I iCaspian Sea, umlando kanye netimphawu

OLwandle iCaspian ingenye amachibi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi kungekho wawungaphansi endaweni yoLwandle Olumnyama. ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emakhilomitha ugu lwayo itholakala ensimini ka-Russia, washiya izinkulungwane amakhilomitha ngokweqashiso, phakathi republic ezinhlanu Asian. I engavamile yoLwandle iCaspian wukuthi, naphezu usayizi umxhwele (endaweni ebusweni 371 sq. Km), asikwazi babelwe kolwandle ngokugcwele, njengoba singasebenzi okukhipha kunoma ulwandle. ICaspian Sea ukujula luyehluka kuye nesimo sendawo olwandle. Le ngxenye ejulile thereof is engxenyeni eseningizimu kukholamu amanzi kulezi zindawo ifinyelela 1025 amamitha.

Futhi manje kancane yomlando.

Ngokokuqala ngqá yoLwandle iCaspian kuyakhulunywa zezazi isiGreki sasendulo saseRoma. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili BC eningizimu-asempumalanga futhi ephakathi ingxenye yesimanje South eCaucasus owakhiwe ngezizwe Caspians, kusukela okuyilokho, eqinisweni, wanika igama layo echibini-ulwandle. Esikhathini yokuqala yeminyaka BC. e. izwe elizungezile ukuthi ukunyakaziswa yizimpi amaningi ezizwe, okwaphumela yoLwandle iCaspian Basunduzelwé aphume endaweni yabo evamile olwandle ogwini efanayo. Kwakuthinta ngaleso sikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi iCaspian. Umlando wabantu lasendulo zokufika kokuphela iCaspian Sea coast izizwe Caucasian Albania 2nd ekhulwini BC Namuhla, i-ngempucuko yasendulo cishe zazifile iyiphi idatha kanzima. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, ezingwini esenyakatho echibini, kolwandle lalihlala Kubantu abayimizulane, ikakhulukazi Hazaras, alwayo nezikhulu Russian. Umuzi wawo oyinhloko Itil lalisenyakatho soMfula iVolga. Hhayi indima sokugcina eyadlalwa yoLwandle iCaspian kuzinqubomgomo angaphandle kwezomnotho kanye zohwebo Rus sidilizwa. Ngalo ran wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu yezohwebo zokuphuma Uzbekistan, aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Black iziLwandle. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka impucuko womuntu ogwini kolwandle, ke ngokuphindiwe yashintsha igama layo. OLwandle iCaspian yayibizwa ngokuthi Khazar, Khvalynsk, Hirkan.

Inchazelo lokuqala yoLwandle iCaspian njengoba behlukene zonke izilwandle kwesigubhu unika emibhalweni yakhe, isazi-mlando esingumGreki uHerodotus. Owaphila ekhulwini leminyaka kamuva, u-Aristotle baqhubeka umsebenzi usosayensi, futhi kuphela baqinisekisa umbono wakhe. Lolu cwaningo yoLwandle iCaspian ehlangene amagama ososayensi abaningi owaziwa futhi abahambi abadumile. Uma ku Ugu baye bavakashela ngesiGreki sezinkanyezi uPtolemy, Italian-Marco Polo, a Russian isikhulu inkathi sikaPeter Omkhulu, u-Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassy.

Beka indawo iCaspian Sea athakazelisa ngokukhethekile ngoba zokuma kwendawo. Nge multi-ikhilomitha bakhe obuphelele (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 1 km) kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho kukhona ezihlukahlukene izimo zezulu. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye kolwandle libhekene a sezulu esipholile ezwekazini. Ebusika, kukhona ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kanye snowfalls esindayo. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo eseningizimu akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela Mediterranean esihle. Summer kule ndawo iyashisa futhi omile, ebusika - ezimanzi futhi umnene.

Isici esiyinhloko izimila nezilwane yoLwandle iCaspian kuyinto ngokuchichima plankton. Phakathi nezikhathi zokuphindaphinda ikakhulukazi okusheshayo amanzi ulwelwe ebusweni ngokoqobo blooms ophuzi. amanzi Coastal engajulile liphenduka ehlozini yangempela. ubunjalo Elihle iCaspian coast izivakashi unyaka ngamunye. ku iCaspian Sea iholide ngokuvamile babekhetha abantu abafuna uphumule kude emadolobheni amakhulu ezinomsindo. I zokungcebeleka ezithandwa kakhulu edolobheni Russian Derbent, Makhachkala, Astrakhan Aktau Kazakh, Azeri dolobha Baku. izakhamuzi Russian bavame ukukhetha sokungcebeleka eCaucasus, elihlanganisa ngokuvakashela emabhishi hhayi kuphela futhi ebhukuda olwandle, kodwa inqubo yokwelapha ngokwamaqiniso sanatoria eziningi, travel ezindaweni eziyinhloko ezithakazelisayo esifundeni, amapaki kazwelonke kanye nemvelo reserves.