Kwamanyikwe ukhiqiza ezinye hormone?

Kwamanyikwe sakhiwe ezimbili: exocrine bangazihluphi 98% futhi umdlavuza pancreatic - ngesimo inclusions ezincane sonke ubuso bayo.

umnyango endocrine obangela uketshezi of esiswini juice nokulawula izinqubo ezenzeka ekusithekeni duodenum futhi wokugaya ukudla uketshezi enzyme ematisa.

I endocrine ingxenye unesibopho ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.

umsebenzi hormone

Kwamanyikwe amahomoni ezimbili - insulini kanye glucagon kuyinto. Inqubo ngokwenza glucagon abathintekayo-alpha sezitokisi, bese kuthi-insulini zinengxenye ukukhiqizwa beta-cells. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili amaseli ke iqukethe yensimbi kanye delta lamaseli ukukhiqiza somatostatin.

Yiziphi hormone ekhiqizwa amanyikwe

insulini womuntu lahlukaniswa izinhlobo: basal inkanuko yobulili.

uhlobo Basal ungachazwa ongena egazini ngaphandle kwesidingo. Isibonelo ngabodwa ingaba ukukhiqizwa insulin, lapho ukudla akusho iyangena emzimbeni, isb esiswini esingenalutho.

Amazinga igazi glucose - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 5.5 mmol / l, kuyilapho ezingeni insulin ukuba 69 mmol / L.

Agqugquzelwa zithembiso uhlobo okuthiwa ezivela ukudliwa kokudla kanye nokuhlinzekwa amino acid kanye glucose egazini. umsebenzi Secretory yalezi hormone okukhulunywe stimulyativnomu imiphumela yemithi akhiwa a sulfonylurea.

insulini ukushukuma Kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Short - le hormone ukufinyelela igazi.
• Slow - ukuthi Kuhlanganisa hormone.

Ngaphandle kwabo, kukhona nazo ezivezwa ezihlukahlukene izinto ezihlobene ehilelekile izinqubo wokugaya ukudla. Lolu hlu luveza ukuthi ama-enzyme ezivezwa kwamanyikwe:

• Izinto ukuthi isinyathelo amaprotheni - kuyinto trypsin, chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase A no-B, elastase, ribonuclease.
• Izinto uyakwazi carbohydrate eziswini: Amylase, invertase, maltose, ne-lactose.
• Izinto nesibopho sokudiliza amafutha. It cholinesterase futhi lipase.

Esimweni lapho kwamanyikwe asisho ukukhiqiza yimuphi enzyme samanje, noma ukwehluleka kwenzeka fermentopathy ezihlobene nesifo concomitant.

Iqhaza lama-hormone

Iqhaza kwamanyikwe e ukukhiqizwa insulin kanye glucagon iwukuba ulungise ama-carbohydrate lipid umzimba, kanye nethonya on ukuhanjiswa glucose kusukela oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi ku nezicubu.

umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu synthesize lipokaina okuyinto uthela umsebenzi ukuvimba ukonakala lamaseli isibindi.

Endabeni ukushoda ezibucayi lapho kwamanyikwe ukhiqiza anenombolo enganele compounds ezinjalo, ukwehluleka hormone kuthoma ngesikhathi operation izinqubo i umzimba, okuyinto ebangele ngenxa hhayi ngazuza kuphela, kodwa kombungu esizalweni.

Lapho kwamanyikwe ukhiqiza enganele insulini i-hormone lemali kwenzeka isifo - sikashukela. Ngo kakhulu glucagon ngokweqile kwandisa okuqukethwe insulini futhi yehlise igazi ushukela lokuhlushwa amaseli, nakho kwandisa umthamo epinephrine. Khona-ke kukhona kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela - ukwehla ikhono amaseli isibindi ngokucubungula glucose.

Ukungabikho noma weqise ukushoda somatostatin kuholela ukwephula izinqubo ezihlukahlukene umsebenzi umzimba ephula kokusele izinqubo umzimba.

Kangakanani-insulin

On onjani hormone ekhiqizwa amanyikwe, ezakhiwe Ukuvivinya fat umzimba wonke umzimba.

Ngaphambi kumiswa insulini, kuyilapho zamagama alo beta-cell a proinsulin izidakamizwa. Ngu uqobo akusiyo i-hormone. Inqubo ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ngaphansi isenzo Golgi yayo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukutholakala compounds ekhethekile enzymatic. Ngemva inqubo ukuguqulwa yayo ku isakhiwo cell uzoguqula insulin. Khona-ke kukhona kabusha ukumuncwa emuva kwakhe, lapho granulated nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi isitoreji, lapho uzobe ukubuyiswa nasesimweni esiphuthumayo lapho ekuhambiseni amasignali umzimba.

Lolu hlelo kucushwa uma ileveli ushukela egazini uma amaseli ezikhishwe insulini egcinwe neutralization yayo nokucubungula efanele ukuze glycogen, okwandisa lokuhlushwa yayo kumaseli sesibindi esingelapheki kubantu abangamaphesenti nezicubu imisipha, njengoba umphakeli yamandla ezikhungweni zokuphehla wonke umzimba. Ngenxa imiphumela insulin, amazinga-plasma-glucose kungenzeka qhutshwa ngokushesha emuva evamile.

Lapho eveza imingcele okuqukethwe eliphezulu esikhathini igazi kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba umelana ukukhululwa kabi anda hormone oluhlanganisa ukuba ukungakwazi receptor obhekene carbohydrate umzimba, aqaphele futhi kuqedwe ngale ngozi. Ngenxa yalokho, uqala ube nesifo okuthiwa sikashukela. Imiphumela yokuthi ama-carbohydrate kuthiwa udle, kungukuthi kusetshenzwe futhi ayikwazi kugaywe, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubonisa amazinga aphezulu ushukela egazini.

Izimpawu lezi zifo ngaphandle kokugqoka ngokweqile ukoma assays ukuthi elihlobene ne ikhono glucose ukuncela umswakama. Ngakho, hhayi neutralized egazini, kudala ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Yini enquma ukukhululwa kwe-insulini

Kwamanyikwe ukhiqiza enzyme hormone, ngempela kungabonakali uzizwa izinguquko kancane e kashukela. Ngenxa yalokhu, futhi leyo izimpawu emzimbeni ukuze uqale kumiswa amanani anda insulin, noma isidingo ukwehlisa futhi lithumele kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe.

Esimeni sikashukela, zesiqhingi we nezindlala endocrine nezinguquko futhi abahluphayo nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufanele uhlu imikhiqizo contraindicated ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu ushukela, okuyinto umzimba akakwazi ukubhekana. It namakhekhe namaswidi, uju, ukudla ama-carbohydrate, futhi ushukela njengoba injalo emsulwa. Kuvele overabundance ushukela egazini kuholela ekukhathaleni kakhulu we-beta amaseli obhekene insulini zamagama, futhi lingaholela ekufeni ngokuphelele.

glucagon

Kwamanyikwe ukhiqiza glucagon kumaseli-alpha. mucosa emathunjini interaglyukogon ukukhiqiza ama-hormone, nalo adrenaline synergist. Lokhu i-hormone pancreatic obhekene ukugeleza ukulawula lipolysis kanye velocity yayo, futhi liyithinta ngokuqondile ku glycogenolysis hepatic.

I main Umsebenzi kubalulekile kwamanyikwe emzimbeni womuntu Ukukhetha hormone ahlukahlukene ekhuthaza ukugaya kanye ukumuncwa kwayo.