engaba ngamashumi amathathu, inani labo iyahlukahluka kuye ngale ndaba. Ikakhulukazi yokudalwa bakhangwa Ochwepheshe ezivela emikhakheni ehlukene kusuka ezweni lonke, ngenxa yalokho kukhona Ukukhetha futhi kungenzeka ukuthola khona kwabo waqhubeka izivivinyo.

imisebenzi ihlanganiswe futhi ukuhlelwa ehilelekile Federal Institute for Education Kukhuluma. Ngakho, uvivinyo embulele nokuzimisela nekhono lomfundi ukufunda esikoleni esiphakeme. Uhlelo is njalo ngcono. Kanye ukuhlolwa kancane kancane ukwazi uvivinyo olufanayo for Class Course 9 (DPA ukuthi KIMy ukuze alolu, sibuyekeze ngaphambili), liphinde luhlolo ukuqinisekiswa ngesimo ukuhlolwa kanye nemisebenzi efakwe. Umehluko phakathi amazinga ezimbili luhlolo yilezi ukuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi isibalo izabelo sokugcina.

Uyini ukuhlolwa KIMy

Manje sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe imisebenzi ukugcwaliswa langempela kuto tonkhe tigaba ukuhlolwa. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yonke imibuzo e KIMah zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso ukuhlola kungenzeka ngomqondo ovulekile ukuhlola amathuba abafundi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-elula kakhulu futhi ayidingi izindleko ezinkulu engqondo, Nokho, futhi kulinganiselwa izikolo aphansi. Ukuze udlulisele ngempumelelo ovivinyweni lokugcina, isixazululo esisodwa ingxenye yaleli akuyona ukwenza esiphezulu amaphuzu kungenakwenzeka ukuba lokhu iqhaza ezimpikweni ezahlukene ingeqi 25. Iqembu imisebenzi yesibili luyindida kakhulu futhi angathola amakhono ayisisekelo kanye ethize kanye nolwazi umfundi. Kulinganiselwa kokuhlukana, kodwa inani eliphelele amaphuzu kuleyo ngxenye engenhla iyonke. Ekugcineni, imibuzo enzima kunazo atholakala engxenyeni yokugcina ukuhlolwa. Ukugcwaliswa ngempumelelo kwezinyathelo lolu hlobo imisebenzi, kuhambisana amaqembu yangaphambilini imibuzo ikuvumela ukuba uthole amaphuzu 100 futhi kubonisa ezingeni lelisetulu imfundo lomuntu enquma KIMy. Kuyini, manje kuyacaca, eqinisweni, lo msebenzi elihlangene.

Inkinga enzima ye ukuhlolwa

sigxile kakhudlwana imisebenzi ye "C". Uma ezimbili zokuqala ukuhlonza ezingeni kumiswa amakhono anda ezingaba zemfundo uma izingxenye "A" futhi "B" kungenziwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa obuhlukahlukene, ukunikwa yokugcina ziphelele kokuhlaziywa eziyinkimbinkimbi kusho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwemibuzo kusebenza izitifiketi ompetha umsebenzi noma ukuqeqeshwa kwezinga eliphakeme. Lokhu kwenziwa ngengozi, sekhono unike amandla ngempumelelo hhayi umuntu ukuqonda isitatimende yenkinga futhi kanjani ukuyixazulula, oqondiswe inqubo yemfundo lonke. Ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi ukuthi kungaba kakhulu ngokujulile ukubona degree of ekukhuleni njengoba iziqu, futhi professional. Manje kusobala ukuthi kwamagoda okunjalo futhi KIMy imvelo yesimanje zemfundo?

DPA ubuchwepheshe

Manje cabanga inqubo ezidlulayo ukuhlolwa kokubili amazinga ngokuyinhloko DPA. Kuboshwe umfundi, kanjalo eqeda iminyaka engu-9 esikoleni, ekupheleni ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze kudlule ukuhlolwa ezimbili saziso kanye electives ambalwa. Ukuze ukuhlole neziphathimandla futhi izinhlaka zezemfundo ifomu amaphuzu ukuhlolwa (ngokuvamile ezikoleni ezimbalwa, okuyinto anamekwe bonke abafundi umasipala othize), lapho wonke umuntu ukuba eze ipasipoti pass. Ngemva kwalokho, bonke abafundi yahlakazeka izilaleli futhi unamathele ngamunye testotehnika amabili, khona-ke phambi kwabo bonke ababambe iqhaza zembula amaphakheji ne imisebenzi. Ngamunye wabo inikezwa inamba, ngokuhambisana esiqinile nenani kusishiya amamaki (lokhu kuchaza ukuthi inombolo KIM), ngenkathi kususwa kungenzeka ongakhetha esikhundleni. Endabeni ka ukugcwaliswa engafanele ikhava ishidi Kims umsebenzi ochithiwe Commission, ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile unikezwa iziyalezo ngaphambi ekuqaleni ukuhlolwa.

Tightening nezinqubo ezintsha ovivinyweni lokugcina

Muva nje, ngenxa kaningi ukwephula izinqubo ukuhlolwa kwezimiso ukulethwa abangu kancane some. Omunye emisha olusanda kwenziwa ukusakaza inthanethi ukuhlolwa, futhi lokhu kusebenza kokubili Gia kanye UKUSETSHENZISWA. Ukuhlolwa akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukusebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini kanye nezinye izindlela lobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka yikuphi ukwephula umfundi zisuswe ngaphandle ngakwesokudla ukuze uqhubeke ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kokugcina. nokuzitika Small avunyelwe maqondana ibanga lesishiyagalolunye, kodwa kulabo ukuqedela grade 11, basuke iqedwe ngokuphelele. ukuhlolwa ngamunye kuncike isilayo sinikelwe izinombolo ezihleliwe isikhathi, ngemva kwalokho ukusebenza kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi ithunyelwa kokunye ukuhlolwa. Ukumenyezelwa imiphumela ezivezwa kokuphela kwezinsuku eziyishumi kusukela ngosuku ikhalenda ye DPA noma ukuhlolwa. Uyakwazi futhi ukuthi inqubo yezikhalazo, okungathatha indawo uma ukungavumelani imiphumela yokugcina ukuhlolwa yomfundi.

Nquma ukhanda yabo yena

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni komuntu ngenxa yokuthi - kungcono ukuqeqeshwa. ezigabeni ezahlukene ukwenza kube lula ukubona ukuthambekela kanye izintandokazi zabantu ezahlukene ethile. Bancike kakade indlela ukuthuthukisa amakghono la kanye nemicabango bazibeka isevisi, futhi luhlolo yokugcina yokugwema amaphutha ecasulayo ekuqeqesheni yekwatisa impumelelo yomuntu yezinhloso. Umqondo oyinhloko noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa iyona engcono ukuhlaziywa kungenzeka yolwazi ukuze ukuwalungisa.

Sesihlole ngokuningiliziwe umsebenzi ngalo Kims, ukuthi kuyini, inqubo kanye ukuhlolwa izidingo. Manje ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi luhlolo kokugcina kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile empilweni zonke insizwa.