Indawo Black Sea kanye nezinye izici zalo ezindawo

Black Sea - yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ezweni lethu, sihlangana uhlukile futhi inezici ayo ezithakazelisayo.

indawo

Kuyinto oLwandle Olumnyama eningizimu ingxenye European yeRussia. Eduze kwalo kukhona uchungechunge eCaucasus ezintabeni.

OLwandle Olumnyama inomngcele kumephu nge emazweni amaningana. Russia, e-Ukraine, Georgia, eRomania, eBulgaria, Turkey. Le ndawo yoLwandle Olumnyama kweqa umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia. Wabuka kolwandle, ungabona ezijulile kanjani enquma phakathi enyakatho enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. It uxhuma ngisho nge Sea elincane Azov ngokusebenzisa Kerch Strait.

Uhlolojikelele

Le ndawo yoLwandle Olumnyama mkhulu kunenkolelo ukuthi ulingana ayizinkulungwane 422 amakhilomitha square. Lokhu value icishe ilingane, ezinye izinombolo kukhona kwezinye imithombo. Le ndawo yoLwandle Olumnyama esigcawini. km. - 436400 (kweminye imithombo). Ukujula obuyisilinganiselo 2210 amamitha, kuyilapho isilinganiso - 1240.

Ulwandle kuyinto umgodi angawodwa obakhiwa South-Eastern Europe nase-Asia Minor. Le ndawo Sea njengoba ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, a ukuphakamisa ezincane, okuyinto kuyingxenye enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. I enyakatho ntshonalanga ingxenye ebanzi isiqongo eshalofini. LwaseTurkey futhi Georgia, ngaphezulu ezihosheni ezimangelengele futhi zigodi. lezi osogwini olusenyakatho ukujula elikhulu baqale eduze kakhulu kunezinye enyakatho. Ugu we Black Sea - 4077 amakhilomitha. Ulwandle kancane like i obuphelele okusaqanda ka 1148 amakhilomitha, ububanzi 615.

Zimbalwa amatheku futhi cishe awekho iziqhingi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lamanzi njalo ziyanda. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi yonke iminyaka engu-100, endaweni Black Sea ukhula 25 amasentimitha. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ijubane mncane impela, kodwa ulwandle kakade uye wakwazi ingxenye yomqondo edolobheni.

umuzi Black Sea

coast Russian echichima zokulala. Kukhona umuzi, ngobukhulu babo - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk futhi Anapa. Muva nje, kucelwe steel Russian ayasebenza esimweni sedolobha oLwandle Olumnyama, elise eCrimea (Kerch futhi Sevastopol).

Sochi - endaweni olufudumele we Black Sea eRussia. Kunezindlela eziningi ilanga, zinomswakama kakhulu, kanti nezitshalo esihle.

E Sevastopol, a kahle walondoloza Antique emzini Hersonissos lasendulo. ezikhumbuzo Abaningi elalinikezelwe Victory Omkhulu.

Indlela kusukela olwandle kuze kube ulwandle

Black Sea kumephu kubonakala kude nolwandle, sihlobana yangaphakathi, kodwa kungokwalowo Atlantic. Ukuba baziphonse lapha, okudingeka ukwenze ibanga elide kakhulu kusukela oLwandle Olumnyama ngokusebenzisa Bosphorus ukufinyelela Marmara bese ngokusebenzisa le iDardanelles ukufinyelela Aegean kanye oLwandle iMediterranean, kuphela emva kwalokho ungathola ngokusebenzisa Gibraltar e-Atlantic Ocean.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu yezwekazi. Izici ezihlobene nesimo layo langaphakathi kolwandle. ECrimea ne eCaucasus ogwini evikelwe yemimoya ebandayo enyakatho, ngakho isimo sezulu omnene kakhudlwana, iMedithera. Ithonya-Atlantic Ocean kuthinta isimo sezulu. Kusukela ngasenyakatho nasentshonalanga ukuza izishingishane, ngokuvamile bekhulisa imvula. Ngezinye izikhathi umoya enyakatho sinamandla kangaka, ukuthi ezintabeni ningabi isithiyo ngaye. Ibizwa ngokuthi "boron". He fikisa abandayo. Abantu bakule ndawo babembiza ngo "Nord-Ost".

