Utamatisi nezinhlobonhlobo for Leningrad esifundeni. Utamatisi nezinhlobonhlobo for zokugcina izithombo ekhanyayo

Notamatisi isikhathi eside futhi babe yingxenye ekudleni umuntu ovamile. Fresh ngenkathi, okusemathinini noma zifakwe emanzini anosawoti ebusika, abasaphili eside kusukela iyisibiliboco ayitholakali. Basuke isikhule yonke indawo, in zokugcina futhi ekhanyayo ezihlukahlukene esishintshashintshayo zezulu. Utamatisi nezinhlobonhlobo for esifundeni Leningrad zoned ngokuqondile i-North-West esifundeni Russia.

nokuklanywa

Wona kanye umqondo welithi nokuklanywa zezitshalo akazange ukuphuma ndawo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ochwepheshe baye bazama ukuletha izinhlobo endawni ezimweni ezithile zezulu.

Ukuze wenze lokhu ezindaweni eziqokiwe (ezifana Leningrad esifundeni) watshala izinhlobo eziningana futhi nzalo utamatisi okufanayo. Izitshalo kulinganiselwa hoxa, earliness, ukunambitheka, recyclability, ukumelana nezifo. Futhi kubandakanya izinkomba kwezomnotho kanye senani ukukhiqizwa ngamunye.

Ngemva kokuhlaziya yonke idatha, noma ezihlukahlukene hybrid, waqaphela njengoba the best in zonke izinkomba, evunywe State Commission for Okunhlobonhlobo Ukuhlola futhi watusa ukulima Leningrad esifundeni.

Lona umsebenzi eside futhi kukhathaza. Ngesikhathi sigaba esilandelayo umsebenzi sikhule eyanele imbewu utamatisi for Leningrad esifundeni. Futhi ukunikeza zokutshala impahla kumele hhayi kuphela umnotho ezinkulu, kodwa futhi ibutho elikhulu balimi.

izinhlobonhlobo Kunconywa Leningrad esifundeni

Phakathi neminyaka engu-zokuhlolwa kanye nesipiliyoni izinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo ka utamatisi likhishwa. Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu insimu kanye okuxubile izimo zezulu ziyabhekelelwa ngisho entshonalanga futhi esifundeni esisempumalanga zone. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivamile utamatisi for Leningrad esifundeni sicabangela indlela ekhula:

• ekhanyayo, "le yemifino 1185";
• Zokugcina: "Leningrad kom";
• icwecwe ifilimu zokukhosela, "iNeva";
• zokugcina "compactor gribovsky 1180".

Kukhona ngezigaba utamatisi yi-indlela ukusetshenziswa, umbala kanye nohlobo izithelo esihlahleni:

• ukongiwa kwemvelo, "impumulo", "umunwe", "Shuttle";
• ukusetshenziswa fresh, "sivale indlela engena emgedeni", "cameo", "grand", "Gnome", "gay", "Oak";
• ulethisi izinhlobo, "gourmet", "khono le-lotus", "Ilya Muromets", "Malinka", "Dawn F1»;
• utamatisi, orange: "Rosinka", "Enchantress";
• zakuqala-ukukhula Stam: ". Argo" "Eugene", "umunwe", "Shuttle",

Izici sezulu

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Leningrad esifundeni sinokuhlasela ezithambile kuwo womabili ihlobo nobusika. Inconstancy sezulu - sici zako ezisemqoka. Isimo sezulu Ungashintsha kakhulu ngosuku ukukhanya ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi - on sky bright libalele phambi imvula enkulu. Lapha ungakwazi ukwengeza futhi imimoya njalo aqinile isici kule ndawo.

Kungumshikashika omubi esikhundleni kuyinkimbinkimbi - ukuletha izinhlobo eqinile utamatisi e Leningrad Oblast, buthule ethwele ushintsho abukhali sezulu, umswakama, izinga lokushisa, futhi kungaba ukumelana nokuhlasela emoyeni. Abazalanisi ziye zaphumelela ukuphila umsebenzi futhi waletha nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo kutshalwa ngempumelelo esifundeni.

ubunjiniyela yezolimo

Utamatisi - ukukhanya-onothando izitshalo, kufanele itshalwe ohlangothini libalele. Kuyadingeka ophanayo ukuthambisa (utamatisi 90% amanzi), futhi ukukwenza kangcono ntambama.

