KaPlato Academy e Florence kanye nomholi walo ngemibono

Akukhona sikhungo lesisemtsetfweni esisemthethweni futhi ungaboshwa isimo noma esontweni. KaPlato Academy e Florence - yokuzithandela emphakathini wabantu khulula, kwakhiwa abavela ezizindeni ezingafani, nge ubuchwepheshe ezahlukene ababevela ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuthi uthando ne Plato Neo-Platonism, Filosofia Perennis.

Lapha sasihlangana nabameleli okungokomoya (ababhishobhi, canons), futhi abantu wokuziphilisa izimbongi, futhi abadwebi nezazi abaklami nababusi zeriphabhuliki, futhi osomabhizinisi okuthiwa inkathi.

Academy kaPlato e Florence (isithombe eboniswe ngezansi) azenzile yobuzalwane ezithile enemisebenzi abantu abanamakhono, kamuva owaba abadumile. Lezi zihlanganisa: Marsilio Ficino, Cristoforo Landino, Andzhelo Politsiano, Mikelandzhelo Buanarotti, Pico de la Mirandola, Lorenzo le Ezinhle, Francesco Catania, Botticelli nabanye.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko siyakuya ngqo ngobuzalwane ubuhlakani, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "kaPlato Academy e Florence" (umholi - Ficino).

Preconditions sokudalwa yayo

Zifaka Umfutho imvuselelo iye uthuthuva isikhathi eside impela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imingcele yesikhashana kwenkathi kubhekwa XII -. The maphakathi nekhulu XVII, kodwa umvuthwandaba waso, Apotheosis Ukuwa phezu xv -XVI eminyaka. Isikhungo kwaba Italy, ngokunembile, Florence.

Ngaleso sikhathi wayenomkhuba kakhulu ngemuva umphakathi European namasiko. Yilapho-ke bevela eJalimane ukuze ukufunda yobuciko nesayensi. In Paris, emisha Florence ikhanga oprofesa eSorbonne, ebheka kubo cishe njengendlela "ivangeli entsha".

I indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa edolobheni esikhathini kokubuyekezwa, esichazwa R. Marseille. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuntuleka nemibandela ukuvuselelwa lolu hlobo ikuphi. It Florence - njengoba isikhungo zobuntu, ukugxila ukukhanya - kungenzeka ukuheha bonke abantu ngothi lwabo, umuntu umoya ingcebo. Bekuyindzawo lapho ubuthe imibhalo yesandla eyigugu kunawo wonke, lapho umuntu ayengathola khona ukuhlangabezana izazi ezivelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Florence ezikhonjwe kubo nomunye umdondoshiya art studio, lapho wonke umuntu kwenza ithalente etholakalayo.

Ngakho, akukho imibuzo ukuhlala ukuthi kungani ncamashi kaPlato Academy e Florence, ogama umholi - Ficino, wabonisa izwe wayeyisazi esiyingqayizivele, imisebenzi yakhe negalelo esingenakulinganiswa esiya ezihlukahlukene izindawo ezimpilweni zethu.

West-Athens

ngokuthi Florence Ngakho iqiniso lokuthi ngemva kokunqotshwa waseConstantinople ngu abaseTurkey zathuthelekela ukujula kwamasiko nezingokomoya zezwe lasendulo. Kusuka "stem ezingaqondakali" olulodwa lalibukeka mkhuba esiyingqayizivele emlandweni isiko e-Italy, nase-Europe, sisonke, ngokuthi "kaPlato Academy e Florence." Ficino - sefilosofi kaPlato - abaholwa yiwo. Enye igama Academy - "umndeni kaPlato," usho Nokho iDemo kwaba, kodwa ngempela izihlakaniphi nomlando wayo. Kuyaphawuleka aye amsiza lo ababusi odumile Florence - Kozimo Medichi nomzukulu wakhe Lorenzo.

A umlando omfushane "umndeni kaPlato"

KaPlato Academy e Florence yasungulwa ngo 1470 by Cosimo ngenhla. Ukuchuma isiqongo ngesikhathi sokubusa umzukulu wakhe Lorentso Medichi, ilungu ophumile. Naphezu izimbali emfushane Academy (iminyaka engu-10), uye kwakufanele nomthelela isiko kanye nomqondo Europe. KaPlato Academy e Florence, liphefumulelwe odumile ongqondongqondo, abaculi, ama-philosophers, ososayensi, izazi zezombangazwe, izimbongi nkathi yakhe. Kwakungelona nje indawo ebandleni ezingokomoya kakhulu, abanamakhono futhi abantu abahlakaniphile. Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kaPlato Academy e Florence - ubuzalwane abantu abanazo, umbandela yokuzihlanganisa okuyinto iphupho, ezweni elisha kangcono, indoda, esikhathini esizayo, uma singakubeka kanjalo, inkathi yokuchuma, a uyakufanelekela umzamo yokutakula. Abaningi ukuyibiza filosofirovaniem, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nendlela yawo yokuphila. Isimo ezithile ingqondo, umphefumulo ...

