Uyini priori

Yini "priori"? Leli gama zefilosofi kokuba ukubaluleka elanele womuntu cognition theory. It ichaza ulwazi, ezimele zonke isipiliyoni, esivela ukwazi ekuqaleni. Okungukuthi, ukuzimisela priori lweqiniso akuyona izuzwe empirically nangokukhalipha-intuitively, kuzinga umphefumulo.

izichazamazwi abahlukahlukene encyclopedia unikeze ulwazi kukhona ulwazi posteriori, okuyinto ngokuphelele okuphambene ukuba siyicabangele. Umqondo "yini priori", zase zaziwa ngaleso Aristotle. Ulwazi ngezinto kusuka target yabo yezizathu - it is a ulwazi priori, okusho ukwazi izimfanelo uzibophezele senzo.

I lisho ukuthini igama elithi "i-priori" kushintshiwe ngu Leibniz. Wasikisela ukuthi ulwazi izinto kuqedile kuphela uma antante isizathu ephakeme. Le miphumela Leibniz wabiza "amaqiniso okuphakade." Ngemva kwalokho, okushiwo "a priori" akhiwa ulwazi zokucabangela futhi kuyabonakala, ngaphandle preconditions.

Isayensi-German ngumqondo owethulwa Wolf, nge wokufaka kwalo kamuva eyabizwa esetshenziswa Kant. Esethulweni umsebenzi Kant sika "Critique Okucabanga Okumsulwa," kusho i intelligence kanye nemvelaphi yawo ebalulekile. Isazi sefilosofi omkhulu wabhala ukuthi lonke ulwazi lwethu ngokugcwele uqale isipiliyoni kanye ukuze babe laye. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izinto esivusa abantu uhlobo umsebenzi sangaphakathi befuna iqiniso, ngaleyo ndlela lingamlimazanga Ukwanelisa inkanuko yethu. Ukulandela okushiwo ngenhla, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ngisho ulwazi esizuzwe ngamanga isipiliyoni, ngokuvamile yakhiwa konke ziqondakala indoda ngokusebenzisa izimfanelo ezingokomoya. Ikhono lethu ezemfundo, okuyinto eyenga umqondo okuvelayo kuphela, kuphakamisa iyiphi biko.

Njengoba ucwaningo lokuhlola futhi bengenakho okuhlangenwe nakho, kuba umphumela ikhono womuntu ukubonisa ulwazi umsebenzi. Ukwazi nje ukuthi "a priori" futhi ibonisa ngokuyinhloko Kant. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo kuyothiwa primordial kuphela ngokwazi ukuthi azikwazi ukuncika noma yimuphi umuzwa wonkana. Ngenxa yalokho, isazi sefilosofi ihlukanisa ulwazi "a priori okumsulwa". Labo lapho aliveli lutho enokwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banetincwadzi, jikelele. Lezi zihlanganisa amaqembu Kant, ulwazi lwesayensi. ukulungiselela wabo, ngokombono wakhe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba injongo eyinhloko cognition womuntu. Lokhu aggregate kuhlanganisa imithetho ehlukahlukene, izimiso, ubunzima, njll

Ngakho, lokho okushiwo yinkulumo Kantian a priori kwaba igcizelelwa iqiniso elilodwa. Ngokusho umuntu ngamunye iqala inqubo ulwazi, kusengaphambili has amafomu akhona kakade, unikezwa umlingisi ekahle oyifunayo. Kant wacabangisisa isikhathi eside mayelana kahle ukuthi "a priori" futhi cishe wonke theory iyonke. Ngenxa yalokho, it usunike 4 ifomu, okuyinto ungakwazi yahlukanisa leli elithi: imikhakha ubuningi, izinga, modality kanye nobudlelwane.

Encyclopedia, Dictionary ukuhumusha "a priori" ngokuthi "ulwazi okungukuthi ukwazi immanent inikezwe ukuzwa futhi akuxhomekile kulo." lezo zinhlobo ukuqonda kanye nokuzwela ukusiza lula ulwazi kunezinxushunxushu ezitholakala isipiliyoni imizwa yomuntu.