Qala ukondla ngendlela efanele usaqala, bese wenza ikhefu ngaphambi kumiswa amaqanda. Kuvele overabundance nitrogen Umanyolo engabambezela ukukhula plant.

Ukuze ngempumelelo iphutha pollination inqubo, kudingeka ngobumnene nithintithe isitshalo by stem. Le nqubo kufanele liphindwe izikhathi 3-4 ngesonto ekuseni.

Izinsuku imbewu ayihlwanyelayo

imbewu Utamatisi for kokuhlwanyela Leningrad esifundeni ngesikhathi ngokuqinile echaziwe. Ukuze abale kahle kubo, udinga ukuthatha ngokwesilinganiso transplanting isikhathi kule abamba ukushisa bese uthatha kude kuye, ngokumane nje izinombolo, yobudala elikhulu izithombo bese wengeza ukuhluma eside.

izinhlobonhlobo Early abatshalwé abamba ukushisa Juni 1 eneminyaka engu-izithombo ezingu-50, ukuhlwanyelwa ultra-fast kuze April 15, ngasekupheleni itshalwe kuka Mashi 10, Kunconywa yisithombo yobudala ukuze izinsuku 70. Uma sikhuluma utamatisi ukuze ekhanyayo: izinhlobo kutshalwe phansi nge 1st kuya 5 Ephreli.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inhlabathi kumele kulungele kumuntu ka kokwehla okungenani 10 ° ^C. Ezindaweni esenyakatho isikhathi esifundeni lokubikezela ukujula elivulela ngolunye usuku, igebe esiphakathi 7 kuya ku-12 izinsuku. Kulezi zindawo, abantu kunesithwathwa kungenzeka ngesonto lokuqala Juni.

Inhlabathi nalo libalulekile. Sandy kulungele isheshe futhi lishonile kunesikhumba loamy.

Izinsuku ukuvuna

Ukuqhubeka utamatisi ripens phezu izihlahlana, kulapho ukunambitheka kwako. Ripeness kungaba azimisele ukuhlala hhayi nje endaweni iso (e-degree of ububomvu), kodwa futhi uma uyithinta.

izinhlobonhlobo Khishiwe utamatisi for Leningrad esifundeni isuswe lapho kuqala kubanda, lapho utamatisi kunciphe futhi uvuthwe. Cishe lena ekupheleni kuka-August. Kodwa isimo sezulu njalo kwenza izinguquko zalo siqu, futhi unyaka nonyaka akudingekile. Okugcwele izindlu utamatisi kuhilela ukumba inhlabathi in zokugcina, izingadi zemifino, nokuqedwa izimila izinsalela. kangcono yayo ukuba ashise ukuze ugweme ukusabalala okungenzeka izifo utamatisi.

"Agatha"

Izinhlobonhlobo "Agatha" utamatisi uyilungu leqembu utamatisi zakuqala-yokuvuthwa. Kusukela ukuhluma kuya ekuqaleni fruiting senzeka ngezinsuku 105. ezihlukahlukene Anhlobonhlobo ekhula kahle futhi kufakazela izithelo in zokugcina futhi ekhanyayo. Izitshalo musa Stam, ukuphakama ehlathini - kuze kufinyelele 45 cm, okuyinto ebalulekile imimoya ephezulu.

utamatisi yokuvuthwa kuyabasiza ukugwema okulimaza sekwephuzile, okuyinto ukungenwa ezihlukahlukene. ukuvunwa Early Kwenziwa ngaphambi ukusabalala mass lesi sifo.

Per imitha square etshalwe 4 izitshalo, badinga ukuthambisa njalo, kangcono ngamanzi afudumele. Umhlabathi, zalisa izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi yokukhula.

Incazelo utamatisi: izithelo ploskookrugloy ifomu enesisindo 80 amagremu ngokwesilinganiso, ne wokuqukethwe lelisetulu ndaba owomileyo ube yiziphethu umbala obomvu, ukunambitheka ezimnandi amnandi, overripe futhi ngeke inqamuke. Nothile Kuveza umuntu ehlathini lingafika ku 4 kg. Ngezinye ibhulashi uvuthwe izithelo ukuze 6.