Academy kaPlato e Florence, umholi ngemibono zazo - Ficino, kwenza isimo esisha esingokomoya, sibonga ngalo zenzelwe, imodeli efakwe (umqondo), namanje obonwa imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo kwenkathi. Heritage kwesokunxele "umndeni kaPlato," mkhulu kakhulu. Academy kaPlato e Florence - ukusekela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inganekwane Yempucuko. Singasho ukuthi indaba yakhe - indaba iphupho elikhulu.

Academy kaPlato e Florence M. Ficino

Yena wayengumbulali isazi sefilosofi kanye isazi, isazi semfundiso yenkolo futhi sazi esivelele Yempucuko, okuyinto kwakufanele nomthelela phezu kwemvelo ifilosofi XVII - XVIII eminyaka.

Marsilio wabelethwa Florence (19.10.1433 g). Wafunda ulimi lwesiLatini futhi isiGreki, imithi, nefilosofi. Ekuqaleni waba nesithakazelo UPlato (esikoleni sakhe). Ukusekelwa Kozimo Medichi futhi owamlandela ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile e yokuthi Ficino wazinikela kuyinto ulwazi lwesayensi.

Ngo 1462 wabonwa njengoba umholi umcabango kaPlato Academy e Florence, futhi ngo-1473 waba umpristi, bekatsatsa izikhundla esontweni eziningana ezinegunya. Ukuphila kwayo kwadluliselwa kuphazamisekile e Careggi, eduze Florence (10/01/1499).

Ahlonishwe umsebenzi Ficino

Marsilio izinguqulo ongenakuqhathaniswa olimini lwesiLatini uPlato futhi Plotinus eyakhe. amaqoqo ngokuphelele eNtshonalanga Yurophu (eyanyatheliswa ngo 1484/1492 GG.) babe baningi ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVIII.

Wahumusha nezinye Neoplatonists ezifana Iamblichus, Porphyry, Proclus nabanye., I hermetic azibhala egumbini. Popular babe ehlaziya zakhe ezivelele ngemibhalo kaPlato futhi Plotinian, futhi omunye wabo (inkhulumomphendvulwano kaPlato enesihloko esithi "Idili") waba-yisisusa inqwaba izimpikiswano ezingapheli nganoma uthando phakathi ongqondongqondo, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi Yenguquko.

Ngokusho Marsilio, uPlato ibhekwa uthando njengoba ubuhlobo phakathi okuthiwa abambelele ebantwini, ikhona lapho busekelwe othandweni yayo yasekuqaleni kwangaphakathi ngoba iNkosi.

imfundiso ekhuthaza kaPlato we yokungafi komphefumulo

Lona umsebenzi omkhulu yefilosofi Ficino (1469-74 GG, Edition 1st -. 1482). Kuyinto indatshana elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo (elicwengisiswe), lapho nezimfundiso zikaPlato, abalandeli bakhe ethulwa ngokuhambisana emfundisweni ekhona yobuKristu. Lo msebenzi (vysokosistematicheskoe umkhiqizo kuyinto Italian Renaissance Platonism kubo bonke) kuletha yonke imigomo 5 aqavileyo, ahlanganisa:

• Nkulunkulu;
• zomoya zasezulwini;
• igxile umphefumulo okunengqondo;
• izinga;
• umzimba.

The main theme ye indatshana - ukungafi komphefumulo womuntu. Ficino babekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi umphefumulo wethu - lokucabanga, okuyinto Nokho, uphetha ngibhekile Nkulunkulu ngqo, ngenxa ezingavamile sifinyelele lo mgomo ngaphakathi kohlaka Umhlaba, empilweni yalo esizayo kufanele kuthathwe njengendlela postulate, lapho ifinyelela wo destination.

imisebenzi odumile Ficino enkolweni, imithi ngezinkanyezi

ukuthandwa Wide kwaba indatshana ezifana "incwadi yenkolo yobuKristu" (1474). Ukuxhumana Marsilio - linothile ngokomlando, umlandvomufi. Iningi izincwadi eqinisweni azibhala zefilosofi.

