Izenzo Human: izenzo ezinhle, isenzo nobuqhawe. Isiphi isenzo: essence

Mthetho - isenzo ethize, eshukunyiswa emhlabeni kwangaphakathi yomuntu, kwakhiwa ngaleso sikhathi. Izenzo kungaba ukuziphatha. They bophezela bedle umuzwa wesibopho, izinkolelo, imfundo, uthando, inzondo, uzwela. kukhona amaqhawe kuyo yonke imiphakathi. Kukhona uhlobo isikali lapho nezenzo zomuntu Kuhlolwa. Ngokusho kungenzeka ukunquma ukuthi lena isenzo hero, ezizosebenza njengesibonelo ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.

On nomqondo feat wacabanga zefilosofi ngaphezulu lasendulo. Ukuzindla ngale ndaba engakaze kokululama ongqondongqondo yesimanje. Zonke ukuphila komuntu neketanga okuqhubekayo yezenzo, isb. E. Izenzo. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi imicabango yomuntu nokuziphatha ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane ufuna abazali bakhe okuhle kuphela. Nokho, izenzo zabo ngokuvamile zibuhlungu. Ngokukhulu ukuzethemba singasho ukuthi kusukela isinyathelo lanamuhla incike ikusasa lethu. Ikakhulukazi, ukuphila kwethu konke.

Ukucinga uSocrates, injongo yokuphila

USocrates kwaba omunye abafuna kunazo asebenzayo we nencazelo yalesi umqondo. Yena wayezama ukuthola indlela ukuba isenzo real nobuqhawe. Kuyini ubuhle nobubi, indlela umuntu wenza ukukhetha - konke lokhu kwabajabulisa sefilosofi lasendulo. Yena ukungena emhlabeni engaphakathi ubuntu ethile, empeleni yayo. Ebengikufuna izenzo injongo ephakeme. Ngokubona kwakhe, kufanele zishukunyiswe amandla main - isihe.

Ngesisekelo ukuziphatha kuwumgomo ukuba bafunde ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Lapho umuntu uyakwazi ukuqonda imiqondo le, uyokwazi, ngokuvumelana uSocrates, njalo sibe nesibindi. Umuntu onjalo iyadingeka ukushaya isenzo nobuqhawe ngenhloso yekwentela. USocrates zibona zefilosofi abangu kuhloswe ngazo ukuthi kutholakale isisusa esinjalo, amandla, okuyinto ngeke kudingeke ukuqashelwa. Ngamanye amazwi, isazi sefilosofi elikushoyo ukuzazi, umuntu uyoba isisusa yangaphakathi, esikhundleni isiko lasendulo.

USocrates ngokumelene amaSophist

zefilosofi yokucabanga wazama ukuchaza okushiwo "isenzo" umqondo: kuyini? Ukugqugquzela ingxenye yesenzo sakhe - okuphambene isikhundla amaSophist owafundisa wakhe ukuthola izisusa ezifihliwe, ebanikeza isimo bayazi. Ngokusho Protagoras, owaphila sikhathi sinye ka uSocrates, injongo yokuphila komuntu, njengoba umuntu - lawa amazwi ecacile futhi kuphumelele ne ukwaneliseka sokugcina izifiso nezidingo.

AmaSophist babekholelwa ukuthi wonke isenzo ngesisusa sobugovu kuyadingeka ukuze bathethelele emehlweni izihlobo, kanye nabanye abantu, lapho Bayingxenye yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke imvelo kudingeka ziqiniseke usebenzisa Sufi ubuchwepheshe ukwakha inkulumo ukuthi iyalidinga. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana nsizwa, wathatha ukubukwa Sufi, akuzi nje ukwazi ngokwakho, kodwa futhi wabeka umgomo othile, uwufinyelele futhi afakazele ukuthi akanacala kukho konke izimo.

I "inkhulumomphendvulwano yokucabanga"

Nciphisa udoti emhlabeni. Uya ngenhla futhi ngokucabangela into efana isenzo. Kuyini, kuyini essence yayo? Yilokho efuna ukuqonda wayecabangisisa. Ubheka injongo yokuba khona komuntu, kusukela umzimba nobugovu. Ngakho, yathela kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi yezindlela uye wabizwa ngokuthi "inkhulumomphendvulwano yokucabanga". Lezi zindlela ziholela indoda ngendlela yokwazi iqiniso. interlocutor sefilosofi kuholela kuvisisa umqondo ngokujulile ngobudoda, ezinhle, ubuhle, ukulinganisela, nobuhle. Ngaphandle lezi zimfanelo yomuntu ayikwazi uzibheka indoda. Ubuhle - kwakheka umkhuba njalo funa ukwenza okuhle, nokuthi iyoba elihambisana nezenzo ezinhle.

Vice kanye yisandla

Okuphambene zobuhle kwento embi engiyenzayo. Lilolonga izenzo zomuntu, eqondisa ukuba okubi. Ukuze bezimisa lokuzithola, omunye kumelwe uzuze ulwazi futhi ukwahlulela. USocrates akazange aphike khona nezinjabulo empilweni. Kodwa waphika amandla abo ezibucayi phezu kwakhe. Ngesisekelo izenzo ezimbi kuyinto ukungazi, nokuziphatha zokuziphatha - ulwazi. Ocwaningweni yakhe, yena ihlaziye eziningi wezenzo zomuntu: yini yalo ukushayela force, umuzwa isisusa. I Umcabangi is sizikhandle elitholakala eduze kamuva ezinkolelweni zobuKristu kwakhiwa. Singasho ukuthi singene shí okushiwo umuntu womuntu, eqinisweni nomqondo inkululeko yokuzikhethela, olwazini, ekwahluleleni kanye imvelaphi yobubi.

