Izindlela yobuciko izincwadi: izinhlobo nezibonelo

Njengoba wazi, izwi lisisakhiwo kwanoma yiluphi ulimi, kanye ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu izindlela lakhe kwezobuciko. Ukuzisebenzisa kahle ulimi ngokuyinhloko inquma imiva yokukhuluma.

Esimeni semakhaya izwi - kuyinto ekhethekile emhlabeni, nesibuko bezibona kombhali kanye maqondana ngokoqobo. I temibhalo has ehilela ukunemba kwayo, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile iqiniso okuthiwa vulamehlo yabo kwezobuciko umongo engaphansi izici ulimi.

Umbono ngamanye kwezwe elisizungezile elisobala kulolu umbhalo ngosizo izitatimende ehilela. Phela, ubuciko - Ngokuyinhloko yokuzibeka yomuntu. Indwangu Literary Welukwa izingathekiso, ukudala amagagasi futhi abasebenza imizwa isithombe omuhle wobuciko. In amazwi kukhona amanani ezengeziwe, Umbala ekhethekile yesitayela ukudala uhlobo izwe ukuthi ukuthola ngokufunda umbhalo.

Akukhona nje ezincwadini kodwa futhi adluliselwa ngomlomo, Enkulumweni eyayivame sisebenzisa engacabanganga, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene Inkulumo kwezobuciko, ukunikeza abanye imizwelo, ukukholisa, asinazo izithombe. Ake sibone ukuthi yini amadivayisi kwezobuciko ku isiRashiya.

Ikakhulukazi kuyasiza ukwakha ukusetshenziswa ekhululekile kakhulu izingathekiso, ngakho ake ngiqale nabo.

sifanisongco

amasu yobuciko izincwadi ayikwazi wacabanga ngaphandle kokukhuluma ebaluleke kakhulu kubo - isingathekiso. Lena indlela ukwakha isithombe ezilimi zomhlaba ngesisekelo osuvele ngolimi yamanani.

Izinhlobo izingathekiso yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ngiphelile, ezigugile, ezomile noma zomlando (Iminsalo isikebhe, inaliti).
2. Isisho - ukumelana inhlanganisela okwenyanga amazwi ifa imizwelo, tifanisongco, reproducibility e izinkumbulo izikhulumi eziningi, expressivity (snap efile umbuthano avaliwe, njll ...).
3. Isingathekiso olulodwa (isib, inhliziyo abangenamakhaya).
4. Zenzeka (inhliziyo - "insimbi zobumba China e-yellow" - Nikolai Gumilyov).
5. izinkondlo Traditional (ekuseni wokuphila, umlilo lothando).
6. Ngamunye-umbhali (egandayiwe idolo).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi singathekiso kungaba kanyekanye allegory samuntu, i-hyperbola, uwuchaze, meiosis, litotes nezinye izindlela.

Igama elithi "Isingathekiso esithi" lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi "ukudlulisa". Kulokhu sisebenzelana ukudluliswa amagama kusukela Thobelanani. Lokho kungenzeka, kufanele ngempela abe ezinye ukufana, kufanele ahlobene kancane. Isingathekiso igama noma ibinzana isetshenziswa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso ngenxa yokufana imihlola ezimbili noma izinto ezithile ngezizathu.

Ngenxa yalokho lokudluliselwa ezifana isithombe wadala. Ngakho-ke, isingathekiso - yezindlela ovelele ukubonakaliswa kwezobuciko, inkulumo senkondlo. Nokho, ukungabikho lokhu indlela akusho ukungabi yokukhuluma umsebenzi.

Isingathekiso kungaba lula noma ukunwetshwa. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili savuka ukusetshenziswa atshalwa izinkondlo, kanye nesimo izinguquko ezilula kakhulu.

tiga tenkhulumo

Tiga tenkhulumo - ke ingenye izinhlobonhlobo nezingathekiso. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "Qamba kabusha", kukhona ke ukudluliselwa igama elilodwa into kwenye. Tiga tenkhulumo is esikhundleni ezinye amazwi ngesisekelo the adjacency ekhona ezimbili imiqondo, izinto, njalo njalo. D. Lokhu ukugqagqana ukubaluleka ngqo laptop. Ngokwesibonelo: "Ngidle izitsha ezimbili." Ukuxuba amagugu nokudluliselwa yabo kungenzeka ngoba izinto eduze, i-adjacency kungenzeka ngesikhathi, emkhathini, nokunye. D.

synecdoche

Synecdoche - uhlobo tiga tenkhulumo. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "ukuhlanganisa." Lokhu value ukudluliswa ophethe lapho, esikhundleni elikhulu ngokuthi okuncane, noma okuphambene nalokho; esikhundleni ingxenye - lonke, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo: "Ngokusho eMoscow."

epithet

amasu yobuciko izincwadi, uhlu esinakho manje simi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucabanga ngaphandle epithet. Lesi sibalo, imizila, definition kwemicabango yabo ibinzana noma izwi umuntu, into, into noma isenzo kuya subjective isikhundla lembhali.