Izithelo ukubekezelela zokuhamba kahle. Sebenzisa utamatisi for amalungiselelo ebusika, ukuwafaka.

yesondlo Easy nekghono eliphezulu ukwenza ezihlukahlukene "Agatha" ekhangayo abalimayo amateur.

"Ballad"

Utamatisi "Ballad" - ezihlukahlukene maphakathi-zakuqala. Kusukela ukuvela lokuqala izitshalo ngaphambi yokuvuthwa isifika eziyi-120. Isetshenziselwa kokutshala ekhanyayo, kodwa zingatshalwa zokugcina. Ukuphakama compact ehlathini ifinyelela 50 cm ngalinye imitha square ngokwesilinganiso 8 izitshalo batshala.

fetus round ukuma, zinesisindo esingaba 180 amagremu, Umbala - abomvu amnyama. Ukunambitheka izithelo ezinoshukela, ke ngokuphelele efanelekayo ukwenziwa utamatisi unama nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi utamatisi juice. Ezithela of amathani ngayinye ehektheleni 1 kufika ku-80. Ukuhlunga izinzuzo zihlanganisa yokuvuthwa cishe kanyekanye.

Izinhlobonhlobo kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela: esifike kuniselwa, tillage umhlabathi, inhlabathi Umanyolo in zokugcina - umoya omncane njalo (air kumele kube ezomile).

Isici ehlukile - ukumelana okulimaza sekwephuzile, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, bola apical. It liyakuthethelela ukuphatha walondoloza ngokuphelele eside.

"Ukugcwaliswa White"

Olunye uhlobo ethandwa - Utamatisi "ukugcwaliswa White". Izibuyekezo abatshali ezifundeni eziningana Ukraine, eRussia, Moldova, Kazakhstan kuqinisekisa idumela lalo njengenhlangano linesizotha futhi nabo bayakwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle cishe kunoma yimiphi imibandela.

umbundu High ngenyanga kungenzeka ikhule ngo-Leningrad Region endle. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene ekuseni ukukhula, ukutshala ukuze kuqale yokuvuthwa izinsuku ezingu-100 nje kuphela. Per imitha square itshalwe izitshalo 9. Ukuphakama ehlathini 50 cm. Ukunakekela kunciphisa ziba ngcono inhlabathi, Ukukhipha, ukuchelela (amanzi afudumele) kanye nokuncelisa.

Isithelo, kancane ribbed laphetha, kuze 140 amagremu ngesisindo, obomvu, amelana ngokuhlaziya, enhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa fresh and salads. Ezithela of-9 kg komunye ehlathini, okuyinto Yiqiniso, kwenza utamatisi ethandwa "ukugcwaliswa White". Izibuyekezo isithelo ngokwawo ezithophayo kakhulu. Esinamanzi, elinambitheka sashukela, zingabantu ezifanele ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ngokuqondile kusukela ingadi, kodwa futhi lokulondolozwa futhi ngosawoti.

Chorus yokuvuthwa kusiza ukuvimbela ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yemilayezo Phytophthora. nezikhathi yokuvuthwa, ukunambitheka omuhle izithelo izinga nokuzabalazela abandayo nomoya Early wenze lokhu uhlobo ekhangayo ngoba ezikhulayo Leningrad esifundeni.

Utamatisi "gin"

Incazelo ezihlukahlukene ungaqala neqiniso lokuthi it libhekene umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu - 10 kg ngamunye imitha square. It zingatshalwa ngaphansi ikhava noma ekhanyayo. Early ukukhula ezihlukahlukene - kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-110 kusukela ukuhluma kuya sokukhulelwa kuqala. Ukuphakama ehlathini - ngamasentimitha 60 per imitha square ku 4 izingcezu itshalwe zezitshalo ezifana utamatisi "Gina".

Incazelo umbungu

Isisindo - 280 amagremu, umbala - obomvu, ifomu - ploskookrugloy. izimfanelo Nambithani ziphezulu: namanzi, esinamanzi, elimnandi. Ukuvumelana ephelele kuqinisekiswa fetus okusezingeni eliphezulu ezomile ndaba okuqukethwe. Perfect ukusetshenziswa fresh kanye nokongiwa ekuseni. ikhasi Ngesandla Esiqinile ivumela isikhathi eside ukugcina notamatisi.