umbono ka-Aristotle

USocrates, u-Aristotle ugxeke. Yena akaphiki ukubaluleka kolwazi ngabantu njalo ukwenza izenzo ezinhle. Uthi: izenzo bathonywa nogqozi. Ukuchaza iqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile umuntu kokuba ulwazi ukwenza okungalungile, njengoba ukuhlakanipha umuzwa owandile ke. Ngokusho Aristotle wathi umuntu akanakho ukuphatha phezu ngokwakhe. Futhi, ngokufanele, ngolwazi alicacisi izenzo zakhe. Ukuze wenze izenzo ezinhle, udinga ubunzima isikhundla engqondo lomuntu, kuyoba ngamakhasimende, abanye ababhekana nayo, aluthola lapho usosizini bese nijabula. Lokho usizi nenjabulo okungukuthi, ngokuvumelana-Aristotle, esilinganisweni nezenzo zomuntu. Eqondisayo amandla - intando, ezakhiwe inkululeko yomuntu yokuzikhethela okuyinto.

ukukala izenzo

Sethula nomqondo izenzo ngesilinganiso: bikho, ngokweqile futhi siyini phakathi kwazo. It is wenzani amaphethini lwabaphathi phakathi, uthi sefilosofi, indoda yenza isinqumo esifanele. Isibonelo izinyathelo ezinjalo lingafeza virility, okuyinto phakathi izimfanelo ezifana igwala nobudedengu isibindi. Wazisa izinyathelo ngokungenasizathu lapho umthombo lingaphakathi indoda ngokwayo, futhi okungalindelekile, baphoqwa yizimo zangaphandle. Uma ucabangela isenzo, okushiwo umqondo, indima ekuphileni kwebantfu kanye nomphakathi, ukwenza ezinye iziphetho. Singasho ukuthi ngezinga elithile bobabili sefilosofi kwesokudla. Babheka indoda kuhle kwayo okujulile kwangaphakathi, ukugwema izahlulelo olukha phezulu futhi befuna iqiniso.

buka Kant sika

A neqhaza tiyori, acoce nomqondo isenzo kanye nogqozi, owethulwa Kant. Uthi kumele wenze izinto ngendlela ukuze bakwazi ukusho, "Yenza njengoba mina ...." Ngakho Ugcizelela ukuthi okwamanje angabhekwa isenzo zokuziphatha, lapho nesisusa kuyinto khulula Ukushaywa zokuziphatha umphefumulo, njengomuntu tocsin. Izazi-mlando wefilosofi cabanga: nezenzo zomuntu, izisusa zabo zinqunywa Kant ngokuya okukhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, ebuka isimo kusukela indoda ominzayo, Kant uthi, Lapho ekhulula nomzali wengane yakho, lesi senzo ngeke zokuziphatha. Phela, it is nje isuke ibangelwa umqondo bayazithandela kwendlalifa yakhe siqu. isinyathelo Zokuziphatha kungaba icala uma umuntu silondoloza indoda ominzayo engaziwa kuye, eqondiswa lesi simiso: ". Ukuphila komuntu - okubaluleke kakhulu" Kukhona enye indlela. Uma isitha igciniwe, kungcono zokuziphatha isenzo kweqiniso nobuqhawe ikufanelekele ukuqashelwa eliphezulu. Esikhathini esizayo, imiqondo le Kant sashintsha futhi wahlanganisa nabo enjalo amaza womuntu, uthando nesibopho.

Ukuhlobana nomqondo isenzo

Umqondo nezenzo ezinhle ungayeki ukukhuluma namuhla. Kangaki, umphakathi ibona izenzo zokuziphatha zamadoda omkhulu, isisusa okwakukhona empeleni hhayi ukuba nezisusa ezinhle kuphela. Yini namuhla ubuqhawe, isibindi? Yiqiniso, ukuze ulondoloze umuntu noma isilwane ekufeni, ukondla abalambile ukudla, ukukhuza Ngembathisa abaswele. Isenzo wangempela wothando kungenziwa ngokuthi ngisho isenzo kakhulu elula: iseluleko umngane, uzakwabo usizo, shayela abazali. Humusha isalukazi ezingaphesheya komgwaqo, ukunikeza isipho abampofu, ayothatha ephepheni emgwaqeni - nasezenzweni zifakwe kulesi sigaba. Njengoba for ubuqhawe ke elisekelwe emhlatshelweni ezimpilweni zabo ngenxa yabanye. Lena ngokuyinhloko ukuvikelwa njengezitha zezwe lokhokho isitha, umsebenzi izicishamlilo, amaphoyisa, abatakuli. Hero bangaba ngisho ayengumuntu ofana nathi, uma ayeyithathile ephakathi komlilo lembuzi, neutralized isigebengu embozwe esifubeni isingezansi ibonwe obedlula ngendlela, ngubani okuhloswe umgqomo umshini.

Ngokusho odokotela bengqondo eziningi, ama-philosophers nezazi yobudala eyisikhombisa ingane akakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokugcwele phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Ngakho ngiyalincenga unembeza engenamsebenzi, ngenxa yokuthi leli gama ngoba liyindlu imingcele esilufifi kakhulu. Nokho, kusukela ngineminyaka eyisikhombisa - ubuntu bakheké ngokuphelele, okungaba uyaqaphela enze ukukhetha kwelinye direction noma kwenye. Izenzo izingane ngalesi sikhathi kumelwe uwahlanganise ngokuhlakanipha okubhekiswe abazali endaweni efanele.