Biota

Ngo kolwandle kukhona ezihlukahlukene ulwelwe. Kuyinto onsundu, oluhlaza, obomvu kanye nabanye, futhi bangu-270 zezinhlanzi. Futhi lapho ungathola mayelana 600 zama-phytoplankton. Ngo amanzi iphila njengoba okuthiwa noctiluca scintillans - lokhu alga, equkethe phosphorus.

Nezilwane yoLwandle Olumnyama ngeke kuqhathaniswe ne nezilwane iMedithera. Kuyinto ikhaya 2,500 zilwane, njengoba kuzo eMedithera - 9000 Izizathu izilwane zasendle abampofu: hydrogen sulfide ekujuleni okukhulu, amanzi abandayo kakhulu futhi ibanga elikhulu usawoti. Ngakho-ke, oLwandle Olumnyama kuphela undemanding izilwane ezihlala emanzini angajulile. Ezansi bukhoma izimbaza, ama-oyster, pects, izimbaza rapana. Igobolondo njalo kuletha ogwini. Siphakathi kwamatshe siphile izinkalankala, izimfanzi atholakala. Kukhona izinhlobo ezithile jellyfish - Aurelia futhi Rhizostoma. Phakathi izinhlanzi zifana eyaziwa kahle: mullet, mackerel, ulwe, ulwandle siphika, Black futhi Azov herring. Izinhlanzi eziyingozi kakhulu kuyinto dragon ulwandle. Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle amelwa izinhlobo ezimbili zezintuthwane amahlengethwa: ihlengethwa i-common kanye ihlengethwa bottlenose - kanye porpoises futhi usigcine elimhlophe-bellied.

Ukwakheka amanzi olwandle

Amanzi e Sea anosawoti omningi, nge a aftertaste okumunyu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwengeza i-sodium chloride lichaza ekwakheni kuhlanganisa chloride ne-magnesium sulphate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi unamakhemikhali 60.

Ingxenye enkulu ivolumu iqukethe-hydrogen sulfide. Ngokuvamile, kuqukethwe amanzi ekujuleni ezinkulu (amamitha angu-150). kwakhiwa hydrogen sulfide is by noqhekeko eziphilayo zasolwandle. Black Sea ihlukile kwabanye ukuthi ekujuleni ezinkulu ke akukho ulwelwe noma izilwane zasemanzini. Live lapho sulphur amagciwane kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi sulfide isiphepho hydrogen ikhishwe, ngakho kwabakhileyo ogwini bangazizwa nephunga edabukisayo.

Black Sea ezizweni ezahlukene

OLwandle Olumnyama ibizwa ngokuthi abantu abaningi kangaka, ngaphakathi spite of shades ezingenakubalwa sezulu ehlukene, kusuka green kumnyama ukukhanya blue. AmaGreki asendulo walibiza ePhontu Axinus, okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "negostepreimnoe" noma "abamnyama." Kwakukhona nobunzima navigation kanye ogwini uhlalwe abomdabu nobutha. Bamakoloni zifeziwe enqabayo sezulu, ezifana inkungu nezivunguvungu. Lapho amaGreki ekugcineni yingcweti le ulwandle, yabe seyaziwa bona Pont Euxine, okungukuthi "wokungenisa izihambi".

Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke Rus lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi kolwandle Russian noma ngezinye izikhathi umSkithe. Kwezinye imithombo ungathola ulwazi ngalokho wayebizwa ngokuthi kolwandle akuyona omnyama, futhi Red, ukuthi muhle kakhulu.

I-Turks wayibiza ngokuthi Karadengiz ulwandle - "ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle neze." Mhlawumbe ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo njengoba ukuthi amaGreki.