Ukuze kutholwe isivuno esihle futhi ekuqaleni kuka Kunconywa ukuba athambise umhlabathi, Ukukhipha, ukuchelela ngamanzi afudumele (okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngeveke) kanye ukuchitha yokudla. Izinhlobonhlobo linamandla ezifweni ezifana Ukuswaba, Verticillium ukubuna.

"Yamal"

Utamatisi sesitshalo "Yamal" kom kakhulu. Nokuvuthwa senzeka izinsuku 85 futhi kungenzeka kuze kube frost kuqala. Omunye izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu abalimi ezisenyakatho. Kungcono sikhule utamatisi in zokugcina.

Izithelo une-Isisindo esivamile 100 g laphetha, bushelelezi, obomvu. Ngo utamatisi ukunambitheka esimnandi. Utamatisi kukhona jikelele lisetshenziswa, efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa fresh futhi njengoba izikhala ebusika.

ezihlukahlukene Undemanding, amelana sezulu esibi kanye nokuntuleka kwelanga. Usayizi ehlathini elincane -. 50 cm ngalinye imitha square kungenziwa itshalwe ezihlabayo 7-9. Ukukhiqiza uphakeme - kuze kufinyelele 20 kg 1 m ^2.

Ukuze utamatisi kudingeka yesondlo little, efaka umquba umquba amaminerali, Ukukhipha, ayakhala, hoeing. Unpretentiousness "yamal", i-main isifo ukumelana, isivuno ukuzinza, palatability eliphezulu, ukumelana layo ukuze uma isimo sezulu sisibi ukwenza kube i choice omuhle Wabasaqalayo balimi.

"U-Amber"

Utamatisi "amber" - ekuqaleni ukukhula ezihlukahlukene utamatisi. Phansi (35 cm ukuphakama kuphela), sezihlahla kukhona efanelekayo okhulayo hhayi kuphela ezindaweni suburban endle, kodwa futhi phezu balcony ye emafulethini. On sezihlahla uvuthwe yokuqala utamatisi ophuzi.

Kusukela amahlumela zokuqala ngaphambi izithelo zokuqala ezivuthiwe ukhuphuka izinsuku 100 kuya. Uyabakhathalela evamile, abanye izinhlobonhlobo utamatisi: Ukuhlakula ukhula, ukuthambisa, efaka umquba, hoeing. Per imitha square itshalwe izitshalo 9.

Utamatisi isisindo kuya 55 amagremu, ububanzi - 2.5-3 cm, ukuma eyindilinga, abushelelezi, noma segolide ophuzi. Izithelo uvuthwe cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ezithela of kufike ku-6 kg 1 m ^2. Sinenkosi ukunambitheka omuhle. Zingasetshenziswa fresh futhi kwemvelo. utamatisi Yellow ngeke ukuhlobisa etafuleni lakho.

Izinhlobonhlobo olumelana sezulu izimo ezingezinhle, macrosporiosis futhi Phytophthora. Izici ezikhethekile lokuhoxa zihlanganisa nokugcina nomswakama ongaphakeme (bazithela ngamanzi afudumele kuphela ngemva kokushona kwelanga), hoeing futhi Ukukhipha inhlabathi edingekayo ngesikhathi kwezimila. Utamatisi "amber" Kunconywa ukulima imfundamakhwela balimi amateur.

Uzokhetha izinhlobo incike izinga nobungako bezithelo sokuvuna, ukucutshungulwa kwayo okufika ngesikhathi noma ukulondolozwa eside. Umhlahlandlela notamatisi isabelo: ukusetshenziswa fresh, utamatisi nalutho ebusika, ikhono ukuze uthumele izithelo zokuhamba ukumelana nezimo isitoreji isikhathi eside, njll ...

Regionalized utamatisi izinhlobo kuthiwa Lifanele ukulima zokuzamazama ezithile zezulu. Lokhu izinhlobo ukushiyana kwezidalwa kusiza abalimi ukuba nenze izinqumo ezifanele futhi ukunikeza isivuno uzinze utamatisi kunoma iyiphi esifundeni Leningrad esifundeni.