NgesiGreki, le nkulumo isho ukuthi "isicelo, isicelo", okungukuthi, uma wethu, izwi elilodwa ophethe abanye.

I epithet inchazelo elula is zihlukaniswa lubonakaliswa kwezobuciko.

epithets njalo elisetshenziswa temdzabu njengendlela yokuthola ukuthayipha, kanye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu yokukhuluma wobuciko. Ngomqondo esiqinile ekucala kwethemu kute amathrekhi basonta kuphela ezifana wabo, ezithinta umsebenzi izwi ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, njengoba kuqhathaniswa okubizwa ngokuthi epithets ngqo zazo esashiwo amazwi ngomqondo ongokoqobo (ijikijolo elibomvu, izimbali ezinhle). Ingabe ezimise nge ukusetshenziswa kwamagama ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. epithets maKristu abizwa njengesifenqo. igama Metonymic ingase futhi kumelwe ibe isisekelo sokukholelwa kulo mzila.

Oxymoron - uhlobo epithet, okubizwa ngokuthi epithets okungafani, ukwakha lihambisana Ibizo malungana nabo ngalokho okushiwo amazwi (ngizonda uthando, ukudabuka kwenjabulo).

ukuqhathanisa

Ukuqhathanisa - izindlela lapho into eyodwa libhekene ngokusebenzisa ngokuziqhathanisa nomunye. Lokho ukuqhathanisa izinto ezahlukene ukufana ukuthi kokubili esobala ezingalindelekile, okude. Ngokuvamile uvezwe ngamagama athile:. "Unobulungisa," "njengo-," "ukubukeka" "like" ukuqhathanisa futhi kungathatha ifomu leli cala wezinsimbi.

ukuzenza ongeyena

Echaza amasu kwezobuciko izincwadi, kubalulekile ukusho nokuzenza ongeyena. Kuyinto uhlobo sifanisongco, emelela ukunikezwa kwemisebenzi kulowo izakhiwo ophilayo nezidalwa izinto bemvelo ezingaphili. Ngokuvamile it is adalwe ebhekisela izenzakalo ezifanayo bemvelo njengabantu bayazi. Kumuntfutisa nayo idluliselwe property izilwane womuntu.

Ihaba futhi litotes

Phawula la amasu yokukhuluma kwezobuciko e izincwadi njengoba bezifunda hyperbola futhi litotes.

Ihaba (ukuhumusha - "ukukhulisa") - yezindlela yokukhuluma yokukhuluma, kuyinto sibalo nge value of ihaba lokho kithi kusengozini.

Litotes (ukuhumusha - "lula") - okuphambene ihaba - kweswela ngokweqile kwakwenzekani (Tom Thumb, a ongumlimi nge uzipho).

Ukubhuqa, indida kanye namahlaya

Uyaqhubeka echaza izindlela kwezobuciko izincwadi. Thina umphelelisi uhlu lwethu ukubhuqa, indida kanye namahlaya.

• Ukubhuqa lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi "umsele inyama." Kuyisimanga, usini obhuqayo snide phawula. Uma usebenzisa ukubhuqa kudala nomphumela yamahlaya, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ngokusobala kokuhlaziywa ngemibono nangokomzwelo.
• Indida ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ungumkhohlisi", "ukuklolodelwa". Kwenzeka lapho amagama kusho into eyodwa futhi kwakusho okuhluke ngokuphelele, okuphambene.
• Amahlaya - yezindlela lucebe yokukhuluma, kusho "isimo", "Ubumnene". Esikhathini yamahlaya, ukhiye engokomfanekiso ingabhalwa imisebenzi ngezinye izikhathi yonke lapho kukhona ulimi-e-nabanomusa maqondana okuthile. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba "Intulo" A. P. Chehova, netinsimu eminingi I. A. Krylova.

Izindlela namasu kwezobuciko izincwadi abagcini lapho. Wethule ukunakwa yakho elandelayo.

Akunangqondo

Into ebaluleke kakhulu amasu kwezobuciko izincwadi zihlanganisa futhi elibi. Igama elithi "Akunangqondo" kusho "eyinkimbinkimbi", "yinqaba." Le nqubo kwezobuciko esingadala ukwephulwa wacondza imihlola, izinto, imicimbi, esivezwe umsebenzi. It is kabanzi ubuciko, isibonelo, Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Golovlevs", "Umlando Idolobha", inganekwane). Le nqubo kwezobuciko esekelwe kuyihaba. Nokho, ubukhulu bayo kakhulu kunalaba ihaba.

Ukubhuqa, indida, amahlaya kanye elibi - ethandwa izindlela kwezobuciko izincwadi. Izibonelo ezintathu zokuqala - izindaba A. P. Chehova noN N. Gogolya. J. lokusungula elibi. Swift (isib, "Travels Gulliver sika").