Uma sicabangela nezinye imisebenzi, okuyinto abazinikele imithi, ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa "Abathathu encwadini yokuphila" (1489). Marsilio Ficino - omunye ongqondongqondo ehola Yenguquko abasafufusa, abameleli ebalulekile Renaissance Platonism.

Umbono kaNkulunkulu ngesikhundla Ficino

Ngokusho Erwin Panofsky, isimiso sakhe liphakathi kuka scholasticism (uNkulunkulu njengombusi ebonisa yonke ezilinganiselwe) futhi le mibono zakamuva pantheistic (Nkulunkulu - ubunikazi emhlabeni okungenamkhawulo). Thanda Plotinus, uyiqonda ezingalungile iNkosi ezibiza ngokuthi Omunye elingaphimiseleki. Umbono wakhe lukaNkulunkulu lwehlela phansi lokho okuyintando yeNkosi iyunifomu, vseobrazen. Yena - Nokho, iqiniso liwukuthi, akuyona ukunyakaza lasekuqaleni.

Ngokusho Ficino, uNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba wethu, "wayezibheka 'ngoba ngaphakathi ke khona, ukucabanga, ukufisa - konke okufanayo. Lord - hhayi yonke, okuyinto ayinakho kwemingcele, ngakho elingapheli. Kodwa uNkulunkulu ngesikhathi esifanayo kulo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi okuligcwalisile, ngenkathi hhayi agcwele yena, ngoba uyisibonelo ukugcwala. Marsilio ubhala kwelinye mpendulwano yakhe.

Ficino: iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo 1480-90 GG. Marsilio kuyaqhubeka ukufunda "ifilosofi the zenzisa." Ilihumusha olimini lwesiLatini ubeke Plotinian "Ennead" (1484-90 GG., Owanyatheliswa ngo-1492), porfiriyskie imisebenzi, futhi Iamblichus, wase-Areyophagu, Proclus (1490-92 GG.), Futhi ezinye Psellos.

Ubonisa isithakazelo esinamandla endaweni ezifana kwezinkanyezi. Ngo 1489 Ficino ishicilela indatshana yezokwelapha futhi izinkanyezi ngokuthi "On Life", ngemva kwalokho ingxabano yokuphisa ngomfundisi ephakeme of the Catholic Church, ngokunembile, uPapa Innocent VIII wenza. Futhi Ukuvikelwa sina kuphela kulondoloza Ficino kusukela lapho emangalelwa ngokuvukela isonto.

Khona-ke ngo-1492 Marsilio ubhala indatshana enesihloko esithi "Mayelana ilanga nokukhanya" nayo ezishicilelwe e 1493, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo uqeda incazelo yaleli mpendulwano kaPlato. Yaphela empilweni lo "umndeni Platonovkoy" umholi ngoba amazwana imisebenzi "Roma" (Paul).

Academy kaPlato e Florence: Landino

Wayengumuntu uprofesa mpendulo. Ngisho ebusheni bakhe Cristoforo owayevelele emncintiswaneni olusankondlo (1441). Landino wayengumngane futhi umeluleki ukuze Ficino. Cristoforo neyaziwayo njengoba lokuqala umhlaziyi odumile Virgil, Dante, Horace. Ngokushesha wenza Velikogo Dante, sibonga kuye, izwe liyoba ukwazi elinye futhi iphupho (ukunakekelwa) Academy: izimilo le mbongi, ukwenza konke abantu bambona njengoba omunye izimbongi ongenakuqhathaniswa futhi geniuses, okufanelekelayo ukuba sibakhulekele ngendlela efanayo njengoba Virgil, nabanye abadali zezwe lasendulo.

Cristoforo ubhala uchungechunge lwezinkulumo ku kaPlato Academy, yingakho behlele izikhathi zethu.

Landino azibhala yayo evelele kuletha i umnikelo esingenakulinganiswa esiya nezindaba ezifana "isilinganiso ukuphila okumatasa ne ukuphila ucabangisisa" - ngowokuqala izimpikiswano ezinkulu ayematasa okuxoxwe yizazi zefilosofi Yenguquko.

Ekugcineni kuwufanele kokusho ukuthi evelele emphakathini-nomqondo Renaissance ukuthi kwadingidwa esihlokweni, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-kaPlato Academy e Florence (ngomcabango Umholi - Marsilio Ficino).