Kuyini i inqubo kwezobuciko esetshenziswa umbhali (Saltykov-Shchedrin) ukwakha inoveli "Golovlevs" isithombe noJuda na? Yiqiniso, elibi. Siphukuto kanye ukubhuqa zikhona izinkondlo Mayakovsky. Amahlaya egcwele umkhiqizo Zoschenko, Shukshina, Prutkov. Lezi zindlela kwezobuciko izincwadi, izibonelo esiye ocashunwe nje, njengoba ungabona, ngokuvamile kakhulu yasetshenziswa abalobi nabahlaziyi Russian.

Pun

Pun - isifenqo, okuyinto ambiguities ngamabomu noma okungalindelekile ezivukayo lapho elisetshenziswa umongo nezincazelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu noma ukufana umsindo wabo. zinhlobo Ezazimzungezile - paronomasia, etymologization zamanga, zeugma futhi esifakiwe.

I puns Pun esekelwe ipholisemi omabizwafane futhi ukwakheka kwemiqondo. Kulaba, kukhona amahlaya. Lezi zindlela kwezobuciko izincwadi ingatholakala imisebenzi uVladimir Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozmy Prutkova, A. P. Chehova.

A isifenqo - kuyini?

Igama elithi "sibalo" kusukela Latin lisho ukuthi "ukuvela, ijamo, image '. Leli gama linezincazelo nezincazelo eziningi. Yini libhekisela gama kanjengoba isetshenziswa ukuba nekhono lokukhuluma? izindlela Syntactic yokukhuluma, ebhekisela izibalo: enjabulo mphendvulo, imibuzo, ukwelashwa.

Siyini "umzila"?

"Uhlangene ngani wena shayela i inqubo kwezobuciko ukuthi lisebenzisa leli gama ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso?" - You buza. Igama elithi "imizila" ehlangana, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene: lo epithet, sifanisongco, tiga tenkhulumo, sifaniso, synecdoche, litotes, ihaba, kumuntfutisa, kanye nabanye. Esikhathini lihumusha igama "umzila" lisho ukuthi "ukuze ujike." Kusukela abavamile inkulumo yobuciko uyahluka ngokuthi usebenzisa umfutho ekhethekile kuhlobisa ke, okwenza kube bazwakale. izindlela ezahlukene inkulumo esetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izitayela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu umqondo "ekhululekile" inkulumo i art - ikhono umbhalo, omuhle wobuciko ukunikeza umthelela tebuciko nangokomzwelo umfundi, ukudala izithombe asankondlo izithombe ngokucace.

Sonke siphila ezweni imisindo. Ezinye zazo kusenze imizwelo eyakhayo, kuyilapho abanye ukukhathazeka, sethusa, sethusa, noma zivuse ubuthongo ezolile. Lalikhipha imisindo engefani ukukhiqiza izithombe ezahlukene. Esebenzisa inhlanganisela kungenziwa ngokomzwelo ezithinta ngazo abantu. Ukufunda imisebenzi yobuciko kwezincwadi Russian kanye zamasiko, siyaqonda kubo umsindo acute ikakhulukazi.

I amasu eziyisisekelo yokudala inkulumo umsindo

• Sifanamsindvo - ukuphindaphindwa ongwaqa efanayo noma ezifanayo.
• Sifanankhamisa - ukuphindaphinda ngenhloso unkamisa ngokuvumelana.

Ngokuvamile, sifanamsindvo, sifanankhamisa asetshenziswe imisebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lezi zindlela zihloselwe ukuba zivuse izinhlangano ezahlukene kuleli umfundi.

Ukwamukelwa zvukopisi e eqanjiwe

Zvukopis - yisu kwezobuciko ukusetshenziswa imisindo ethile ngendlela ethize ukudala umfanekiso othile, okungukuthi, kukhetfwa kwemagama ukuthi ukulingisa wangempela umsindo. Ukwemukelwa lokhu izincwadi ayesetshenziselwa izinkondlo namaprozi.

Zvukopisi izinhlobo:

1. Sifanankhamisa - lihunyushwe lisuselwa French kusho "ngokuvumelana." Sifanankhamisa kuyinto ukuphindaphinda unkamisa ezifanayo noma efanayo umsindo embhalweni ukwakha umfanekiso othile acoustic. Ukhuthaza Inkulumo yokukhuluma, isetshenziswa izimbongi isigqi, izinkondlo imvumelwano.
2. Sifanamsindvo - kusukela igama lesiGreki elithi "incwadi". Le nqubo kuyinto ukuphindaphinda ongwaqa embhalweni art ukwakha isithombe umsindo, ukuze wenze kube olusankondlo bazwakale.
3. Sifutamsindvo - ukudluliselwa amagama athile, umsindo okusikhumbuza imihlola zomhlaba, okuvelayo sokuzwa.

Lezi zindlela kwezobuciko emavesini zivamile kakhulu, ngaphandle kwenkulumo olusankondlo bekungeke kube omnandi kangaka.